Lactobacillus rhamnosus(Rh)and Lactobacillus reuteri(Re)are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)research.The variations between these species’efficacy against colitis,and their model of act...Lactobacillus rhamnosus(Rh)and Lactobacillus reuteri(Re)are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)research.The variations between these species’efficacy against colitis,and their model of action in this regard,are intriguing and enable treatment to be individually tailored to patients.In this study,four strains each of Rh and Re were isolated from fecal samples and their draft genomes were sequenced.The anti-colitis activities of both strains involved various aspects of intestinal immune,physical,chemical,and biological barrier function.Strikingly,the tested strains exhibited considerable interspecies and intraspecies specificity in colitis amelioration.Rh strains significantly outperformed Re strains in terms of short-chain fatty acid synthesis.Nevertheless,Re strains were more effective than Rh strains in inhibiting production of inflammatory factors;promoting production of intestinal mucus,antimicrobial peptides,and tight junction proteins;and supporting the stem cell compartment.This accounts for the anti-colitis outcomes of Re strains being superior to those of Rh strains.In addition,the effective Rh and Re strains were found to express high concentrations of specific carbohydrate metabolism-and prophage-related genes,respectively.Taken together,the results of this study could assist researchers in developing effective therapies for IBD.展开更多
Lactobacillus rhamnosus and fructooligosaccharides(FOS)have been widely studied so far.However,the effects of L.rhamnosus on the intestinal microecological environment at the species level and the effect of different ...Lactobacillus rhamnosus and fructooligosaccharides(FOS)have been widely studied so far.However,the effects of L.rhamnosus on the intestinal microecological environment at the species level and the effect of different proportions of FOS on L.rhamnosus colonization in different parts of mice intestine are still unclear.The study results indicated that the specific bands of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)in the L.rhamnosus(LR)group significantly increased at 7 days.Although the number of bands was similar to the natural recovery(NR)group,the brightness of few bands significantly enhanced in the later stage of recovery.Besides,Southern-blot maps showed strong signals,indicating that the ERIC-PCR fingerprint could accurately reflect the changes in the mouse gut microbiota diversity.Further,the high-throughput results confirmed that the Lactobacillus and Akkermansia had different changes at different periods,but all of them showed an upward trend,while the Klebsiella were inhibited,thereby maintaining the intestinal microecology balance.Moreover,FOS exerted a positive effect on L.rhamnosus colonization in the gut.展开更多
Background:Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning,specifically diarrhea and vomiting.B.cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk,as it c...Background:Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning,specifically diarrhea and vomiting.B.cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk,as it cannot be inactivated by high-temperature short-time pasteurization.Therefore,B.cereus can enter the market through pasteurized milk and other dairy products,imposing enormous hidden dangers on food safety and human health.Results:In this study,B.cereus 2101(BC)was isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis.BC grew rapidly with strong hemolysis,making it difficult to prevent mastitis and ensure food security.MAC-T cells were treated with BC and/or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1(LGR-1).Pretreatment with LGR-1 protected the integrity of tight junctions and the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin destroyed by BC.Furthermore,LGR-1 pretreatment reduced the expression of NOD-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),caspase recruitment and activation domain(ASC),Caspase-1 p20,gasdermin D(GSDMD)p30,inflammatory factors(interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18),and cell death induced by BC.Moreover,LGR-1 pretreatment reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity and increased expressions of ZO-1 and occludin induced by lipopolysaccharides(LPS)+ATP stimulation.MAC-T cells were transfected with NLRP3 si RNA or MCC950 and/or treated with BC and/or LGR-1.NLRP3-si RNA transfection and MCC950 attenuated BC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity.Expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell death suggested that the inflammatory pathway might play an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome by BC and the protection of LGR-1.Conclusions:These results suggest that LGR-1 might be a probiotic alternative to antibiotics and could be administered to prevent mastitis in dairy cows,thus ensuring food security.展开更多
Background Salmonella typhimurium(S.T),as an important foodborne bacterial pathogen,can cause diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans and animals.Numerous studies have confirmed that exopolysaccharides(EPSs)have variou...Background Salmonella typhimurium(S.T),as an important foodborne bacterial pathogen,can cause diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans and animals.Numerous studies have confirmed that exopolysaccharides(EPSs)have various biological functions,but the mechanism through which EPSs improve the immunity of animals against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is unclear.Here,we explored the protective effect of EPSs of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG)on the S.T-infected intestine.Methods Mice received adequate food and drinking water for one week before the start of the experiment.After 7 d of prefeeding,2×108 CFU/mL S.T solution and an equivalent volume of saline(control group)were given orally for 1 d.On the fourth day,the mice were treated with 0.5 mg/mL EPSs,1.0 mg/mL EPSs,2.0 mg/mL EPSs,or 2.0 mg/mL penicillin for 7 d.Finally,the body and relative organ weight,histological staining,and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokines were determined.Results The S.T-infected mice exhibited symptoms of decreased appetite,somnolence,diarrhea and flagging spirit.Treatment with EPSs and penicillin improved the weight loss of the mice,and the high dose of EPSs showed the best therapeutic effect.EPSs significantly ameliorated S.T-induced ileal injury in mice.High-dose EPSs were more effective than penicillin for alleviating ileal oxidative damage induced by S.T.The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum of mice showed that