Self-assembled S-scheme In_(2.77)S_(4)/K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst with selective O_(2) reduction pathway for efficient H_(2)O_(2) production using water and air

The development of an efficient artificial H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis system is a challenging work using H_(2)O and O_(2) as starting materials.Herein,3D In_(2.77)S_(4) nanoflower precursor was in-situ deposited on K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(KCN)nanosheets using a solvothermal method,then In_(2.77)S_(4)/KCN(IS/KCN)het-erojunction with an intimate interface was obtained after a calcination process.The investigation shows that the photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production rate of 50IS/KCN can reach up to 1.36 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)without any sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation,which is 9.2 times and 4.1 times higher than that of KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4)/respectively.The enhanced activity of the above composite can be mainly attributed to the S-scheme charge transfer route between KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4) according to density functional theory calculations,electron paramagnetic resonance and free radical capture tests,leading to an expanded light response range and rapid charge separation at their interface,as well as preserving the active electrons and holes for H_(2)O_(2) production.Besides,the unique 3D nanostructure and surface hydrophobicity of IS/KCN facilitate the diffusion and transportation of O_(2) around the active centers,the energy barriers of O_(2) protonation and H_(2)O_(2) desorption steps are ef-fectively reduced over the composite.In addition,this system also exhibits excellent light harvesting ability and stability.This work provides a potential strategy to explore a sustainable H_(2)O_(2) photo-synthesis pathway through the design of heterojunctions with intimate interfaces and desired reac-tion thermodynamics and kinetics.

First-Principles Investigation of Charge Transfer Mechanism of B-Doped 3C-SiC Semiconductor Material

This study delves into the charge transfer mechanism of boron (B)-doped 3C-SiC through first-principles investigations. We explore the effects of B doping on the electronic properties of 3C-SiC, focusing on a 12.5% impurity concentration. Our comprehensive analysis encompasses structural properties, electronic band structures, and charge density distributions. The optimized lattice constant and band gap energy of 3C-SiC were found to be 4.373 Å and 1.36 eV respectively, which is in agreement with previous research (Bui, 2012;Muchiri et al., 2018). Our results show that B doping narrows the band gap, enhances electrical conductivity, and influences charge transfer interactions. The charge density analysis reveals substantial interactions between B dopants and surrounding carbon atoms. This work not only enhances our understanding of the material’s electronic properties, but also highlights the importance of charge density analysis for characterizing charge transfer mechanisms and their implications in the 3C-SiC semiconductors.

La^(3+)对MgAl_(2)O_(4)透明陶瓷致密化过程、光学及力学性能的影响

镁铝尖晶石(MgAl_(2)O_(4))透明陶瓷具有优异的光学和力学性能,在防弹装甲窗口、高马赫整流罩等方面得到了大量的应用。为实现MgAl_(2)O_(4)透明陶瓷的致密化,一般需要相对较高的烧结温度,然而高的烧结温度会导致陶瓷晶粒生长过大,影响其性能。因此通过引入合适的烧结助剂降低烧结温度,对于提升陶瓷性能和降低成本均具有很大的意义。本文以高纯商业MgAl_(2)O_(4)粉体为原料,La(OH)_(3)为烧结助剂,采用真空烧结结合热等静压后处理的方式,成功制备MgAl_(2)O_(4)透明陶瓷,并采用XRD、SEM等对透明陶瓷的微结构和相组成的演变以及性能进行表征。结果表明,La^(3+)在烧结早中期可有效提高陶瓷致密化速率,在烧结后期可抑制陶瓷晶粒生长。掺入0.01%(质量分数)La_(2)O_(3)后,MgAl_(2)O_(4)光学和力学综合性能优异,所需的热等静压烧结温度由1650℃降低到1600℃,相应平均晶粒尺寸由7μm减小到3μm。

