Lacunar infarction with leukoaraiosis may aggravate cognitive dysfunction

This study semi-quantitatively analyzed the effects of leukoaraiosis.Patients with moderate or severe lacunar infarction were found to exhibit low scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale （F=12.02,P=0.000）,and prolonged P300 Cz2.0 latency （F=16.04,P=0.000）.Correlation analysis revealed that the occurrence of leukoaraiosis was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores （r=-0.416,P=0.000）,and positively correlated with P300 Cz2.0 latency （r=0.538,P=0.000）.These findings indicate that leukoaraiosis aggravates cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarction,such that more severe leukoaraiosis is associated with more severe cognitive decline.

Sodium ozagrel and atorvastatin for type 2 diabetes patients with lacunar cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND The main pathological factor of cerebral infarction is atherosclerosis,which is the pathological process of chronic inflammatory diseases such as vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia,inflammatory cell infiltration,extracellular matrix increase,and thrombosis.At present,the focus of clinical treatment is anti-platelet aggregation and improving blood status,and current research is limited to improving symptoms only.AIM To observe the effect of sodium ozagrel and atorvastatin on type 2 diabetes patients with lacunar cerebral infarction.METHODS Eighty-two patients with type 2 diabetes and lacunar cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to February 2020 were equally categorized into two groups according to their treatment method.The control group was administered atorvastatin,and the observation group was administered sodium ozagrel combined with atorvastatin.The National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score,activities of daily living(ADL)score,blood glucose,lipid levels,inflammatory factors,high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)levels,paraoxonase-1(PON-1)levels,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)levels were recorded before and after treatment.The total effective rate and adverse reaction rate of the two groups were analyzed.RESULTS The total effective rate of the observation group(94.00%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(80.00%)(χ2=3.998;P=0.046).The blood glucose indexes,total cholesterol levels,triglyceride levels,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels,interleukin-1βlevels,tumor necrosis factor-αlevels,HMGB1 Levels,ESR,MIF levels,platelet aggregation rates,and plasma viscosity of the two groups decreased after treatment;however,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and PON-1 Levels increased after treatment.After treatment,the blood glucose indexes;blood lipid indexes;inflammatory factors;HMGB1,PON-1,and MIF levels;ESR;platelet aggregation rate;and plasma viscosity of the observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,all patients in the observation group had higher ADL scores and lower NIHSS scores than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Sodium ozagrel with atorvastatin can reduce inflammatory reactions;regulate ESR and HMGB1,PON-1,and MIF levels;control blood glucose and lipid indexes;and alleviate nerve injury without increasing adverse effects of atorvastatin alone.

Correlation of ischemic ophthalmopathy with lacunar infarction

AIM:To investigate the correlation of ischemic ophthalmopathy(IO)with lacunar infarction(LI),an ischemic lesions in the cerebrovascular system.METHODS:Totally 204 cases of IO without any nervous system symptom and previously diagnosed LI served as the observational group.All 204 cases without IO,nervous system symptoms and previous LI served as the control group.Age and sex between the two groups matched well.LI was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and the results of the two groups were statistically analyzed and compared.RESULTS:IO included 174 eyes of 156 patients with non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION),42 eyes of 36 patients with central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)or branch retinal artery occlusion(BRAO)and 12 eyes of 12 patients with ocular ischemia syndrome(OIS).The detection rate of LI(72.54%)in IO group was obviously higher than that(15.68%)in the control group(P<0.001).IO was positively correlated with LI(r=0.573,P<0.05).In addition,most infarction sites located in the basal ganglia(67.57%),which were not the vital areas of cerebrum and not easy to be found due to their small size.The majority of those first visited IO patients(72.54%)without nervous system symptom and previously diagnosed LI had already suffered from LI.CONCLUSION:According to our studies,there is a positive correlation between IO and LI.IO can be used as an important predictor for the present of LI,especially obvious signs of the patient.

Association of ALOX5AP and PDE4D with the risk of lacunar infarct in people from Jiangsu Province,China

The genes for 5-1ipoxygenase activating protein （ALOX5AP） and phosphodiesterase 4D （PDE4D） have been demonstrated as susceptibility genes for lacunar in the Icelandic and Pakistani populations, but little is known about the role of these genes in Chinese populations. The present study utilized polymerase chain reaction and ligase detection reaction to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in 280 consecutive stroke patients and 258 unrelated population-based controls from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. The allele frequency, genotypes, and haplotypes of the two SNPs （rs456009 and rs966221） in PDE4D were similar between the two groups. However, A allele frequency of rs4073259 （A/G） and rs4769055 （A/C） in the ALOX5AP gene exhibited differences in two groups, and especially the haplotype of the SNP was significantly different between the two groups. Results suggested that the ALOX5AP gene might be involved in lacunar infarct, while PDE4D gene was not a risk factor for lacunar infarct in individuals from Jiangsu Province, China.

Correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts

Objective To study the relationships between cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts and quantitative CT measures and to determine the independent correlative factors of cognitive impairment.Methods Neuropsychological examination was conducted for 128 patients with acute lacunar infarct.Number,location,and volume of infarcts,cerebral atrophy index and severity of white matter lesions(WMLs) were measured and recorded.Results The number of lacunar infarcts in cognitive impairment (CI) group was significantly larger than that in cognitive normal(CN) group.Mean width of sulcus and sylvian fissure,index of frontal horn and ventricular-brain ratio(VBR) were significantly different in both groups.There were more patients with 3 grades or 4 grades WMLs in CI group(62%) than those in CN group(22%).The total volume of lacunar infarcts showed no statistically significant difference.Logistic regression analysis indicated that the number of lacunar infarcts in frontal subcortex and thalamus,the volume of infarcts in anterior periventricular white matter,width of cerebral sulcus and sylvian fissure were correlated with cognitive impairment respectively.Additionally,age and education were correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarct.Conclusion Correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarct are not merely one feature,but a combination of infarct features(number,location,and volume),cortical atrophy and host factors(age and education).

The relation between prognosis and nocturnal blood pressure variation in hypertensive patients with lacunar infarct

Objective We conducted a study using MRI and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM) to determine whether an in-apporpriately low nocturnal blood pressure, or an excess fall in nocturnal blood pressure, might be responsible for lacunar infarct. Method ABPM and Casul blood pressure(CBP) were examined in 35 hypertentives with lacunar infarct(LI)and 33 hypertentives without lacunar infarct as control group. Results There is no significant difference of CBP between two groups. But the mean nighttime systolic blood pressure (nSBP) and diastolic blood pressure (nDBP) in patients with lacunar infarct were significantly smaller than in patients without lacunar infarct. The ratio of nSBP/dSBP and nDBP/dDBP in SI were smaller than in control group respectively. Conclusions The results indicate that an inap-propriately low nocturnal blood pressure, or an excessive fall in nocturnal blood pressure, is associated with lacunar infarct. It is necessary not only to control high blood pressure but also to pay attention to circadian changes of blood pressure during the course of anti-hypertensive treatment.

基于肠道菌群代谢产物的变化探讨芪苈强心胶囊改善心肌纤维化的机制

目的从肠道菌群代谢产物氧化三甲胺(TMAO)、脂多糖(LPS)的变化角度探讨芪苈强心胶囊对心肌梗死后大鼠心肌纤维化的影响和作用机制。方法将60只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、芪苈强心高剂量组(1.0 g/kg)、芪苈强心中剂量组(0.5 g/kg)、芪苈强心低剂量组(0.25 g/kg)、培哚普利组(0.84 mg/kg),每组10只。造模时死亡13只,灌胃时死亡5只,最终假手术组8只,模型组8只,芪苈强心高剂量组7只,芪苈强心中剂量组6只,芪苈强心低剂量组7只,培哚普利组6只。超声心动图检测各组大鼠的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVEDS),苏木精-伊红染色检测心肌与回肠组织的病理形态,Masson染色检测心肌纤维化程度,计算心肌胶原容积分数(CVF),液相色谱-质谱法检测血浆TMAO的含量,酶联免疫吸附测定可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(sST2)和LPS的含量。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠LVFS、LVEF显著降低,LVEDD、LVEDS、sST2、TMAO、LPS显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,芪苈强心高、中、低剂量组及培哚普利组大鼠LVFS、LVEF显著升高,芪苈强心高剂量组大鼠血浆sST2浓度[(2025.45±413.13)pg/ml vs(2800.86±208.64)pg/ml]、血浆TMAO含量[(351.68±129.01)ng/ml vs(641.41±188.44)ng/ml]、血浆LPS浓度[(420.22±62.32)EU/L vs(594.62±83.40)EU/L]显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论芪苈强心胶囊可能通过抑制肠道菌群代谢产物TMAO、LPS改善心肌纤维化,具体机制还需进一步探究。

