The Latest Research Progress on Application of Lactobacillus acidophilus

Lactobacillus acidophilus belongs to the genus Lactobacillus, Gram-positive bacteria, which mainly colonize the small intestine of animals, can secrete anti-biotin substances, inhibit the growth and reproduction of some intestinal pathogenic bacteria, thereby regulating Intestinal flora, strengthen the absorption and utilization of feed nutrients, improve resistance, and promote animal growth, so it is widely used in livestock and poultry production. This article summarizes the latest research progress and application of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and looks forward to the future development direction in order to provide a theoretical basis for its future research.

Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Fermented Material by Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR

The species distinctive PCR primer of Lactobacillus acidophilus （ L. acidophilus） was designed according to 16S rRNA gene sequences of conunon Lac- tobacillus species in fermented material. Bacterial genome DNA of separated L. acidophilus in fermented sample was taken as template, and L. acidophilus in fer- mented material was conducted the quantitative determination by real-time quantitative PCR （RT-PCR）. Analysis on RT-PCR results shown that contents of L. aci- dophilus in the test sample reached 1.5 billion CFU / g. Test results shown that contents of L. acidophilus in fermented material could be detected accurately by the established RT-PCR method in the test. indicating that the established RT-PCR method could be aookued to the detection of L. acidophilus in fermented material.

Effects of exogenous enzymes, Lactobacillus acidophilus or their combination on feed performance response and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed sugarcane bagasse

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus（LAC）, exogenous enzymes of ZAD（exogenous enzyme preparation） or their combination on feed conversion, and dressing of rabbits fed different treatments of sugarcane bagasse（SCB）. Five rations were allotted randomly to five groups of New-Zealand White（NZW） rabbits（n=10） with initial live body weight of（838±42.4） g and 5 weeks of age. Rabbits were fed on diets with different sources of fiber as follows,（i） a control diet composed of 100% berseem hay and 0% SCB,（ii） 50% berseem hay and 50% untreated SCB（USCB）,（iii） 50% berseem hay and 50% SCB treated with L. acidophilus（LAC）,（iv） 50% berseem hay and 50% SCB treated with ZAD（ZAD）, and（v） 50% berseem hay and 50% SCB treated with a combination of LAC＋ZAD（LZ）. Treatments of SCB with L. acidophilus, ZAD and LAC＋ZAD had the highest feed conversion ratio than both USCB and control. The dressing percentage of rabbits that fed the LAC and LZ diets was higher（P〈0.05） compared with that in the other groups. Performance index（PI） for LAC group was improved（P〈0.05） compared to that for the other groups; however, PI for USCB group was the lowest（P〈0.05）. It could be concluded that treating SCB with L. acidophilus, exogenous enzymes of ZAD or their combination improved feed conversion and performance with more positive effects with L. acidophilus than the other treatments.

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a Dietary Supplement on Nonspecific Immune Response and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Common carp, Cyprinos carpio

Effects of diet fortified with Lactobacillus acidophilus at 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% on nonspecific immune response and disease resistant common carp juvenile infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophilla were examined. Immune response parameters （the total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine and immunoglobulin）, percentage mortality and relative protection level were determined on day 1 and days 14, 28, 42 and 56. Fish fed Lactobacilus acidophilus fortified diet significantly improved nonspecific immune parameters especially group treated with 0.4% inclusion with lower mortality rate indicating a better relative protection level against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophilla.

Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviates pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in rats