the regulatory effects of EPSs on inflammatory cytokines were better than those of penicillin.EPSs could inhibit the expression and activation of key proteins of the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway and thereby suppress the level of S.T-induced ileal inflammation.Conclusions EPSs attenuate S.T-induced immune responses by inhibiting the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway.Moreover,EPSs could promote bacterial aggregation into clusters,which may be a potential strategy for reducing the bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of a low fermentable, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols diet (LFD) and the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Background: Deoxynivalenol(DON) is one of the most common environmental pollutants that induces intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG) is a probiotic that not only has anti-i...Background: Deoxynivalenol(DON) is one of the most common environmental pollutants that induces intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG) is a probiotic that not only has anti-inflammatory effects, but also shows protective effect on the intestinal barrier. However, it is still unknown whether LGG exerts beneficial effects against DON-induced intestinal damage in piglets. In this work, a total of 36 weaned piglets were randomized to one of four treatment groups for 21 d. The treatment groups were CON(basal diet);LGG(basal diet supplemented with 1.77 × 10^(11)CFU/kg LGG);DON(DON-contaminated diet) and LGG + DON(DON-contaminated diet supplemented with 1.77 × 10^(11)CFU/kg LGG).Result: Supplementation of LGG can enhance growth performance of piglets exposed to DON by improving intestinal barrier function. LGG has a mitigating effect on intestinal inflammation induced by DON exposure, largely through repression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, supplementation of LGG increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g., Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus_torques_group and Anaerofustis), and decreased the relative abundances of harmful bacteria(e.g., Parabacteroides and Ruminiclostridium_6), and also promoted the production of SCFAs.Conclusions: LGG ameliorates DON-induced intestinal damage, which may provide theoretical support for the application of LGG to alleviate the adverse effects induced by DON exposure.展开更多
AIM:To study the effects of live and dead Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(GG) on rotavirus infection in a neonatal rat model.METHODS:At the age of 2 d,suckling Lewis rat pups were supplemented with either live or dead GG a...AIM:To study the effects of live and dead Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(GG) on rotavirus infection in a neonatal rat model.METHODS:At the age of 2 d,suckling Lewis rat pups were supplemented with either live or dead GG and the treatment was continued daily throughout the experi-ment.At the age of 5 and 6 d the pups received oral rotavirus(RV) SA-11 strain.The pups were sacrificed at the age of 7 or 8 d by decapitation.The gastrointestinal tract was removed and macroscopic observations were done.The consistency of feces in the colon was classified using a four-tier system.RV was detected from the plasma,small intestine,colon and feces by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS:In this neonatal rat model,RV induced a mild-to-moderate diarrhea in all except one pup of the RV-inoculated rats.RV moderately reduced body weight development from day 6 onwards.On day 7,after 2 d of RV infection,live and dead GG groups gained significantly more weight than the RV group without probiotics [36%(P = 0.001) and 28%(P = 0.031),respectively].In addition,when compared with the RV control group,both live and dead GG reduced the weight ratio of colon/animal body weight to the same level as in the healthy control group,with reductions of 22%(P = 0.002) and 28%(P < 0.001),respectively.Diarrhea increased moderately in both GG groups.However,the diarrhea incidence and severity in the GG groups were not statistically significantly different as compared with the RV control group.Moreover,observed diarrhea did not provoke weight loss or death.The RV control group had the largest amount of RV PCR-positive samples among the RV-infected groups,and the live GG group had the smallest amount.Rats receiving live GG had significantly less RV in the colon(P = 0.027) when compared with the RV control group.Live GG was also more effective over dead GG in reducing the quantity of RV from plasma(P = 0.047).CONCLUSION:Both live and dead GG have beneficial effects in RV infection.GG may increase RV clearance from the body and reduce colon swelling.展开更多
Lactic acid is an important organic acid that is widely used in the food,pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industries.Lactic acid was produced from coffee ground waste which contains fermentable sugars and is increasingly g...Lactic acid is an important organic acid that is widely used in the food,pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industries.Lactic acid was produced from coffee ground waste which contains fermentable sugars and is increasingly generated from our daily dietary life.Among 114 strains of Lactobacillus species,Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863 was selected for the production of lactic acid from coffee ground waste.Through alkali pretreatment and saccharification,cellulose and hemicellulose in coffee ground waste were converted into fermentable sugars.Pretreatment experiments were conducted at various alkali solution,concentrations,and times.Alkali pretreatment with 35 g/L of KOH at 121oC for 60 min,the highest concentration of fermentable sugars was produced.The optimum concentration of Viscozyme L was 2%when saccharification was proceeded at 55oC for 7 days.The productivity of lactic acid fermentation was the highest(0.59 g/L/h)at 100 g of coffee ground waste(1x concentration),whereas the lactic acid concentration was the highest at 600 g of coffee ground waste(6x concentration).As the concentration of coffee ground increased,the lactic acid concentration was also increased,however,the amount was not proportional to the coffee ground waste used.In this study,it was found that coffee ground waste could be used as a culture medium for Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863 through pretreatment and saccharification for the production of lactic acid.展开更多