La^(3+)修饰对纳米ZnO/TiO_(2)复合粉体的光催化性能影响

以La_(2)(SO_(4))3、Ti(SO_(4))2和ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O为原料,体积分数为40%的乙醇作溶剂,用共沉淀法制备La^(3+)修饰纳米ZnO/TiO_(2)复合光催化材料,初步研究了La^(3+)修饰对ZnO/TiO_(2)光催化性能的影响。有实验可知,用最佳镧掺杂量为0.2%的Zn∶Ti=3∶10的ZnO/TiO_(2)样品,La^(3+)修饰ZnO/TiO_(2)纳米复合粉体对甲基橙降解率可达到38.4%。掺入金属La^(3+)有效地抑制ZnO/TiO_(2)纳米复合粉体粒子之间的团聚,比表面积增加,光催化活性明显增强。并采用XRD等测试手段对其进行表征。

La^(3+)掺杂TiO_(2)粉体的高分子网络凝胶法制备工艺优化及其光催化降解甲基橙性能(英文)

采用高分子网络凝胶法制备La^(3+)掺杂TiO_(2)粉体,通过正交实验优化制备工艺,采用比表面积测试(BET)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)和扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)对TiO_(2)粉体的晶体结构和光吸收性能进行了表征,并以甲基橙为目标进行了光催化降解实验。结果表明:高分子网络凝胶法制备La^(3+)掺杂TiO_(2)粉体时对TiO_(2)光吸收波长影响最大的是煅烧温度,其次是掺杂量,最后是保温时间;正交实验得到的最优制备条件为:La^(3+)掺杂量为0.5%mol、煅烧温度为800℃,保温时间为30 min;煅烧温度过高与过低都不利于提高La^(3+)掺杂TiO_(2)的光催化活性,其存在一个最佳的温度范围:650~700℃;La^(3+)掺杂抑制了锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,也抑制了晶粒的长大,但当La^(3+)掺杂量为1.0%mol时,其光催化效果最好;二氧化钛光催化降解甲基橙是零级反应,掺杂并没有改变光催化反应类型。

Fabrication of Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO_(2)thin films through DC reactive sputtering and their application in solid oxide fuel cells

Physical vapor deposition(PVD)can be used to produce high-quality Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO2(GDC)films.Among various PVD methods,reactive sputtering provides unique benefits,such as high deposition rates and easy upscaling for industrial applications.GDC thin films were successfully fabricated through reactive sputtering using a Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)(at%)metallic target,and their application in solid oxide fuel cells,such as buffer layers between yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)/La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O_(3−δ)and as sublayers in the steel/coating system,was evaluated.First,the direct current(DC)reactive-sputtering behavior of the GdCe metallic target was determined.Then,the GDC films were deposited on NiO-YSZ/YSZ half-cells to investigate the influence of oxygen flow rate on the quality of annealed GDC films.The results demonstrated that reactive sputtering can be used to prepare thin and dense GDC buffer layers without high-temperature sintering.Furthermore,the cells with a sputtered GDC buffer layer showed better electrochemical performance than those with a screen-printed GDC buffer layer.In addition,the insertion of a GDC sublayer between the SUS441 interconnects and the Mn-Co spinel coatings contributed to the reduction of the oxidation rate for SUS441 at operating temperatures,according to the area-specific resistance tests.

La^(3+)掺杂CaFe_(2)O_(4)材料的制备及室温检测超低浓度甲醛

采用静电纺丝法成功制备了La^(3+)掺杂CaFe_(2)O_(4)材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对La^(3+)掺杂CaFe_(2)O_(4)材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。随后,研究了La^(3+)的掺杂量(质量分数)对CaFe_(2)O_(4)气敏性能的影响。研究表明,3%La^(3+)掺杂CaFe_(2)O_(4)材料在室温下对100μL·L^(-1)甲醛的响应最高(R_(a)/R_(g)=14.1)。更为重要的是,对甲醛的最低检测限低至0.1 nL·L^(-1),并且响应/恢复时间仅为4.3 s/8.4 s。

Preparation and photoelectric properties of Ho^(3+)-doped titanium dioxide nanowire downconversion photoanode

