Amelioration of dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in mice by treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri:intraspecific and interspecific patterns

Lactobacillus rhamnosus(Rh)and Lactobacillus reuteri(Re)are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)research.The variations between these species’efficacy against colitis,and their model of action in this regard,are intriguing and enable treatment to be individually tailored to patients.In this study,four strains each of Rh and Re were isolated from fecal samples and their draft genomes were sequenced.The anti-colitis activities of both strains involved various aspects of intestinal immune,physical,chemical,and biological barrier function.Strikingly,the tested strains exhibited considerable interspecies and intraspecies specificity in colitis amelioration.Rh strains significantly outperformed Re strains in terms of short-chain fatty acid synthesis.Nevertheless,Re strains were more effective than Rh strains in inhibiting production of inflammatory factors;promoting production of intestinal mucus,antimicrobial peptides,and tight junction proteins;and supporting the stem cell compartment.This accounts for the anti-colitis outcomes of Re strains being superior to those of Rh strains.In addition,the effective Rh and Re strains were found to express high concentrations of specific carbohydrate metabolism-and prophage-related genes,respectively.Taken together,the results of this study could assist researchers in developing effective therapies for IBD.

Helicobacter pylori eradication: Sequential therapy and Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation

AIM:To evaluate the role of sequential therapy and Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri ) supplementation, in the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ). METHODS:H. pylori infection was diagnosed in 90 adult dyspeptic patients. Patients were excluded if previously treated for H. pylori infection or if they were taking a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), H2-receptor antagonist or antibiotics. Patients were assigned to receive one of the following therapies:(1) 7-d triple therapy (PPI plus clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole) plus L. reuteri supplementation dur- ing antibiotic treatment; (2) 7-d triple therapy plus L. reuteri supplementation after antibiotic treatment; (3) sequential regimen (5-d PPI plus amoxicillin therapy followed by a 5-d PPI, clarithromycin and tinidazole) plus L. reuteri supplementation during antibiotic treatment; and (4) sequential regimen plus L. reuteri supplementation after antibiotic treatment. Successful eradication therapy was defined as a negative urea breath test at least 4 wk following treatment. RESULTS:Ninety adult dyspeptic patients were en- rolled, and 83 (30 male, 53 female; mean age 57 ± 13 years) completed the study. Nineteen patients were administered a 7-d triple treatment:11 with L. reuteri supplementation during and 8 after therapy. Sixty-four patients were administered a sequential regimen:32 with L. reuteri supplementation during and 32 after therapy. The eradication rate was significantly higher in the sequential group compared with the 7-d triple regimen (88% vs 63%, P = 0.01). No difference was found between two types of PPI. No difference in erad- ication rates was observed between patients submitted to L. reuteri supplementation during or after antibiotic treatment. Compliance with therapy was excellent in all patients. No difference in adverse effects was observed between the different antibiotic treatments and between patients submitted to L. reuteri supplementation during and after antibiotic treatment. There was a low incidence of adverse effects in all groups of patients with sequential therapy, probably due to the presence of the L. reuteri supplementation. CONCLUSION:The sequential treatment regimen achieved a significantly higher eradication rate of H. pylori compared with standard 7-d regimen. L. reuteri supplementation could reduce the frequency and the intensity of antibiotic-associated side-effects.

Effects of drinking water supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri,and a mixture of reuterin and microcin J25 on the growth performance,caecal microbiota and selected metabolites of broiler chickens

Background:Since the overuse of antibiotics in animal production has led to a selection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that affect humans and animals as well.Scientists are therefore searching for novel natural alternatives to antibiotics.In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and a combination of reuterin and microcin J25(RJ)were evaluated as promoters of growth and modulators of the cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in broiler chickens.Oneday-old Cobb 500 male broilers were distributed to 8 treatments:negative control(without antibiotic),positive control(bacitracin),three concentrations of RJ and three doses of L.reuteri plus glycerol.The birds(2176,34 per pen,8 pens per treatment)were reared for 35 d.Results:The body weight of the bacitracin and 5 mmol/L reuterin combined with 0.08μmol/L microcin J25(10RJ)treatment group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group(P<0.05).L.reuteri had no significant effect on broiler growth.MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA showed clustering of cecal microbial operational taxonomic unit diversity according to treatment.The influence of bacitracin and 10RJ on bacterial community overall structure was similar.They promoted Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes,while the negative control condition favored Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae.Furthermore,10RJ increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the cecum and changed the metabolome overall.Conclusions:These overall suggest that 10RJ can promote a host-friendly gut environment by changing the cecal microbiome and metabolome.This combination of natural antimicrobial agents in the drinking water had a positive effect on broiler growth and may be suitable as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters.

以高嘌呤饮食评估罗伊氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus reuteri GKR1之降尿酸效果

近年来,高尿酸血症的盛行率居高不下,高嘌呤饮食为引起高尿酸血症之重要因素,高尿酸血症会增加罹患心血管疾病、糖尿病、肾脏病功能异常、高血压等疾病的机率,而降尿酸药物具有副作用,因此需开发替代治疗之策略。本试验先以体外试验筛选具有降尿酸潜力菌株,发现效果最佳菌株为Lactobacillus reuteri GKR1,再以高嘌呤饮食饲料评估Lactobacillus reuteri GKR1于小鼠之降尿酸效果,试验将ICR小鼠分为5组:正常对照组、负对照组、阳性对照组、低剂量GKR1组及高剂量GKR1组,连续14天将试验物质经管喂投予小鼠,在试验第7及第14天收集各组小鼠血清,分析尿酸(Uric acid)、尿素氮(BUN)与肌肝酸(Creatinine)含量,在试验第14天采集小鼠肝脏分析黄嘌呤氧化酶活性。实验结果显示,低、高剂量组GKR1可降低血清中尿酸、尿素氮含量,高剂量GKR1组显着减少肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,综合以上结果,GKR1具有开发为降尿酸保健食品之潜力。

Influence of Conditions on Reuterin Accumulation by the Resting Cell Biotransformation Process

3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde （3-HPA） is a potential valuable chemical and new broad-spectrum antim-icrobial substance. In order to improve the conversion of 3-HPA/glycerol, our work studied the two-step process from glycerol to 3-HPA, and investigated the influence of cell harvest time, glycerol concentration, biomass con-centration, pH and temperature on the production of 3-HPA by Lactobacillus reuteri CG001, respectively. The re-sults showed that molar conversion yield of 3-HPA/glycerol reached 97.9% under the condition that 200 mmol·L-1 glycerol was converted by 25.3 g·L-1 resting cell for 1 h at 30 ℃. The cells could not be reused directly because the L. reuteri almost lost its bioconversion activity completely, but the ability of glycerol conversion could gradually recover if the fresh medium was added to the deactivated cell for 4 h.