We evaluated the fermentation products, the gaseous and effluent losses of sugarcane silages without calcium oxide (CaO) or with CaO addition, at the levels of zero, 0.8%, 1.6% and 2.4%, in association with the microb...We evaluated the fermentation products, the gaseous and effluent losses of sugarcane silages without calcium oxide (CaO) or with CaO addition, at the levels of zero, 0.8%, 1.6% and 2.4%, in association with the microbial additive Lactobacillus buchneri inoculated at the levels of zero, 50.000, 100.000 e 150.000 ufc/g of sugarcane, wet bases. The variety RB855536, harvested after 12 months of first growth was used. The experiment design was the completely randomized design, in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. They were evaluated in the silages, the contents of volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, ethanol, and the pH, as well as the gaseous and effluent losses. In the analysis of the data, the SAS system was utilized. It was observed on interaction effect of the chemical and microbial additive over the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, ethanol and over the gaseous and effluents losses. However, there was no interaction effect regarding to pH. When it was observed on interaction effect of additives, the effects of the levels of one additive were evaluated by regression analysis in each level of each other, and vice-versa. The level 1.6% of CaO associated to the level 50,000 ufc/g of natural matter of Lactobacillus buchneri provided adequate levels of lactic acid (superior to 4.5%), and of acetic acid (around 1%), moderate content of propionic acid (0.55%), low content of butyric acid (0.05%) and controlled the production of ethanol and the gaseous and effluent losses. The pH of the silages were influenced by CaO addition, but were not affected consistently by microbial inoculation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of three weeks’ intervention with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria on global serum lipidomic profiles and evaluate whether the changes in inflammatory variables (CR...AIM: To investigate the effect of three weeks’ intervention with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria on global serum lipidomic profiles and evaluate whether the changes in inflammatory variables (CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) are reflected in the global lipidomic profiles of healthy adults. METHODS: We performed UPLC/MS-based global lipidomic platform analysis of serum samples (n = 26) in a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled 3-wk clinical intervention trial investigating the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in healthy adults. RESULTS: A total of 407 lipids were identified, corresponding to 13 different lipid classes. Serum samples showed decreases in the levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoGPCho), sphingomyelins (SM) and several glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPCho), while triacylglycerols (TAG) were mainly increased in the probiotic LGG group during the intervention. Among the inflammatory variables, IL-6 was moderatelyassociated by changes in global lipidomic profiles, with the top-ranked lipid associated with IL-6 being the proinflammatory LysoGPCho (20:4). There was a weak association between the lipidomic profiles and the two other inflammatory markers, TNF-α and CRP. CONCLUSION: This was the first study to investigate the effects of probiotic intervention on global lipidomic profiles in humans. There are indications that probiotic LGG intervention may lead to changes in serum global lipid profiles, as reflected in decreased GPCho, LysoGPCho and SM as well as mainly increased TAG.展开更多
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a reduced microbiome diversity which favours the skin colonization with pathogenic bacteria, mainly with Staphylococc...Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a reduced microbiome diversity which favours the skin colonization with pathogenic bacteria, mainly with Staphylococcus aureus. A novel approach to the management of several skin diseases, including AD, involves the use of specific beneficial probiotic bacteria aimed at restoring the skin microbiome balance and decreasing the skin colonization with pathogens. Objective: This study assessed the soothing efficacy and tolerability of a new probiotic-based skin care product combining two live Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and berry seed oils on eczematous lesions in subjects with atopic skin. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five adults with atopic skin and presenting at least one inflammatory lesion applied the product on the defined lesion for 28 days, once to twice daily. Severity of eczema signs (EASI score) and intensity of pruritus (VAS) were assessed, and digital images were captured following treatment. Cutaneous tolerability and subject satisfaction were also investigated. Results: A statistically significant decrease in mean EASI score was observed after 28 days (-27%, p = 0.011). A visible improvement in skin aspect was observed in 67% of the subjects on week 4. On average, the intensity of pruritus decreased by 57% as compared to baseline (p = 0.011). This effect was observed in 86% of the subjects. No relevant adverse reactions were observed following treatment with the skin care product and the majority of the subjects appreciated the product for its general characteristics, properties, and efficacy. Conclusion: The results suggest that this skin care product containing two live Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and berry seed oils could be used for the treatment of eczematous lesions in subjects with atopic skin.展开更多
The presence of Geotrichum candidum in fresh cheese is considered to be a contaminant and may lead to the product spoilage. The oxidative yeast Candida maltosa firstly isolated from the spoiled fruit yoghurt surface i...The presence of Geotrichum candidum in fresh cheese is considered to be a contaminant and may lead to the product spoilage. The oxidative yeast Candida maltosa firstly isolated from the spoiled fruit yoghurt surface in Slovakia belongs to the yeast contaminants of fermented dairy products. The effect of the cultivation temperature and the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the growth of dairy spoilage yeasts in ultrapasteurized milk was studied. Addition of Lb. rhamnosus GG in milk caused partial inhibition of the yeast growth dynamics in milk. The water activity transformation of Gibson model after the temperature modification (Tw) was applied to model growth dynamics of G. candidum in pure and mixed culture, respectively: In μ_Gc=-5.0376+2.7281 Tw-0.4217Tw^2, lnμ_CC_LGG=-6.0033+3.2996Tw-0.5553Tw^2. The effect of different Lb. rhamnosus GG addition and the incubation temperature on the C. maltosa growth dynamics was analyzed by linear regression methodology and described by using following equations: lnGr1=-5.3674+0.2341T+0.2599N0-0.0032T^2-0.0492N0^2-0.0068TN0 and lnGr11=-9.5457-0.249T+2.3823N0 +0.0099T^2-0.2324N0^2+0.0098TN0 Based on the principles of predictive microbiology, the mutual microbial interactions and potential application of the lactobacillus strains in food protection are discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide.In clinical trials,Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53013(LGG)has been used to treat diarrhea.However,recent randomized con...BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide.In clinical trials,Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53013(LGG)has been used to treat diarrhea.However,recent randomized controlled trials(RCTs)found no evidence of a beneficial effect of LGG treatment.