Ho^3＋-doped titanium dioxide（TiO2：Ho^3＋） downconversion（DC） nanowires were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method followed by a subsequent calcination process after being immersed in Ho（NO3）3 aqueous solution. Moreover, TiO2：Ho^3＋ nanowires（HTNWs） were used as the photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells（DSSCs） to investigate their photoelectric properties. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the material, respectively. The photofluorescence and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of HTNWs reveal a DC from the near and middle ultraviolet light to visible light which matches the strong absorbed region of the N719 dye. Compared with the pure TNW photoanode, HTNWs DC photoanodes show greater photovoltaic efficiency. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency（η） of the DSSCs with HTNWs photoanode doped with 4% Ho2O3（mass fraction） is two times that with pure TNW photoanode. This enhancement could be attributed to HTNWs which could extend the spectral response range of DSSCs to the near and middle ultraviolet region and increase the short-circuit current density（Jsc） of DSSCs, thus leading to the enhancement of photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

高特异性的La^(3+)靶向多肽探针及其在细胞和斑马鱼成像中的应用

研究报道了一种新型多肽探针(TPE-Glu-Glu-Pro-Gly-Glu-Glu-NH2),该多肽探针单独存在时没有荧光,稀土元素镧离子(La^(3+))加入后,与多肽探针特异性结合,限制了四苯乙烯(TPE)分子内的旋转,导致溶液产生强的荧光信号。该探针具有特异性,16种常见金属的存在也几乎不影响其对La^(3+)的靶向检测。我们研究发现,谷氨酸在多肽探针结合La^(3+)的过程中发挥重要作用,减少谷氨酸个数会影响其特异性识别。滴定和Job工作曲线结果表明,该多肽探针与La^(3+)结合比为1∶2,结合常数为1.29×10^(10)(L/mol)^(2)。计算机模拟结果表明,La^(3+)与多肽探针酰胺键的氧和谷氨酸羧基中羟基的氧结合。该探针可以高灵敏检测水溶液和唾液中的La^(3+),检测限分别为0.12μmol/L和0.32μmol/L。该高灵敏、高特异性多肽探针具有良好的生物相容性,可以用于细胞和斑马鱼中La^(3+)靶向成像,在环境和医学样品检测中有巨大的应用潜力。

Preparation and characterization of Eu^(3+)-doped CaCO_3 phosphor by microwave synthesis

A Eu^3＋-doped CaCO3 phosphor with red emission was prepared by microwave synthesis. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM） image and laser particle size analysis show that the CaCO3：Eu^3＋ particles are needle-like in the length range of 5.0-10.0 μm. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, and Raman spectroscopy indicate that pure aragonite CaCO3：Eu^3＋ is prepared using microwave irradiation and the Eu^3＋ ion as a luminescence center inhabits the site of Ca^2＋. The photoluminescence excitation （PLE） spectrum shows that the strong broad band at around 270 nm and weak sharp lines in 300-550 nm are assigned to the charge transfer band of Eu^3＋-O^2- and intra-configurational 4f-4f transitions of Eu^3＋, respectively. The photoluminescence （PL） spectrum implies that the red luminescence can be attributed to the transitions from the ^5D0 excited level to the ^7FJ （J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4） levels of Eu^3＋ ions with the mainly electric dipole transition ^5D0 → ^7F2 （614 and 620 nm）, and the Eu^3＋ ions prefer to occupy the low symmetric site in the crystal lattice.

Characterization of the BaBiO_3-doped BaTiO_3 positive temperature coefficient of a resistivity ceramic using impedance spectroscopy with T_c=155℃

BaBiO3-doped BaTiO3 （BB-BT） ceramic, as a candidate for lead-free positive temperature coefficient of resistivity （PTCR） materials with a higher Curie temperature, has been synthesized in air by a conventional sintering technique. The temperature dependence of resistivity shows that the phase transition of the PTC thermistor ceramic occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc = 155℃, which is higher than that of BaTiO3 （≤ 130 ℃）. Analysis of ac impedance data using complex impedance spectroscopy gives the alternate current （AC） resistance of the PTCR ceramic. By additional use of the complex electric modulus formalism to analyse the same data, the inhomogeneous nature of the ceramic may be unveiled. The impedance spectra reveal that the grain resistance of the BB-BT sample is slightly influenced by the increase of temperature, indicating that the increase in overall resistivity is entirely due to a grain-boundary effect. Based on the dependence of the extent to which the peaks of the imaginary part of electric modulus and impedance are matched on frequency, the conduction mechanism is also discussed for a BB-BT ceramic system.