AIM To assess the therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus(LA) for the treatment of pouchitis in a rat model.METHODS Sprague Dawley rats underwent proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis followed by administration of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) to induce pouchitis. Rats with pouchitis were randomly divided into three groups: no intervention(NI), normal saline(NS, 3 m L/d normal saline for 7 d), and LA(3 m L/d LA at 1× 1010 colony-forming units for 7 d). General body condition was recorded and pouch specimens were obtained for histological examination. m RNA expression levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined by RT-PCR. Zonula occludens protein 1(ZO-1) levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS LA reduced weight loss associated with pouchitis(P < 0.05) and improved the symptoms of pouchitis in rats. Compared with the NI and NS groups, rats in the LAgroup showed earlier disappearance of hematochezia(6.17 ± 0.75, 6.50 ± 0.55, 3.17 ± 0.75, P < 0.05) and higher fecal scores(2.67 ± 0.48, 2.50 ± 0.51, 4.42 ± 0.50, respectively, P < 0.05). Histological scores were also lower in the LA group compared with the other two groups(7.17 ± 0.98, 8.00 ± 0.89, 4.00 ± 0.89, respectively, P < 0.05). m RNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly reduced, while IL-10 m RNA levels were significantly increased in the LA group(P < 0.05, respectively). ZO-1 protein levels were also significantly increased after administration of LA(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION LA alleviates pouchitis induced by DSS after ileal pouchanal anastomosis by decreasing pro-inflammatory factors and increasing anti-inflammatory factors, and restoring ZO-1 expression in the mucosa.

Survival of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus </i>in Fruit-Flavored Greek Yogurt Acid Whey

Greek yogurt has become much more popular within the last 15 to 20 years. The by-product of Greek yogurt manufacture is acid whey. Although acid whey has been considered a waste product, researchers are exploring various uses of this whey. Since the health benefits of consuming probiotics are widely known, one may propose adding probiotics to acid whey to form a probiotic beverage. Typically, probiotic bacteria do not thrive in acidic conditions. It would be beneficial to determine if the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus can survive in these acidic conditions. The objectives were to determine the growth of L. acidophilus in acid whey resulting from manufacturing Greek yogurt and to study any changes in apparent viscosity, pH, and titratable acidity over 4 weeks of refrigerated storage. Plain yogurt was manufactured, and whey was separated from plain yogurt to yield Greek yogurt and acid whey. Acid whey was batch pasteurized, cooled, sweetened, flavored with pineapple flavoring, inoculated with L. acidophilus, and stored at 4°C for 4 weeks. The log L. acidophilus counts progressively decreased from 7.84 immediately after manufacture to 2.06 at week 4. There were no significant changes in pH and titratable acidity of the pineapple-flavored probiotic acid whey over 4 weeks of storage, indicating product stability over shelf life. Viscosity changed over the storage time with minimum values at week 2 and maximum values at week 4. Although the counts declined over 4 weeks of storage, some L. acidophilus survived in the pineapple-flavored acid whey.

Antibiosis of Cefotaxime/Clindamycin and Lactobacillus acidophilus on Related Bacteria to Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic foot complications are very common and represent a serious health problem in Mexico because of their high frequency, high costs and difficulties in handling. The treatment of choice to inhibit bacteria related to diabetic foot ulcer consists mainly of the use of cefotaxime however the problem with this treatment (antibiotics) is not always effective due to the pathophysiological condition of the patient, together with the resistance bacteria develop to the drugs. OMS has suggested the use of probiotics for research directed to the development of microbial interference therapies. This project used the Lyophilized conditioned medium with probiotics, extracellulars of probiotics, because there are reports in which wound healing in mice is observed employing probiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of cefotaxime, clindamycin and thelyophilized conditioned media Lactobacillus acidophilus (LCMLa) on bacterias isolated from diabetic foot ulcer, this bioassay was performed by the turbidimetric method. The macroscopic analysis of the colonies was carried out and the morphological analysis of the bacteria was carried out using the atomic force microscope;in addition, the type of Gram and oxygen requirements for its growth were determined. From the diabetic foot ulcers, three strains were isolated, of which strain 1 and 3 whose morphology corresponds to a bacillus, was susceptible to cefotaxime and to the lyophilized conditioned medium of L. acidophilus. The potential of microbial interference that exhibits L. acidophilus on bacteria related to diabetic foot ulcer is demonstrated.

Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction(大承气汤)Combined with Lactobacillus Acidophilus Improves Gastrointestinal Function of Traumatic Brain-Injured Model Mice

Objective To investigate the effects of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction(DCQD,大承气汤)combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus(LA)on the recovery of gastrointestinal(GI)function in traumatic brain-injured(TBI)mice.Methods A total of 150 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-injury,normal saline(NS),DCQD(0.4 mL/day),LA(⩾1×1010 cfu/day LA),DCQD+LA(LA administration at the same dosage after 4 h of feeding DCQD),and½DCQD+LA groups(LA administration at the same dosage after 4 h of feeding½DCQD dose)by a random number table,5–8 mice in each group.The sever TBI model was constructed according to Feeney’s enhanced gravitational forces of free falling.On days 1,3,and 7 post-TBI,plasma diamine oxidase(DAO)and D-lactic acid levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Occludin expression in the intestinal epithelium was assessed by Western blot analysis.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe the morphological changes in the network structure of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)and change of enteric nervous system-ICC-smooth muscle cell(ENS-ICC-SMC).Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect changes in the network structure of the ICC.Results Compared with the NS group,occludin expression in the DCQD+LA group significantly increased on Day 1,3,and 7 post-TBI(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The concentration of DAO significantly decreased in the LA,DCQD,and DCQD+LA groups on Day 3 and 7,whilst the D-lactate concentrations in the LA and½DCQD+LA groups decreased on Day 1 and 3 post-injury(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The NS group experienced a great damage on the ENS-ICC-SMC network morphology and ICC network structure,and all treatment groups had some improvements,among which the DCQD+LA group presented relatively intact network morphology.Conclusions DCQD combined with LA treatment could effectively repair the intestinal mucosal barrier and improve GI motility in mice after TBI.The combination of DCQD and LA was more effective than their respective monotherapies.

Two stomach-originated lactobacillus strains improve Helicobacter pylori infected murine gastritis

AIM:To investigate the potential anti-Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori ) and anti-inflammation in vivo effects of two lactobacillus strains from human stomach.METHODS:Forty H.pylori infected Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics triple treated group,Lactobacillus fermenti(L.fermenti ) treated group,Lactobacillus acidophilus treated group and normal saline control group.Ten uninfected mice were also included as blank control group.The infection of H.pylori was detected by rapid urease tests,Giemsa staining and bacterial culture.The colonization of H.pylori was assessed in bacterial density score and gastric inflammation was assessed in histological score.The colonization of L.fermenti was performed by fluorescent probe.RESULTS:Histopathologic evaluation showed significant release of mucosal inflammation in gastric antrum and gastric body in lactobacillus treated groups and triple treated group.H.pylori eradication rate in both lactobacillus treated groups and triple treated group were higher than normal saline control group.Lactobacillus treated groups and triple treated group showed significant decrease of H.pylori bacterial density.CONCLUSION:Both lactobacillus strains have a significant anti-H.pylori activity;L.fermenti displays more efficient antagonistic activity in vivo against H.pylori infection.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Lactobaciluus acidophilus 01 strain and evaluation of its in vitro genomic DNA toxicity

Silver nanoparticles synthesized by dried biomass of Lactobaciluus acidophilus 01 strain was evaluated against toxicity of genomic DNA isolated from bacteria(E.coli) fungi(Beauveria bassiana) algae(Seenedesmus acutus) and human blood adopting standard condition was discussed in the present study.Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM.The UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed the formation of silver nanoparticles by yielding the typical silver plasmon absorption maxima at 430 nm and SEM micrograph indicates the uniform spherical particles within the size range of 45?60 nm.The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) of the nanoparticle confirmed the presence of elemental silver signal as strong peak.The above synthesized silver nanoparticles didn't cause any toxic effect on all the tested genomic DNA at all tested concentrations which reveals nil genomic nanoparticles induced toxicity.