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of LGG in treating acute diarrhea in children.METHODS The EMBASE,MEDLINE,PubMed,Web of Science databases,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to April 2019 for metaanalyses and RCTs.The Cochrane Review Manager was used to analyze the relevant data.RESULTS Nineteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria and showed that compared with the control group,LGG administration notably reduced the diarrhea duration[mean difference(MD)-24.02 h,95%confidence interval(CI)(-36.58,-11.45)].More effective results were detected at a high dose≥1010 CFU per day[MD-22.56 h,95%CI(-36.41,-8.72)]vs a lower dose.A similar reduction was found in Asian and European patients[MD-24.42 h,95%CI(-47.01,-1.82);MD-32.02 h,95%CI(-49.26,-14.79),respectively].A reduced duration of diarrhea was confirmed in LGG participants with diarrhea for less than 3 d at enrollment[MD-15.83 h,95%CI(-20.68,-10.98)].High-dose LGG effectively reduced the duration of rotavirus-induced diarrhea[MD-31.05 h,95%CI(-50.31,-11.80)]and the stool number per day[MD-1.08,95%CI(-1.87,-0.28)].CONCLUSION High-dose LGG therapy reduces the duration of diarrhea and the stool number per day.Intervention at the early stage is recommended.Future trials are expected to verify the effectiveness of LGG treatment.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant(LGG-s) on the expression of serotonin transporter(SERT) in rats with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS).METHODS Campylobacter jejuni 8...AIM To evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant(LGG-s) on the expression of serotonin transporter(SERT) in rats with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS).METHODS Campylobacter jejuni 81-176(1010 CFU/m L) was used to induce intestinal infection to develop a PI-IBS model. After evaluation of the post-infectious phase by biochemical tests, Dn A agarose gel electrophoresis, abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR) test, and the intestinal motility test, four PI-IBS groups received different concentrations of LGG-s for 4 wk. The treatments were maintained for 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 wk during the experiment, and the colons and brains were removed for later use each week. SERT m Rn A and protein levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS The levels of SERT m Rn A and protein in intestinal tissue were higher in rats treated with LGG-s than in control rats and PI-IBS rats gavaged with PBS during the whole study. Undiluted LGG-s up-regulated SERT m Rn A level by 2.67 times compared with the control group by week 2, and SERT m Rn A expression kept increasing later. Double-diluted LGG-s was similar to undiluted-LGG-s, resulting in high levels of SERT m Rn A. Triple-diluted LGG-s up-regulated SERT m Rn A expression level by 6.9-times compared with the control group, but SERT m Rn A expression decreased rapidly at the end of the second week. At the first week, SERT protein levels were basically comparable in rats treated with undiluted LGG-s, double-diluted LGG-s, and triplediluted LGG-s, which were higher than those in the control group and PBS-treated PI-IBS group. SERT protein levels in the intestine were also comparable in rats treated with undiluted LGG-s, double-diluted LGG-s, and triple-diluted LGG-s by the second and third weeks. SERT m Rn A and protein levels in the brain had no statistical difference in the groups during the experiment.CONCLUSION LGG-s can up-regulate SERT m Rn A and protein levels in intestinal tissue but has no influence in brain tissue in rats with PI-IBS.展开更多
A Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 strain isolated from the traditional Chinese pickles was used for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid(PLA), an important compound with antimicrobial activities against a wide species of...A Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 strain isolated from the traditional Chinese pickles was used for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid(PLA), an important compound with antimicrobial activities against a wide species of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. The growth performance of this strain in the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe(MRS) medium, the production of metabolites of valuable organic acids, and the biosynthesis of PLA using this strain as the whole-cell biocatalyst and phenylpyruvic acid(PPA) as the precursor, were investigated experimentally. The uniform design method with overlay sampling was developed for the optimization of the biotransformation conditions. The results showed that although it produced naturally lactic acid with the maximum concentration of 1.84 g·L^(-1) and PLA with the concentration of 0.015 g·L^(-1) after 66 to 72 h cultivation in MRS broth by fermentation, the present strain displayed an effective utilization ability by transforming PPA to PLA. By the uniform design method with overlay sampling for the design and optimization of transformation conditions, a maximum yield of 10.93 g·L^(-1) PLA with the mole conversion ratio of 83.07% from PPA to PLA was achieved under the optimized condition, i.e., 20 g·L^(-1) glucose, 270 g·L^(-1) cells, 13 g·L^(-1) PPA, pH 8.0 and the reaction time of 15 h, indicating that Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 was an interesting strain for the biosynthesis of PLA via the microbial transformation. The prediction of PLA yield under different conditions was achieved successfully based on the limited information of only a small number of experiments by the uniform design with overlay sampling. Therefore, the present methodology is effective and helpful for the optimization of the biosynthesis processes of PLA.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005,31820103010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP22006,JUSRP51501)the Program of Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province,Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_2391).
