发挥实验室管理部门的作用提高实验室地位

提出实验室建设规划和队伍建设的重要性,发挥实验室管理部门的作用,抓好重点实验室建设,自制实验仪器设备等是实验室工作的重要内容。

一种改进的测定水中亚硝酸盐的FIA停流-分光光度法研究

本文用预装的功能流路(块),以对氨基苯磺酸+α 苯胺为显色剂的流动注射停流 分光光度法测定了水样中的亚硝酸盐,获得良好的分析性能。提出了一种固定化和标准化流路硬件,主要依靠软件程序来选择流路参数的优化方法。NO-2的浓度在0.1～10μg/mL范围内与吸收信号呈线性关系,相关系数为0.995。方法的检出限(3σ)为0.012μg/mL,RSD为1.0%(3μg/mL,n=9),样品分析速率为45/h。

物理实验教学技能培养与实践

物理学是一门实验科学,物理实验教学和物理理论教学具有同等重要的地位。在物理教学中,物理实验是实现物理教学目标的主要手段之一,是培养学生操作技能,提高学生综合能力的主要手段。探索物理实验教学技能培养的有效方法和途径,培养本科生物理实验技能和创新性开展中学物理实验教学工作的能力。

抗洪抢险部队营地蚊虫防治效果观察

目的：了解部队抗洪期间受蚊虫危害状况，观察蚊虫防治方法的效果，避免蚊媒传染病发生。方法：采取人诱、人帐诱法捕捉成蚊。观察阳性容器、水体中蚊幼数量。以灭前灭后蚊虫数量变化考核灭蚊防蚊效果，驱避剂则观察有效保护时间。结果：蚊虫种类主要有中华按蚊、骚扰阿蚊、三带喙库蚊、致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊。成蚊密度（ 蚊叮指数） 平均４０ ．８ 只／（１５ ｍｉｎ·人） ，蚊幼密度平均６２ ．８ 条·５００ ｍｌ － １ 水，受叮咬后有体征的人数占４６ ．２ ％ 。驱避剂有效保护时间为３ ｈ 左右，使用蚊帐不可行。环境治理后，室外成蚊密度下降可达８０ ％ ，幼虫密度下降９７ ％以上。在室内使用烟雾杀虫弹，房屋建筑内成蚊密度下降，１ ｄ 内为１００ ％ ，３ ｄ 内平均为８５ ．９ ％ ；军用帐篷内成蚊密度下降，１ ｄ 内为１００ ％ ，３ ｄ 内平均为９６ ．８ ％ 。结论：抗洪部队临时营地的蚊虫防治措施，首先应采取环境治理，其次，室外用超低容量喷雾，室内用烟雾杀虫弹，单兵防护用驱避剂，即可解决蚊虫防治问题。

An integrative protocol for one‑step PCR amplicon library construction and accurate demultiplexing of pooled sequencing data

High-throughput sequencing of amplicons has been widely used to precisely and efficiently identify species compositions and analyze community structures,greatly promoting biological studies involving large amounts of complex samples,especially those involving environmental and pathogen-monitoring ones.Commercial library preparation kits for amplicon sequencing,which generally require multiple steps,including adapter ligation and indexing,are expensive and time-consuming,especially for applications at a large scale.To overcome these limitations,a“one-step PCR approach”has been previously proposed for constructions of amplicon libraries using long fusion primers.However,efficient amplifications of target genes and accurate demultiplexing of pooled sequencing data remain to be addressed.To tackle these,we present an integrative protocol for one-step PCR amplicon library construction(OSPALC).High-quality reads have been generated by this approach to reliably identify species compositions of mock bacterial communities and environmental samples.With this protocol,the amplicon library is constructed through one regular PCR with long primers,and the total cost per DNA/cDNA sample decreases to just 7%of the typical cost via the multi-step PCR approach.Empirically tested primers and optimized PCR conditions to construct OSPALC libraries for 16S rDNA V4 regions are demonstrated as a case study.Tools to design primers targeting at any genomic regions are also presented.In principle,OSPALC can be readily applied to construct amplicon libraries of any target genes using DNA or RNA samples,and will facilitate research in numerous fields.

Cost-reduction strategies in massive genomics experiments

Many modern biology studies require deep, whole-genome sequencing of hundreds to thousands of samples. Although persamplecosts have dramatically decreased, the total budget for such massive genome sequencing constitutes a significantbarrier for poorly funded labs. The costly lab tools required for genomics experiments further hinder such studies. Here, weshare two strategies for extensively reducing the costs of massive genomics experiments, including miniaturization of theNEBNext Ultra II FS DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (reducing the per-sample total costs to ~ 1/6 of that charged byservice providers) and in-lab 3D model-designing of genomics tools. These strategies not only dramatically release fundingpressure for labs, but also provide students with additional training in hands-on genomics and 3D-model-designing skills,demonstrating the high potential for their application in genomics experiments and science education.

用LED灯和乐高积木实现Fe(Ⅲ)的定量测定

在普通化学实验中引入以LED灯作为单色光源,用乐高积木和简单电子元件搭建简易光度计的教学环节。自制光度计采用2种方法搭建,结构简单,光路直观,成本低廉。将其用于Fe(Ⅲ)的定量测定,测试结果与商用光度计的测试结果进行比较,验证了自制光度计的性能。结果表明,在测试浓度范围内,吸光度与Fe(Ⅲ)浓度具有良好的线性拟合关系,测试结果满足基本的实验教学需求,可替代该实验中惯用的商用分光光度计。教学实践表明,这种自己搭建仪器并用于定量测定的教学模式,易于激发学生的学习兴趣与热情,增强学生的动手能力、独立思考和解决实际问题的能力,改善了教学效果。