In Vitro Assessment of Probiotic Potential of Lactobacilus acidophilus and Antagonistic Activity Against Escherichia coli O157:H7

The antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901, KLDS1.0902, KLDSI.1003 and NCFM against Escherichia coli O157 ： H7 were investigated in this study. The culture supematants of all the L. acidophilus stains showed high bacteriostatic activities against E. coli O 157 ： H7 and the bacteriostatic substances of their Cell-Free Supernatants （CFS） were preliminarily determined from organic acids. The bacteriostatic activity from CFS or viable L. acidophilus against E. coli O157 ： H7 was also assessed by using co-incubation methods, CFS had high bactericidal activity against E. coli O157 ： H7, no viable E. coli O157 ： H7 was detected when 5×10^7 CfU ofE. coli O157 ： H7 was added to 5 mL of CFS and incubated at 37℃ for 2 h. However, L. acidophilus themselves had no bacteriostatic activity after directly contacted with E. coli O157 ： H7. The inhibition E. coli O157 ： H7 adhesion and colonization of L. acidophilus were also investigated based on competition, exclusion and displacement assays. L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901, KLDSI.1003 and NCFM strains were effective to displace E. coli O157 ： H7 from a Caco-2 cell layer in competition and exclusion assays. However, in displacement assay, all of the strains showed no significant antagonistic activities. Meanwhile, the probiotic potential of L. acidophilus strains was investigated based on adhesion assay to Caco-2 cells and anti- inflammatory effects by IL-8 produced in Caco-2 cells. The adhesion ability and anti-inflammatory effects of L. acidophilus strains showed a strain-dependent manner. In general, L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0901 and NCFM showed better probiotic potential than KLDS1.0902 and KLDSI.1003. Thus, the use ofL. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 and NCFM to prevent or treat of diseases associated induced E. coli O157 ： H7 in vivo was suggested.

Microbiota modification by probiotic supplementation reduces colitis associated colon cancer in mice

AIM To investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer(CAC). METHODS C57 BL/6 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane(10 mg/kg), followed by three cycles of sodium dextran sulphate diluted in water(5% w/v). Probiotic group received daily a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacil us rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Microbiota composition was assessed by 16 Sr RNA Illumina Hi Seq sequencing. Colon samples were collected for histological analysis. Tumor cytokines was assessed by Real Time-PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction); and serum cytokines by Multiplex assay. All tests were two-sided. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Graphs were generated and statistical analysis performed using the software Graph Pad Prism 5.0. The project was approved by the institutional review board committee. RESULTS At day 60 after azoxymethane injection, the mean number of tumours in the probiotic group was 40% lower than that in the control group, and the probiotic group exhibited tumours of smaller size(< 2 mm)(P < 0.05). There was no difference in richness and diversity between groups. However, there was a significant difference in beta diversity in the multidimensional scaling analysis. The abundance of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Clostridium XI and Clostridium XVⅢ increased in the probiotic group(P < 0.05). The microbial change was accompanied by reduced colitis, demonstrated by a 46% reduction in the colon inflammatory index; reduced expression of the serum chemokines RANTES and Eotaxin; decreased p-IKK and TNF-α and increased IL-10 expression in the colon. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential chemopreventive effect of probiotic on CAC. Probiotic supplementation changes microbiota structure and regulates the inflammatory response, reducing colitis and preventing CAC.

n-Butanol Extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour: A Potent Spermicidal Agent In Vitro

Summary： Rhynchosia volubilis Lout has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection （STI） pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour （BERVL） as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibi- tory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Dietary synbiotic supplementation improves the growth performance,body antioxidant pool,serum biochemistry,meat quality,and lipid oxidative stability in broiler chickens