文摘Lactobacillus rhamnosus(Rh)and Lactobacillus reuteri(Re)are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)research.The variations between these species’efficacy against colitis,and their model of action in this regard,are intriguing and enable treatment to be individually tailored to patients.In this study,four strains each of Rh and Re were isolated from fecal samples and their draft genomes were sequenced.The anti-colitis activities of both strains involved various aspects of intestinal immune,physical,chemical,and biological barrier function.Strikingly,the tested strains exhibited considerable interspecies and intraspecies specificity in colitis amelioration.Rh strains significantly outperformed Re strains in terms of short-chain fatty acid synthesis.Nevertheless,Re strains were more effective than Rh strains in inhibiting production of inflammatory factors;promoting production of intestinal mucus,antimicrobial peptides,and tight junction proteins;and supporting the stem cell compartment.This accounts for the anti-colitis outcomes of Re strains being superior to those of Rh strains.In addition,the effective Rh and Re strains were found to express high concentrations of specific carbohydrate metabolism-and prophage-related genes,respectively.Taken together,the results of this study could assist researchers in developing effective therapies for IBD.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Hebei province(ZD2021059)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(19227134D)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province(C2016204129,C2017204094)the Food Processing Discipline Group of Hebei Agricultural University(Grant No.2021-08)。
文摘Lactobacillus rhamnosus and fructooligosaccharides(FOS)have been widely studied so far.However,the effects of L.rhamnosus on the intestinal microecological environment at the species level and the effect of different proportions of FOS on L.rhamnosus colonization in different parts of mice intestine are still unclear.The study results indicated that the specific bands of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)in the L.rhamnosus(LR)group significantly increased at 7 days.Although the number of bands was similar to the natural recovery(NR)group,the brightness of few bands significantly enhanced in the later stage of recovery.Besides,Southern-blot maps showed strong signals,indicating that the ERIC-PCR fingerprint could accurately reflect the changes in the mouse gut microbiota diversity.Further,the high-throughput results confirmed that the Lactobacillus and Akkermansia had different changes at different periods,but all of them showed an upward trend,while the Klebsiella were inhibited,thereby maintaining the intestinal microecology balance.Moreover,FOS exerted a positive effect on L.rhamnosus colonization in the gut.
基金the following funds:the National Key R&D Program of China(Project No.2017YFD0502200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31960721)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31873034)。
文摘Background:Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning,specifically diarrhea and vomiting.B.cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk,as it cannot be inactivated by high-temperature short-time pasteurization.Therefore,B.cereus can enter the market through pasteurized milk and other dairy products,imposing enormous hidden dangers on food safety and human health.Results:In this study,B.cereus 2101(BC)was isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis.BC grew rapidly with strong hemolysis,making it difficult to prevent mastitis and ensure food security.MAC-T cells were treated with BC and/or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1(LGR-1).Pretreatment with LGR-1 protected the integrity of tight junctions and the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin destroyed by BC.Furthermore,LGR-1 pretreatment reduced the expression of NOD-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),caspase recruitment and activation domain(ASC),Caspase-1 p20,gasdermin D(GSDMD)p30,inflammatory factors(interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18),and cell death induced by BC.Moreover,LGR-1 pretreatment reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity and increased expressions of ZO-1 and occludin induced by lipopolysaccharides(LPS)+ATP stimulation.MAC-T cells were transfected with NLRP3 si RNA or MCC950 and/or treated with BC and/or LGR-1.NLRP3-si RNA transfection and MCC950 attenuated BC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity.Expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell death suggested that the inflammatory pathway might play an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome by BC and the protection of LGR-1.Conclusions:These results suggest that LGR-1 might be a probiotic alternative to antibiotics and could be administered to prevent mastitis in dairy cows,thus ensuring food security.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030101,32272914)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1300700)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘Background Salmonella typhimurium(S.T),as an important foodborne bacterial pathogen,can cause diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans and animals.Numerous studies have confirmed that exopolysaccharides(EPSs)have various biological functions,but the mechanism through which EPSs improve the immunity of animals against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is unclear.Here,we explored the protective effect of EPSs of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG)on the S.T-infected intestine.Methods Mice received adequate food and drinking water for one week before the start of the experiment.After 7 d of prefeeding,2×108 CFU/mL S.T solution and an equivalent volume of saline(control group)were given orally for 1 d.On the fourth day,the mice were treated with 0.5 mg/mL EPSs,1.0 mg/mL EPSs,2.0 mg/mL EPSs,or 2.0 mg/mL penicillin for 7 d.Finally,the body and relative organ weight,histological staining,and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokines were determined.Results The S.T-infected mice exhibited symptoms of decreased appetite,somnolence,diarrhea and flagging spirit.Treatment with EPSs and penicillin improved the weight loss of the mice,and the high dose of EPSs showed the best therapeutic effect.EPSs significantly ameliorated S.T-induced ileal injury in mice.High-dose EPSs were more effective than penicillin for alleviating ileal oxidative damage induced by S.T.The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum of mice showed that the regulatory effects of EPSs on inflammatory cytokines were better than those of penicillin.EPSs could inhibit the expression and activation of key proteins of the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway and thereby suppress the level of S.T-induced ileal inflammation.Conclusions EPSs attenuate S.T-induced immune responses by inhibiting the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway.Moreover,EPSs could promote bacterial aggregation into clusters,which may be a potential strategy for reducing the bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of a low fermentable, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols diet (LFD) and the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(TD2019C001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20251)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030101).