腔隙性脑梗死合并脑微出血的危险因素与脑白质病变的相关性

目的 探讨腔隙性脑梗死(LI)合并脑微出血(CMBs)的危险因素及与脑白质病变(WML)的关系。方法 于2020年3月至2022年6月在海南省老年病医院收集LI患者134例,根据磁敏感加权成像(SWI)检测CMBs,分为CMBs组(49例)和非CMBs组(85例),利用脑白质病变量表评分(WMLs)分析LI患者脑白质病情情况与CMBs相关性,采用Logistic回归模型分析LI患者并发CMBs的危险因素。结果 134例LI患者合并CMBs发生率为36.57%(49/134例)。CMBs组WML发生率、WMLs评分明显高于非CMBs组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血尿酸、高血压史、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、WML发生率和WMLs评分是LI患者发生CMBs的独立影响因素。且CMBs病灶数量与WMLs评分存在明显正相关(r=0.412,P<0.05)。结论 LI患者发生CMBs发生影响因素众多,控制血压、血脂水平以及降低血尿酸对于预防LI患者发生CMBs具有重要意义,且脑白质病变程度与CMBs严重程度紧密相关。

儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎致不同类型脑梗死3例

总结3例儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎致腔隙性脑梗死、大脑中动脉下干梗死、分水岭脑梗死的患儿临床特征及诊治结局。3例患儿均因发热、咳嗽为主诉收入院。住院期间出现活动不利等神经系统症状,完善头部影像学后确诊为脑梗死。病例1,男,5岁,腔隙性脑梗死同时合并有心房血栓及上肢动脉血栓。病例2,男,5岁,大脑中动脉下干梗死;病例3,女,4岁,分水岭脑梗死。病例2、3在行纤维支气管镜后出现神经系统症状。3例患儿D-二聚体水平均异常升高。肺炎支原体感染急性期可致各种类型脑梗死,不同类型脑梗死存在不同的致病机制。肺炎支原体肺炎诊疗过程中需检测D-二聚体水平、及时完善心脏超声,术前注意患儿出入量及灌注水平,避免脑梗死的发生。

多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的发生情况及影响因素分析

目的探讨多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的独立风险因素。方法采用回归分析研究多发腔隙性脑梗死患者的年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、民族、吸烟史、饮酒史、运动状况、饮食状况、家族痴呆史、家族高血压史、家族脑卒中史、家族糖尿病史、合并心脏病、合并高血压、合并高血脂、合并糖尿病、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分对多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的影响。结果450例患者中40例(8.89%)发生血管性认知障碍。年龄、婚姻状况、运动状况、家族痴呆史、家族脑卒中史、合并高血压、合并高血脂、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分是多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的独立风险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、婚姻状况、运动状况、家族痴呆史、家族脑卒中史、合并高血压、合并高血脂、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分对多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的发生有显著影响,应在临床实践中加以重视,以制定有效的干预措施。

弓状束微结构改变对轻度认知功能影响的DTI研究

目的 基于磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)技术探讨弓状束走行区域内腔隙性脑梗死患者的弓状束微结构改变对轻度认知功能的影响。方法 选择2022年9月至2023年6月双鸭山市人民医院收治的弓状束走行区域内腔隙性脑梗死患者64例,根据蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表评分将其分为轻度认知障碍(MCI)组(MoCA量表评分≥16分且<26分,35例)和非MCI组(MoCA量表评分≥26分,29例)。于同期纳入年龄、性别、受教育年限与患者相匹配的20名健康体检者作为对照组。研究对象均行核磁头部平扫加DTI检查,比较MCI组和非MCI组不同病灶数同侧弓状束DTI弥散指标水平和MoCA量表评分情况。结果 MCI组病灶数N<2者,左侧弓状束各向异性分数(FA)水平和MoCA量表评分高于2≤N<4者及N≥4者,右侧弓状束MoCA量表评分高于2≤N<4者及N≥4者;病灶数2≤N<4者,左侧、右侧弓状束MoCA量表评分均高于N≥4者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非MCI组病灶数N<2者,左侧、右侧弓状束FA水平均高于N≥4者,MD水平均低于N≥4者,且左侧弓状束MoCA量表评分高于2≤N<4者及N≥4者,右侧弓状束MoCA量表评分高于N≥4者;病灶数2≤N<4者,左侧、右侧弓状束MD水平均低于N≥4,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 腔隙性脑梗死患者弓状束微结构改变与MCI有关,腔隙性脑梗死病灶数量越多,FA水平越低,弓状束损伤越严重,MoCA量表评分越低。对弓状束走行区域内的腔隙性脑梗死患者行核磁头部平扫加DTI检查弓状束微结构改变并结合MoCA量表评分可以作为评估MCI及预防阿尔茨海默病(AD)的重要方法。