Improving Cyclic Stability and Rate Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries Using La^(3+)Modified LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)Cathode Materials

La_(4)NiLiO_(8)-coated NCM622 samples were prepared through a sol-gel method,and the electrochemical performance as cathode materials was investigated.It is revealed that part of the introduced La^(3+)ions produce a coating layer on the surface of NCM622 particles,while the rest occupy the 3b position of the lattice.The optimized sample exhibits a capacity retention of 96.54%after 100 cycles under 1C rate with a discharge specific capacity of 117.54 mAh·g^(-1)under 5C rate,much higher than those of the unmodified sample.The results show that the addition of La^(3+)ion can greatly improve the cyclic stability and the rate performance of NCM622.

Green and red up-conversion emissions and thermometric application of Er^(3+) -doped silicate glass

The green and red up-conversion emissions centred at about 534, 549 and 663 nm of wavelength, corresponding respectively to the ^2H11/2 → ^4I15/2, ^4S3/2 → ^4I15/2 and ^4F9/2 → ^4I15/2 transitions of Er^3＋ ions, have been observed for the Er^3＋-doped silicate glass excited by a 978 nm semiconductor laser beam. Excitation power dependent behaviour of the up-conversion emission intensity indicates that a two-photon absorption up-conversion process is responsible for the green and red up-conversion emissions. The temperature dependence of the green up-conversion emissions is also studied in a temperature range of 296-673 K, which shows that Er^3＋-doped silicate glass can be used as a sensor in high-temperature measurement.

Promotional effect for SCR of NO with CO over MnO_(x)-doped Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles derived from metal-organic frameworks

MnO_(x)-Fe_(3)O_(4) nanomaterials were fabricated by using the innovative scheme of pyrolyzing manganesedoped iron-based metal organic framework in inert atmosphere and exhibited extraordinary performance of NO reduction by CO(CO-SCR).Multi-technology characterizations were conducted to ascertain the properties of fabricated materials(e.g.,TGA,XRD,SEM,FT-IR,XPS,BET,H_(2)-TPR and O_(2)-TPD).Moreover,the interaction between reactants and catalysts was ascertained by in situ FT-IR.Experimental results demonstrated that Mn was an ideal promoter for iron oxides,resulting in decrease of crystallite size,improve reducibility property,enhance the mobility and the amount of lattice O^(2-) species,as well as strength the adsorption ability of active NO and CO to form multiple species(e.g.,nitrate and carbonate).The unprecedented enhancement of CO-SCR activity over Mn-Fe nanomaterials follows the Eley-Rideal(E-R)and Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)reaction pathway.

Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Tb^(3+)-doped CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation

A near infrared to visible blue, green, and red upconversion luminescence in a Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass was studied, which was excited using 800 nm femtosecond laser irradiation. The upconversion luminescence was attributed to ^5D3→^7F5, ^5D3→^7F4, ^5D3→^7F3, ^5D4→^7F6, ^5D4→^7F5, ^5D4→^7F4, and ^5D4→^7F3 transitions of Tb^3＋. The relationship between upconversion luminescence intensity and the pump power indicated that a three-photon simultaneous absorption process was dominant in this upconversion luminescence. The intense red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence of Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass may be potentially useful in developing three-dimensional display applications.

2 μm mid-infrared optical spectra of Tm3+-doped germanium gallate glasses

Glasses with the composition of 65GeO212Ga2O3-10BaO-8Li2O-5La2O3(molar ratio) doped with 1.526 wt.%, 3.006 wt.%, 5.836 wt.%, 11.028 wt.%, and 15.678 wt.% Tm2O3, respectively, were fabricated by conventional melting method. According to the absorption spectra and the Judd-Ofelt theory, the J-O strength parameters (Ω2,Ω4, Ω6) were calculated, with which the radiative transition probabilities,branching ratios and radiative lifetimes were obtained. The infrared emission spectra (with 808 nm LD excitation) at～1.47 and～1.8 μm of various concentrations of Tm3+-doped glasses were studied. The emission intensity at～1.8 μm reached to the maximum when the Tm2O3-doping concentration was near to be～3.006 wt.% (1.0 mol.%), and then decreased as doping concentration increased further. The mechanism of the fluorescence intensity change was explained with the cross-relaxation effect and the concentration quenching effect of Tm3+. Meanwhile, according to McCumber theory, the absorption and emission cross-sections corresponding to the 3F4→3H6 transitions of Tm3+ at 1.8 μm was obtained. For Tm3+-doped germanate glasses, the maximum emission cross-section reached a value higher than that re-ported for fluorozircoaluminate glasses. It is expected to be a favorable candidate host for～2.0 μm mid-inflated laser because the glass shows favorable optical spectra.