文摘Background: Deoxynivalenol(DON) is one of the most common environmental pollutants that induces intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG) is a probiotic that not only has anti-inflammatory effects, but also shows protective effect on the intestinal barrier. However, it is still unknown whether LGG exerts beneficial effects against DON-induced intestinal damage in piglets. In this work, a total of 36 weaned piglets were randomized to one of four treatment groups for 21 d. The treatment groups were CON(basal diet);LGG(basal diet supplemented with 1.77 × 10^(11)CFU/kg LGG);DON(DON-contaminated diet) and LGG + DON(DON-contaminated diet supplemented with 1.77 × 10^(11)CFU/kg LGG).Result: Supplementation of LGG can enhance growth performance of piglets exposed to DON by improving intestinal barrier function. LGG has a mitigating effect on intestinal inflammation induced by DON exposure, largely through repression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, supplementation of LGG increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g., Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus_torques_group and Anaerofustis), and decreased the relative abundances of harmful bacteria(e.g., Parabacteroides and Ruminiclostridium_6), and also promoted the production of SCFAs.Conclusions: LGG ameliorates DON-induced intestinal damage, which may provide theoretical support for the application of LGG to alleviate the adverse effects induced by DON exposure.
基金Supported by Valio Ltd and the Finnish Funding Agency of Technology and InnovationThe Foundation for Nutrition Research has financially contributed to Liisa Lehtoranta’s doctoral studies
文摘AIM:To study the effects of live and dead Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(GG) on rotavirus infection in a neonatal rat model.METHODS:At the age of 2 d,suckling Lewis rat pups were supplemented with either live or dead GG and the treatment was continued daily throughout the experi-ment.At the age of 5 and 6 d the pups received oral rotavirus(RV) SA-11 strain.The pups were sacrificed at the age of 7 or 8 d by decapitation.The gastrointestinal tract was removed and macroscopic observations were done.The consistency of feces in the colon was classified using a four-tier system.RV was detected from the plasma,small intestine,colon and feces by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS:In this neonatal rat model,RV induced a mild-to-moderate diarrhea in all except one pup of the RV-inoculated rats.RV moderately reduced body weight development from day 6 onwards.On day 7,after 2 d of RV infection,live and dead GG groups gained significantly more weight than the RV group without probiotics [36%(P = 0.001) and 28%(P = 0.031),respectively].In addition,when compared with the RV control group,both live and dead GG reduced the weight ratio of colon/animal body weight to the same level as in the healthy control group,with reductions of 22%(P = 0.002) and 28%(P < 0.001),respectively.Diarrhea increased moderately in both GG groups.However,the diarrhea incidence and severity in the GG groups were not statistically significantly different as compared with the RV control group.Moreover,observed diarrhea did not provoke weight loss or death.The RV control group had the largest amount of RV PCR-positive samples among the RV-infected groups,and the live GG group had the smallest amount.Rats receiving live GG had significantly less RV in the colon(P = 0.027) when compared with the RV control group.Live GG was also more effective over dead GG in reducing the quantity of RV from plasma(P = 0.047).CONCLUSION:Both live and dead GG have beneficial effects in RV infection.GG may increase RV clearance from the body and reduce colon swelling.
文摘Lactic acid is an important organic acid that is widely used in the food,pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industries.Lactic acid was produced from coffee ground waste which contains fermentable sugars and is increasingly generated from our daily dietary life.Among 114 strains of Lactobacillus species,Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863 was selected for the production of lactic acid from coffee ground waste.Through alkali pretreatment and saccharification,cellulose and hemicellulose in coffee ground waste were converted into fermentable sugars.Pretreatment experiments were conducted at various alkali solution,concentrations,and times.Alkali pretreatment with 35 g/L of KOH at 121oC for 60 min,the highest concentration of fermentable sugars was produced.The optimum concentration of Viscozyme L was 2%when saccharification was proceeded at 55oC for 7 days.The productivity of lactic acid fermentation was the highest(0.59 g/L/h)at 100 g of coffee ground waste(1x concentration),whereas the lactic acid concentration was the highest at 600 g of coffee ground waste(6x concentration).As the concentration of coffee ground increased,the lactic acid concentration was also increased,however,the amount was not proportional to the coffee ground waste used.In this study,it was found that coffee ground waste could be used as a culture medium for Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863 through pretreatment and saccharification for the production of lactic acid.
