Mechanisms of active fraction combination from Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(LW-AFC) on long-term potentiation impairment in vivo

OBJECTIVE Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(LW)-active fraction combination(LW-AFC,consist of 3 fractions polysaccharide,LWB-B;glycoside,LWD-b;oligosaccharide,CA-30)is extracted from LW,it is effective for the treatment of kidney yin deficiency in many animal models.This study evaluated the effects and mechanisms of LW-AFC and the active fractions on corticosterone(Cort)-induced long-term potentiation(LTP)impairment in vivo.METHODS LTP was used to evaluate the synaptic plasticity.LW-AFC was orally administered for seven days.The active fractions were given by either chronic administration(ig,ip,7 d)or single administration(icv,ig,ip).Cort was injected subcutaneously 1h before the high-frequency stimulation(HFS)to induce LTP impairment.Moreover,in order to research on the possible effective pathways,an antibiotic cocktail and an immunosuppressant were also used.RESULTS Chronic administration(ig)of LW-AFC and its three active fractions could ameliorate Cort-induced LTP impairment.Single administration(icv,ig,ip)of any of the active fractions had no effect on Cort-induced LTP impairment,while chronic administration(ig,ip)of LWB-B or LWD-b showed positive effects against Cort.Interestingly,CA-30 only showed protective effects via ig administration,and there was little effect when CA-30 was administered ip In addition,when the intestinal microbiota was disrupted by application of the antibiotic cocktail,CA-30 showed little protective effects against Cort.The effects of LW-AFC were also abolished when the immune function was inhibited.In the hippocampal tissue,Cort treatment increased Cort and glutamate,and LW-AFC could inhibit the Cort-induced elevation of Cort and glutamate;there was little change in D-serine in Cort-treated animals,but LW-AFC could increase the D-serine levels.CONCLUSION LW-AFC and its three active fractions could ameliorate Cort-induced LTP impairment.Their protective effects are unlikely by a direct way,and immune modulation might be the common pathway.CA-30 could protect LTP from impairment via modulating the intestinal microbiota.Decreasing Cort and glutamate and increasing D-serine in the Cort-treated animals'hippocampal tissue might be one of the mechanisms for the neural protective effects of LW-AFC.Further study is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Active fraction combination from Liuwei Dihuang decoction(LW-AFC) ameliorates corticosterone-induced long-term potentiation impairment in mice in vivo

Liuwei Dihuang decoction(LW), a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), has been used for nearly one thousand years for various diseases with characteristic features of kidney yin deficiency. LW consists of 6herbs including Dihuang[prepared root of Rehmannia glutinosa(Gaertn) DC], Shanyao(rhizome of Dioscorea polystachya Turcz), Shanzhuyu(fruit of Cornus officinalis Siebold Zucc), Mudanpi(root bark of Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews),Zexie(rhizome of Alisma plantago-aquatica L) and Fuling(scleorotia of Wolfiporia extensa(Peck) Ginns)LW-active fraction combination(LW-AFC) is extracted from LW, it is effective for the treatment of kidney yin deficiency in many animal models. There are 3 fractions in LW-AFC, a polysaccharide fraction(LWB-B), a glycoside fraction(LWD-b) and an oligosaccharide fraction(CA-30). Our previous results indicate that LW-AFC has similar pharmacological effects to LW, modulating the balance of the NIM network. LW-AFC has positive effects in many animal models of kidney deficiency or disturbance of the NIM network. LW-AFC could improve the cognitive ability in Alzheimer′s disease(AD) animal models(APP/PS1, SAMP8), where modulating immune function and balancing the NIM network may play an important role in its cognition improving effects. Our study also showed that LW-AFC had protective effects on stress-induced disturbances of the NIM network. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and need further investigation. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of LW-AFC and the active fractions(polysaccharide, LWB-B;glycoside, LWD-b;oligosaccharide,CA-30) on corticosterone(Cort)-induced long-term potentiation(LTP) impairment in vivo. METHODS LTP was used to evaluate the synaptic plasticity. LW-AFC was orally administered for seven days. The active fractions were given by either chronic administration(ig, ip, 7 d) or single administration(icv, ig, ip). Cort was injected subcutaneously 1 h before the high-frequency stimulation(HFS) to induce LTP impairment. Moreover, in order to research on the possible effective pathways, an antibiotic cocktail and an immunosuppressant were also used. RESULTS Chronic administration(ig) of LW-AFC and its three active fractions could ameliorate Cort-induced LTP impairment. Single administration(icv, ig, ip) of any of the active fractions had no effect on Cort-induced LTP impairment, while chronic administration(ig, ip) of LWB-B or LWD-b showed positive effects against Cort. Interestingly, CA-30 only showed protective effects via ig administration,and there was little effect when CA-30 was administered ip In addition, when the intestinal microbiota was disrupted by application of the antibiotic cocktail, CA-30 showed little protective effects against Cort. The effects of LW-AFC were also abolished when the immune function was inhibited. In the hippocampal tissue, Cort treatment increased corticosterone and glutamate, and LW-AFC could inhibit the Cort-induced elevation of corticosterone and glutamate;there was little change in D-serine in Cort-treated animals, but LW-AFC could increase the D-serine levels. CONCLUSION LW-AFC and its three active fractions could ameliorate Cort-induced LTP impairment. Their protective effects are unlikely by a direct way, and immune modulation might be the common pathway. CA-30 could protect LTP from impairment via modulating the intestinal microbiota. Decreasing corticosterone and glutamate and increasing D-serine in the Cort-treated animals’ hippocampal tissue might be one of the mechanisms for the neural protective effects of LW-AFC. Further study is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Chaos and Combination Synchronization of a New Fractional-order System with Two Stable Node-foci