Tm^(3+)-doped tellurite glass with Yb^(3+) energy sensitized for broadband amplifier at 1400–1700 nm bands

A kind of novel experiment was disclosed as it possessed two bands of fluorescence emission at 1.4 and 1.6 μm, which were perfectly complimentary to the current C band of optic communication. The fluorescence was based on energy transfer and up-conversion processes between Tm^3＋ and Yb^3＋ under direct pumping of 975 nm LD. The spectra and lifetimes of Tm^3＋ fluorescence in the tellurite glass were described. The corresponding fluorescence characteristics and energy migration process were analyzed by the method of lifetime and intensity comparison. The mechanism of the up-conversion based IR fluorescence was presented upon analyzing the multi-photon pumping process. The potential advantages of Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped tellurite glass as amplifier material were concluded.

Laser Cooling Using Anti-Stokes Fluorescence in Yb^(3+)-Doped Fluorozirconate Glasses

The fluorozirconate glasses ZBLANP( ZrF\-4-BaF\-2-LaF\-3-AlF\-3-NaF-PbF\-2) doped with different Yb\+ 3+ concentration were prepared. The Raman spectra and absorption spectra are measured to substantiate the existence of phonon-assisted emission. After analyzing the normalized absorption spectra of samples with different Yb\+ 3+-doped concentration, we calculated the maximum cooling effect in the 3 wt% Yb\+ 3+-doped sample pumped at 1 012.5 nm. The corresponding cooling capability is about -4.09 ℃/W and the cooling efficiency reaches 1.76%.

Mechanism and behaviors of Cr3+-doped TiO2

TiO2 powder and TiO2 thin film on the surface of glazed ceramic tile were prepared by sol-gel method.The influences of different doping Cr3+ concentration on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were discussed, UV-visible and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to test the performance of TiO2 powder and film. The results indicate that photocatalytic activity of doping Cr3+-TiO2 thin film is higher than that of powder, and the interaction between Cr3+-doped and substrate can greatly enhance the photocatalytic activity. The results of X-ray diffraction and photoabsorption show that the Cr3+ -doped energy level in TiO2 is 0. 62 eV high from the top of valence band, which belongs to the type of deep energy level doping. On the basis of the semiconductor energy level theory and Cr3+ dopant energy level, the semiconductor energy level model of Cr3+ in TiO2 powder and thin film were established, and the doping mechanisms of Cr3+-doped in TiO2 powder and thin film were analyzed.

Synthesis of Fe^(3+)-doped Aminated Lignin as A Peroxidase Mimic for Colorimetric Detection of H_(2)O_(2) and Glucose

Peroxidase plays an important role in living systems;however,its storage difficulty and easy inactivation have limited its applications in complex environments.To address these problems,herein,we proposed a method to synthesize peroxidase mimics by amination,carbonization,and Fe^(3+)-doping of industrial alkali lignin.The Fe^(3+)-doped lignin-based peroxidase mimic(Fe-LPM),with active centers of coordination between Fe^(3+)and N atoms,showed higher tolerance to pH value and temperature than natural peroxidase.Using Fe-LPM,10-100 mmol/L of H_(2)O_(2) and glucose could be colorimetrically detected with the lowest detection limits of 80μmol/L and 1.5 mmol/L and visual detection limits of 1.0 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L,respectively.The Fe-LPM maintained peroxidase-like activity after 10 cycles and could even be used for H_(2)O_(2) detection in practical samples.This work not only provides a new approach to synthesize peroxidase mimics using biomass materials but also promotes the high-value utilization of lignin.