文摘We evaluated the fermentation products, the gaseous and effluent losses of sugarcane silages without calcium oxide (CaO) or with CaO addition, at the levels of zero, 0.8%, 1.6% and 2.4%, in association with the microbial additive Lactobacillus buchneri inoculated at the levels of zero, 50.000, 100.000 e 150.000 ufc/g of sugarcane, wet bases. The variety RB855536, harvested after 12 months of first growth was used. The experiment design was the completely randomized design, in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. They were evaluated in the silages, the contents of volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, ethanol, and the pH, as well as the gaseous and effluent losses. In the analysis of the data, the SAS system was utilized. It was observed on interaction effect of the chemical and microbial additive over the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, ethanol and over the gaseous and effluents losses. However, there was no interaction effect regarding to pH. When it was observed on interaction effect of additives, the effects of the levels of one additive were evaluated by regression analysis in each level of each other, and vice-versa. The level 1.6% of CaO associated to the level 50,000 ufc/g of natural matter of Lactobacillus buchneri provided adequate levels of lactic acid (superior to 4.5%), and of acetic acid (around 1%), moderate content of propionic acid (0.55%), low content of butyric acid (0.05%) and controlled the production of ethanol and the gaseous and effluent losses. The pH of the silages were influenced by CaO addition, but were not affected consistently by microbial inoculation.
基金Valio Research Centre, the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES) the Research Council for Health of the Academy of Finland
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of three weeks’ intervention with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria on global serum lipidomic profiles and evaluate whether the changes in inflammatory variables (CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) are reflected in the global lipidomic profiles of healthy adults. METHODS: We performed UPLC/MS-based global lipidomic platform analysis of serum samples (n = 26) in a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled 3-wk clinical intervention trial investigating the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in healthy adults. RESULTS: A total of 407 lipids were identified, corresponding to 13 different lipid classes. Serum samples showed decreases in the levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoGPCho), sphingomyelins (SM) and several glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPCho), while triacylglycerols (TAG) were mainly increased in the probiotic LGG group during the intervention. Among the inflammatory variables, IL-6 was moderatelyassociated by changes in global lipidomic profiles, with the top-ranked lipid associated with IL-6 being the proinflammatory LysoGPCho (20:4). There was a weak association between the lipidomic profiles and the two other inflammatory markers, TNF-α and CRP. CONCLUSION: This was the first study to investigate the effects of probiotic intervention on global lipidomic profiles in humans. There are indications that probiotic LGG intervention may lead to changes in serum global lipid profiles, as reflected in decreased GPCho, LysoGPCho and SM as well as mainly increased TAG.
文摘Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a reduced microbiome diversity which favours the skin colonization with pathogenic bacteria, mainly with Staphylococcus aureus. A novel approach to the management of several skin diseases, including AD, involves the use of specific beneficial probiotic bacteria aimed at restoring the skin microbiome balance and decreasing the skin colonization with pathogens. Objective: This study assessed the soothing efficacy and tolerability of a new probiotic-based skin care product combining two live Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and berry seed oils on eczematous lesions in subjects with atopic skin. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five adults with atopic skin and presenting at least one inflammatory lesion applied the product on the defined lesion for 28 days, once to twice daily. Severity of eczema signs (EASI score) and intensity of pruritus (VAS) were assessed, and digital images were captured following treatment. Cutaneous tolerability and subject satisfaction were also investigated. Results: A statistically significant decrease in mean EASI score was observed after 28 days (-27%, p = 0.011). A visible improvement in skin aspect was observed in 67% of the subjects on week 4. On average, the intensity of pruritus decreased by 57% as compared to baseline (p = 0.011). This effect was observed in 86% of the subjects. No relevant adverse reactions were observed following treatment with the skin care product and the majority of the subjects appreciated the product for its general characteristics, properties, and efficacy. Conclusion: The results suggest that this skin care product containing two live Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and berry seed oils could be used for the treatment of eczematous lesions in subjects with atopic skin.