A new fractional-order Lorenz-like system with two stable node-foci has been thoroughly studied in this paper. Some sufficient conditions for the local stability of equilibria considering both commensurate and incommensurate cases are given. In addition, with the effective dimension less than three, the minimum effective dimension of the system is approximated as 2.8485 and is verified numerically. It should be affirmed that the linear differential equation in fractional-order Lorenzlike system appears to be less sensitive to the damping, represented by a fractional derivative, than the two other nonlinear equations. Furthermore, combination synchronization of this system is analyzed with the help of nonlinear feedback control method. Theoretical results are verified by performing numerical simulations. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding

Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor.The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive trucks.But,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core losses.This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(SynRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

A Hybrid ESA-CCD Method for Variable-Order Time-Fractional Diffusion Equations

In this paper, we study the solutions for variable-order time-fractional diffusion equations. A three-point combined compact difference (CCD) method is used to discretize the spatial variables to achieve sixth-order accuracy, while the exponential-sum-approximation (ESA) is used to approximate the variable-order Caputo fractional derivative in the temporal direction, and a novel spatial sixth-order hybrid ESA-CCD method is implemented successfully. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by numerical experiments.

Fractional differential equations of motion in terms of combined Riemann-Liouville derivatives

In this paper, we focus on studying the fractional variational principle and the differential equations of motion for a fractional mechanical system. A combined Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator is defined, and a fractional Hamilton principle under this definition is established. The fractional Lagrange equations and the fractional Hamilton canonical equations are derived from the fractional Hamilton principle. A number of special cases are given, showing the universality of our conclusions. At the end of the paper, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Fractional cyclic integrals and Routh equations of fractional Lagrange system with combined Caputo derivatives

In this paper, we develop a fractional cyclic integral and a Routh equation for fractional Lagrange system defined in terms of fractional Caputo derivatives. The fractional Hamilton principle and the fractional Lagrange equations of the system are obtained under a combined Caputo derivative. Furthermore, the fractional cyclic integrals based on the Lagrange equations are studied and the associated Routh equations of the system are presented. Finally, two examples are given to show the applications of the results.

非剥脱点阵激光联合透明质酸钠复合溶液注射治疗颈部老化疗效观察

目的:观察非剥脱点阵激光联合透明质酸钠复合溶液注射治疗颈部老化的临床疗效。方法:选取2020年7月-2022年7月于笔者医院就诊的30例颈部老化女性就医者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和联合组各15例。对照组给予1 565 nm M22-ResurFx非剥脱点阵激光治疗;联合组给予1 565 nm M22-ResurFx非剥脱点阵激光联合透明质酸钠复合溶液注射治疗。对照组激光治疗3次;联合组激光及透明质酸钠复合溶液联合治疗3次,收集每次治疗前、后照片,评估治疗前、后就医者颈部老化的改善程度和治疗后不良反应。结果:联合组改善率为66.67%,明显高于对照组的20.00%(P<0.05);联合组就医者满意率为80.00%,高于对照组的53.33%;联合组颈部老化分级明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。激光治疗后治疗区域均即刻出现红斑及风团,3~5 d消退,无结痂及出血发生。两组均未有其他严重不良反应发生。结论:非剥脱点阵激光联合透明质酸钠复合溶液注射治疗颈部老化疗效好,患者满意度高,值得临床推广应用。