The present study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus(LBA)and mannan-oligosaccharides(MOS)supplementation on the production performance,serum biochemistry,antioxidant profile,health indices,meat quality,and lipid oxidative stability of broiler chicken.A total of 252 commercial broiler chickens at 1 d old of uniform body weight were randomly allocated to 6 maize-soybean-based dietary treatments:T1(control diet),T2(antibiotic bacitracin methylene di-salicylate[BMD]at 20 mg/kg diet),T3(MOS at 0.1%+LBA at 10^6 CFU/g feed),T4(MOS at 0.1%+LBA at 10^7 CFU/g feed),T5(MOS at 0.2%+LBA at10^6 CFU/g feed),and T6(MOS at 0.2%+LBA at 10^7 CFU/g feed).Each treatment was assigned to 6 replicates of 7 birds.The samples for meat quality and serum biochemistry analysis were taken from 12 birds per treatment(2 birds/replicate).The results revealed better(P<0.01)growth performance and production efficiency of birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented diet and BMD-supplemented birds superseded the control birds.Higher(P<0.01)serum and liver antioxidant enzyme activities,meat antioxidant capacity(2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid[ABTS]and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl[DPPH]assays),serum total protein,high-density lipoproteins(HDL)cholesterol(P<0.05),and globulin levels(P<0.01)were observed in birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented birds,whereas,lower lipid oxidation(P<0.01),cardiac risk ratio,atherogenic coefficient,atherogenic index of plasma,serum glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol levels(P<0.01),and serum albumin-to-globulin ratio(P<0.05)were observed in the chickens.The pH of meat from birds fed T4,T5 or T6 diet was lower(P<0.01)compared to control and other treatments.The extract release volume(ERV),water holding capacity(WHC),and protein content of meat were higher(P<0.05)in birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented birds.Thus,it was concluded that the supplementation of 0.2%MOS along with LBA at 10^6 CFU/g is optimum for better growth performance,serum biochemistry,antioxidant profile,health indices,meat quality,and lipid oxidative stability of broiler chickens.

Chemical analysis and flavour compound changes of vegetable blend slurry fermented with selected probiotic bacteria

A vegetable blend slurry consisting of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller),garlic (Allium sativum),ginger (Zingiber officinale),liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo L.) was used as a probiotic medium to evaluate the impact of probiotic fermentation on its chemical composition and flavour compound changes.Two commercial probiotic bacteria,Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis HN019 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14,were used for monoculture and coculture fermentation over 72 h.After fermentation,sugars,organic acids and amino acids changed differently due to differences in metabolic pathways.In addition,there was a significant decrease in organosulfur compounds (from 10.56 ± 0.98 mg/L to 6.14 ± 0.83 mg/L,7.80 ± 1.09 mg/L and 6.02 ± 0.61 mg/L for B.lactis HN019 monoculture,L.acidophilus La-14 monoculture,and coculture fermentation,respectively) and total phenolic contents (TPC,from 24.61 ± 1.23 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry extract (DE) to 16.29 ± 1.22 and 15.66 ± 1.03 mg GAE/g DE for L.acidophilus La-14 monoculture and coculture fermentation,respectively).Interestingly,no significant changes in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC),total dietary fibre content and fat content after fermentation.Coculture fermentation did not show any significant synergistic or antagonistic effect.Our results suggest that the vegetable blend and the bacterial strains used have potential to create a novel probiotic product.

Protective effect of probiotic diets on haematobiochemical and histopathology changes of Mystus montanus(Jerdon 1849)against Aeromonas hydrophila

Objectives:To evaluate the protective effct of probiotic diets on haemotobiochemical and histopathology changes of Mystus montanus against Aeromonas hydrophila(A.hydrophila).Methods:Three experimental groups of fish were fed with a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus(L.acidophilus)(Sporolac),comprising about 0.1 g,0.2 g and 0.3 g.Control group of fish were fed without L.acidophilus.After 60 d of feeding the fishes in experimental group were injected with 1 mL of A.hydrophila and were supplemented with probiotic diets.The control group fishes were injected with 1 mL of physiological saline solution alone.Results:Blood samples were collected for haematobiochemical analysis,while samples of the liver,and gills were examined for path histology after 7 d of infection.The result showed that the growth parameters,weight gain,specific growth rate were better in infected group maintained on the probiotic diet compared to those in control group.The haematology parameters,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,red blood cell,white blood cell,total serum protein,Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),Cl,glucose,cholesterol and total immunoglobulin concentration and the pathohistology of the liver,gills were better in the infected fish maintained on the probiotic diet than those in the group fed the control diet.Conclusions:The result of the present study showed that L.acidophilus is useful as a probiotic agent in Mystus montanus against A.hydrophila.