文摘The presence of Geotrichum candidum in fresh cheese is considered to be a contaminant and may lead to the product spoilage. The oxidative yeast Candida maltosa firstly isolated from the spoiled fruit yoghurt surface in Slovakia belongs to the yeast contaminants of fermented dairy products. The effect of the cultivation temperature and the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the growth of dairy spoilage yeasts in ultrapasteurized milk was studied. Addition of Lb. rhamnosus GG in milk caused partial inhibition of the yeast growth dynamics in milk. The water activity transformation of Gibson model after the temperature modification (Tw) was applied to model growth dynamics of G. candidum in pure and mixed culture, respectively: In μ_Gc=-5.0376+2.7281 Tw-0.4217Tw^2, lnμ_CC_LGG=-6.0033+3.2996Tw-0.5553Tw^2. The effect of different Lb. rhamnosus GG addition and the incubation temperature on the C. maltosa growth dynamics was analyzed by linear regression methodology and described by using following equations: lnGr1=-5.3674+0.2341T+0.2599N0-0.0032T^2-0.0492N0^2-0.0068TN0 and lnGr11=-9.5457-0.249T+2.3823N0 +0.0099T^2-0.2324N0^2+0.0098TN0 Based on the principles of predictive microbiology, the mutual microbial interactions and potential application of the lactobacillus strains in food protection are discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81330011
文摘BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide.In clinical trials,Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53013(LGG)has been used to treat diarrhea.However,recent randomized controlled trials(RCTs)found no evidence of a beneficial effect of LGG treatment.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of LGG in treating acute diarrhea in children.METHODS The EMBASE,MEDLINE,PubMed,Web of Science databases,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to April 2019 for metaanalyses and RCTs.The Cochrane Review Manager was used to analyze the relevant data.RESULTS Nineteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria and showed that compared with the control group,LGG administration notably reduced the diarrhea duration[mean difference(MD)-24.02 h,95%confidence interval(CI)(-36.58,-11.45)].More effective results were detected at a high dose≥1010 CFU per day[MD-22.56 h,95%CI(-36.41,-8.72)]vs a lower dose.A similar reduction was found in Asian and European patients[MD-24.42 h,95%CI(-47.01,-1.82);MD-32.02 h,95%CI(-49.26,-14.79),respectively].A reduced duration of diarrhea was confirmed in LGG participants with diarrhea for less than 3 d at enrollment[MD-15.83 h,95%CI(-20.68,-10.98)].High-dose LGG effectively reduced the duration of rotavirus-induced diarrhea[MD-31.05 h,95%CI(-50.31,-11.80)]and the stool number per day[MD-1.08,95%CI(-1.87,-0.28)].CONCLUSION High-dose LGG therapy reduces the duration of diarrhea and the stool number per day.Intervention at the early stage is recommended.Future trials are expected to verify the effectiveness of LGG treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81570489
文摘AIM To evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant(LGG-s) on the expression of serotonin transporter(SERT) in rats with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS).METHODS Campylobacter jejuni 81-176(1010 CFU/m L) was used to induce intestinal infection to develop a PI-IBS model. After evaluation of the post-infectious phase by biochemical tests, Dn A agarose gel electrophoresis, abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR) test, and the intestinal motility test, four PI-IBS groups received different concentrations of LGG-s for 4 wk. The treatments were maintained for 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 wk during the experiment, and the colons and brains were removed for later use each week. SERT m Rn A and protein levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS The levels of SERT m Rn A and protein in intestinal tissue were higher in rats treated with LGG-s than in control rats and PI-IBS rats gavaged with PBS during the whole study. Undiluted LGG-s up-regulated SERT m Rn A level by 2.67 times compared with the control group by week 2, and SERT m Rn A expression kept increasing later. Double-diluted LGG-s was similar to undiluted-LGG-s, resulting in high levels of SERT m Rn A. Triple-diluted LGG-s up-regulated SERT m Rn A expression level by 6.9-times compared with the control group, but SERT m Rn A expression decreased rapidly at the end of the second week. At the first week, SERT protein levels were basically comparable in rats treated with undiluted LGG-s, double-diluted LGG-s, and triplediluted LGG-s, which were higher than those in the control group and PBS-treated PI-IBS group. SERT protein levels in the intestine were also comparable in rats treated with undiluted LGG-s, double-diluted LGG-s, and triple-diluted LGG-s by the second and third weeks. SERT m Rn A and protein levels in the brain had no statistical difference in the groups during the experiment.CONCLUSION LGG-s can up-regulate SERT m Rn A and protein levels in intestinal tissue but has no influence in brain tissue in rats with PI-IBS.
基金Supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576240)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ14B060001,LY16B060011)
文摘A Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 strain isolated from the traditional Chinese pickles was used for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid(PLA), an important compound with antimicrobial activities against a wide species of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. The growth performance of this strain in the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe(MRS) medium, the production of metabolites of valuable organic acids, and the biosynthesis of PLA using this strain as the whole-cell biocatalyst and phenylpyruvic acid(PPA) as the precursor, were investigated experimentally. The uniform design method with overlay sampling was developed for the optimization of the biotransformation conditions. The results showed that although it produced naturally lactic acid with the maximum concentration of 1.84 g·L^(-1) and PLA with the concentration of 0.015 g·L^(-1) after 66 to 72 h cultivation in MRS broth by fermentation, the present strain displayed an effective utilization ability by transforming PPA to PLA. By the uniform design method with overlay sampling for the design and optimization of transformation conditions, a maximum yield of 10.93 g·L^(-1) PLA with the mole conversion ratio of 83.07% from PPA to PLA was achieved under the optimized condition, i.e., 20 g·L^(-1) glucose, 270 g·L^(-1) cells, 13 g·L^(-1) PPA, pH 8.0 and the reaction time of 15 h, indicating that Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 was an interesting strain for the biosynthesis of PLA via the microbial transformation. The prediction of PLA yield under different conditions was achieved successfully based on the limited information of only a small number of experiments by the uniform design with overlay sampling. Therefore, the present methodology is effective and helpful for the optimization of the biosynthesis processes of PLA.