11种抗菌药物体外联合对耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌药物敏感性分析

目的观察两药联合对耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌(CRE)的体外联合药物敏感性,筛选出有效的抗感染治疗方案。方法收集2023年1月至12月青岛市第八人民医院临床标本中分离的非重复CRE60株,胶体金免疫层析法检测碳青霉烯酶型,微量肉汤稀释法测定菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),棋盘法对头孢他啶/阿维巴坦(CZA)联合氨曲南(ATM),黏菌素(COL)分别联合替加环素(TGC)、美罗培南(MEM)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(SCF)、阿米卡星(AK)、左氧氟沙星(LEV),TGC分别联合MEM、SCF和AK,MEM分别联合SCF、厄他培南(ETP)进行联合药敏试验,部分抑菌浓度指数(FIC)判定联合效果。结果60株CRE均检出碳青霉烯酶,其中肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶(KPC)49株、新德里金属β-内酰胺酶(NDM)10株,亚胺培南酶(IMP)1株。CZA对49株产KPC菌株的MIC均≤8mg/L,全敏感;对11株产NDM、IMP酶菌株的MIC均>128mg/L,全耐药;联合ATM后协同率为100%。MEM+SCF的协同率最高,为63.4%,协同率与相加率之和为96.7%。TGC+AK的协同率与相加率最低,为31.7%。KPC酶型和NDM酶型菌株中,MEM+SCF的协同率与相加率之和最高,分别为100.0%和80.0%,COL+LEV的协同率与相加率之和最低,分别为32.6%和30.0%。11种联合方案均无拮抗作用,对CRE菌株的MIC_(范围)、MIC_(50)和MIC_(90)值与各个单药相比均有不同程度的减低。结论CZA单独或联合ATM对CRE菌株有效。MEM+SCF的协同率与相加率之和最高,可作为临床经验用药参考。

基于改进分数阶滑模控制的PMLSM直接推力控制

针对分数阶滑模控制在永磁直线同步电机(Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor, PMLSM)直接推力控制下转速环精度不高、磁链和推力波动大等问题,提出一种改进的分数阶滑模控制算法,即分数阶双幂次指数趋近律、分数阶变速趋近律相结合的组合趋近律,能有效减弱滑模控制引起的系统振荡,加快趋近速率。仿真结果表明:与分数阶滑模控制相比,在PMLSM直接推力控制系统中采取改进分数阶滑模控制,磁链和推力波动明显减弱,系统响应速度加快,提高了PMLSM推力响应的抗干扰能力。

Hcy、CTnI及BNP在高血压合并射血分数保留型心力衰竭患者病情及预后评估中的价值分析

目的:探究血清同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(Cardiac Troponin I,CTnI)及脑钠肽(Brain Natriuretic Peptide,BNP)在高血压合并射血分数保留型心力衰竭(Heart Failure with Preserved LV Ejection Fraction,HF-PEF)病情、预后评估中的意义.方法:选择2020年1月至2022年5月间收治的116例高血压合并HF-PEF患者作为观察组研究对象,另选102例健康体检者作为对照组研究对象.按照心功能分级不同将观察组患者分为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级.根据住院期间及出院半年内观察组是否发生主要不良心血管事件(Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events,MACE),将观察组进一步分为MACE组与非MACE组.分析对比两组血清Hcy、CTnI及BNP水平;分析对比不同心功能分级观察组患者的血清Hcy、CTnI及BNP水平;分析血清Hcy、CTnI及BNP对高血压合并HF-PEF预后评估的意义.结果:观察组Hcy、CTnI、BNP水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);不同心功能分级患者血清Hcy、CTnI及BNP水平呈现Ⅱ级<Ⅲ级<Ⅳ级(P<0.05);MACE组与非MACE组在年龄性别方面无明显差异,在心功能分级、血清Hcy、CTnI及BNP水平等方面存在明显差异(P<0.05);采用多元Logistic回归分析得出心功能分级、Hcy、CTnI、BNP均是高血压合并HF-PEF患者发生MACE的影响因素.结论:血清Hcy、CTnI及BNP能有效评估高血压合并HF-PEF病情进展及预后情况,对于早期诊断与治疗有一定指导意义.

耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌联合药敏试验研究

目的了解耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)的分布特征和耐药状况,评价以黏菌素(COL)为基础,分别与头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(SCF)、替加环素(TGC)、亚胺培南(IPM)、美罗培南(MEM)、阿米卡星(AK)和左氧氟沙星(LEV)联合的体外抗菌效果,为临床抗感染治疗提供参考。方法收集2022年我院75株非重复分离的CRAB菌株,用WHONET 5.6软件分析其临床分布和耐药情况。从中筛选25株,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定各药物单独及联合时的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),用棋盘法抑菌试验计算部分抑菌浓度指数(FIC)判定联合效应。结果2022年我院共分离鲍曼不动杆菌145株,其中CRAB 75株,检出率51.7%。CRAB在>70岁老年患者中检出率最高(40.0%),主要来源于血液(41.3%)和痰液(37.3%)标本,ICU是主要分离科室。75株CRAB对5种抗菌药物哌拉西林(PRL)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(TZP)、头孢曲松(CRO)、IPM和MEM均100%耐药;对3种药物氨苄西林/舒巴坦(SAM)、头孢吡肟(FEP)和复方磺胺甲噁唑(SXT)的耐药率均>95%;对LEV、SCF、AK、TGC和COL的耐药率分别为86.7%、82.7%、77.4%、2.4%和0.0%。25株CRAB的联合药敏试验显示,COL分别与SCF和TGC的协同率最高(92%和80%),协同率与相加率之和均为100%;COL与IPM、MEM、AK、LEV联合的协同率依次为64%、72%、56%和48%,均无拮抗作用。结论CRAB呈高度耐药,老年和ICU患者是高危人群。COL与SCF联合具有最佳协同作用,COL与LEV联合效果最差,值得临床参考。

富血小板血浆联合点阵激光在瘢痕防治中的应用及研究进展

皮肤瘢痕对患者的生理和心理都造成了极大痛苦,然而常规的治疗手段仍无法达到十分满意的效果。近年来,激光作为一种新的方法已逐步被用于瘢痕的治疗,尤其是点阵激光被越来越多地运用到临床,但点阵激光术后引起的不良反应使它的应用受到了一定限制。富血小板血浆(Platelet-rich plasma,PRP)是一种外周血小板浓度高于基线的自体血浆,能够降低点阵激光治疗后的不良反应,在整形外科多种疾病的治疗中有广阔的发展前景。本文就PRP联合点阵激光在瘢痕治疗中的应用现状,并针对PRP联合点阵激光治疗不同瘢痕类型,包括增生性瘢痕、萎缩性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的疗效及研究进展总结概述。

基于分数混合阶的交叠组合稀疏全变分HFOGSTV去噪模型

针对全变分(TV)模型引起的阶梯效应,造成图像出现块状伪影的问题,提出了基于分数混合阶的交叠组合稀疏正则项全变分(HFOGSTV)去噪模型。考虑到交叠组合稀疏正则项与分数阶微分能够抑制全局以及局部的块状伪影的特点,将二者引入TV模型,可以较好地抑制阶梯效应。并引入高阶微分,提高模型的去噪效率,构建了基于HFOGSTV去噪模型。新模型采用交替方向乘子法(ADMM)分解为各个子问题进行依次迭代求解,并选择合适的参数。实验结果表明,HFOGSTV模型与非局部均值去噪(NLM)、TV和混合非凸高所交叠组合稀疏全变分(HNHOTV-OGS)模型相比,峰值信噪比(PSNR)分别提升7.2%、5.3%、1.9%,结构相似性(SSIM)分别提升6.6%、6.1%、3.4%,耗时分别减少89%、51%、45%,不仅有效抑制了阶梯效应,而且去噪效果更佳,运行时长大大降低。

提升某高硫低铜品位铜硫矿铜浮选回收指标试验研究

安徽铜陵某铜硫矿浮选厂处理的原矿含铜0.34%,其中硫化铜占近93%,含硫31.26%,属于高硫低铜硫化矿。选厂铜回收率长期维持在82%~84%,明显低于原矿中硫化铜理论回收率。为提升该矿石中铜的回收,开展磨矿细度优化以及复合酯类捕收剂强化铜浮选的试验研究。结果表明,在磨矿细度-74μm占75%,使用复合酯类捕收剂的条件下,小型闭路试验获得铜精矿铜品位为16.43%,铜回收率达到94.07%的指标,较现场指标分别提高1个和9个百分点;通过对小试和现场产品的粒级组成深入分析,得出现场磨矿细度不足,磨矿产品粒度组成不均匀是造成铜损失在尾矿的关键原因。同时,小试结果证明使用新型复合酯类捕收剂可强化微细粒铜矿物的回收。为选厂在实际生产中提升指标提供了科学的方向和依据。

基于双元变换的一类反常积分问题的计算

针对一类被积函数分母含ax^(4)+bx^(2)+c的有理分式的反常积分问题,利用引入双元变换的方法,结合组合计算方法和高次有理分式化成部分有理真分式的理论,给出了积分问题的计算方法.利用所给结论,计算并证明了二类积分问题.

基于FrFT的组合预测模型在地铁基坑沉降监测中的应用

针对极限学习机(ELM)模型在地铁基坑沉降预测领域存在的参数选取困难问题,本文引入粒子群(PSO)算法对ELM模型的关键参数进行寻优,结合分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT),提出一种基于FrFT与PSO-ELM模型的地铁基坑沉降组合预测模型。首先,采用FrFT对地铁基坑沉降数据进行多尺度分解,得到若干结构简单的子序列;其次,引入粒子群算法对ELM模型进行全局寻优,提升ELM预测性能,对于各子序列,使用提出的PSO-ELM模型分别进行建模预测;最后,叠加各子序列结果作为预测结果。使用某地铁基坑沉降监测数据进行预测实验,对比GM(1,1)模型、ELM网络模型、长短期记忆(LSTM)模型与本文组合预测模型的实验结果,证明本文提出的组合预测模型的预测精度较对比模型明显提升,从而验证了本文模型能够有效挖掘数据中存在的规律性与趋势性信息,同时解决参数选取困难的问题,为相关结构变形监测与预测提供了一定借鉴。

基于可变分数延时FIR滤波器的小电流接地系统故障选线方法

故障选线是小电流接地系统故障维修的基础。为降低错选率,本文提出了基于可变分数延时FIR滤波器的小电流接地系统故障选线方法。利用无线传感器感知接地系统线路的零序电流信号,采用开、闭组合滤波算法对信号进行滤波处理,利用可变分数延时FIR滤波器进行信号变换、分数时延校正,提取到零序电流信号的全域幅度特征,采用余弦相似度确定系统的故障线路,以此实现基于可变分数延时FIR滤波器的小电流接地系统故障选线。实验证明,本文的故障选线方法错选率在1%以内,选线精度较高,具有一定的推广应用价值。

Usefulness of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide-Guided Treatment in Patients with Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap

Background: Some patients present clinical features of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which has led to the recent proposal of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) as a diagnosis. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a candidate biomarker to diagnose ACO. We assessed the effect of an add-on treatment with budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FM) combination in patients with ACO, which was diagnosed by FeNO. Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, open-label, before and after comparison study. Subjects included 83 patients with COPD who attended outpatient clinics for routine checkups at Shizuoka General Hospital between June and November 2016. All patients fulfilled the GOLD definition of COPD and were receiving long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) or LAMA/long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) combinations. After an 8-week run-in period, BUD/FM was added to the patients with FeNO levels of ≥35 ppb, defined as having ACO. For patients receiving LAMA/LABA, BUD/FM was added after the discontinuation of LABA. The modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) score, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, spirometric indices, forced oscillation parameters, and FeNO were assessed before and after 8 weeks of BUD/ FM add-on treatment. Results: Twenty-four patients (28.9%) had FeNO levels ≥ 35 ppb, and 17 patients completed the study (mean age: 73 years and GOLD I/II/III/IV, 5/10/1/1). The mean CAT scores significantly improved (9.2 to 5.4, p = 0.015) and 10 patients (58.8%) showed ≥2 points improvement, a minimal clinically important difference. The mean FeNO levels significantly decreased from 63.0 to 34.3 ppb (p Conclusions: FeNO-guided treatment with BUD/FM improves symptoms in patients with ACO.

Image encryption technique based on new two-dimensional fractional-order discrete chaotic map and Menezes–Vanstone elliptic curve cryptosystem

We propose a new fractional two-dimensional triangle function combination discrete chaotic map(2D-TFCDM)with the discrete fractional difference.Moreover,the chaos behaviors of the proposed map are observed and the bifurcation diagrams,the largest Lyapunov exponent plot,and the phase portraits are derived,respectively.Finally,with the secret keys generated by Menezes-Vanstone elliptic curve cryptosystem,we apply the discrete fractional map into color image encryption.After that,the image encryption algorithm is analyzed in four aspects and the result indicates that the proposed algorithm is more superior than the other algorithms.