脑小血管病影像学标志物与认知功能障碍相关性研究进展

脑小血管疾病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)的部分患者会出现认知功能下降并可能进展为痴呆,严重降低患者的生活质量。目前关于CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能障碍的相关性研究表明,脑白质高信号、血管周围间隙扩大、脑微出血、腔隙性脑梗死的分布位置、严重程度对各认知域产生不同影响,CSVD导致的认知功能障碍可能与炎症因子间接影响和脑组织纤维束破坏等机制相关。但CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能的关系及其相关机制还需要更进一步研究加以验证。

李军教授四期辨证治疗急性心肌梗死的经验总结

急性心肌梗死(Acute myocardial infarction,AMI)发病率和病死率日趋升高,严重危害我国人民的身体健康。中医药对于改善AMI患者的症状、提高生活质量、改善预后颇具特色。李军教授认为,AMI病因包括外邪侵袭、情志过极、年老体虚、饮食不节,总体为本虚标实之证,本虚以心之气虚、阴阳亏虚为主,标实为痰、瘀、热、滞、饮停留。提出“四期辨证治疗”理论,分别总结急性期、亚急性期、陈旧期及终末期患者病机特点、症状、治法及方药。

海南汉族和黎族人群PCSK9基因E670G多态性与急性心肌梗死的相关性

目的研究海南地区黎、汉族人群PCSK9基因E670G多态性与急性心肌梗死的相关性,为不同种族人群心肌梗死的预防、治疗提供科学基础依据。方法选取海南地区急性心肌梗死患者210例(黎族104例,汉族106例)为实验组、健康人群223名(黎族110名,汉族113名)为对照组,测定两组研究对象血清三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)浓度,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction linked restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)检测PCSK9基因E670G酶切位点多态性。结果心肌梗死组患者血压、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、TG、TC、LDL-C浓度高于健康对照组,HDL-C浓度低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心肌梗死组患者PCSK9基因AG、GG基因型频率及G等位基因频率高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。黎族、汉族心肌梗死组患者AG、GG基因型频率、G等位基因频率均高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。黎族心肌梗死组患者GG基因型频率、G等位基因频率低于汉族心肌梗死组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。黎族、汉族健康对照组GG基因型频率、G等位基因频率比较,差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。心肌梗死组中GG基因型患者的TG、TC、LDL-C浓度高于AA基因型;AG与AA、GG与AG基因型患者间TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C浓度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与AA基因型相比,G等位基因携带者有较高的TG、TC、LDL-C浓度趋势。结论海南地区黎、汉族人群PCSK9基因E670G多态性与急性心肌梗死及血脂浓度密切相关;海南地区黎、汉族人群急性心肌梗死患者PCSK9基因E670G多态性存在差异。

铜砭刮痧技术治疗腔隙性脑梗死的效果分析

目的分析铜砭刮痧技术治疗腔隙性脑梗死的效果。方法选取113例腔隙性脑梗死患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组56例和观察组57例。对照组予以常规西医治疗,观察组采用铜砭刮痧技术辅助西医治疗。比较两组的神经功能、脑血流动力学改善情况、认知功能评分及认知障碍发生情况。结果治疗1、2个疗程后,观察组的NIHSS均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗2个疗程后,观察组的脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)均高于对照组,血管阻力指数(RI)低于对照组(P<0.05);简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);认知障碍发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论铜砭刮痧技术能有效改善腔隙性脑梗死患者的神经功能及脑血流动力学,对促进认知功能恢复并降低认知障碍发生风险均有积极意义。

Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension

Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.

电针患侧曲池、阳陵泉穴对脑梗死后肢体痉挛大鼠的影响与机制研究

目的 观察电针患侧曲池、阳陵泉穴对脑梗死后肢体痉挛(PSS)大鼠皮质损伤及血清炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、谷氨酸(Glu)、丙二醛(MDA)、核黄素激酶(RFK)和还原性辅酶氧化酶2(NOX2)表达的影响,探讨电针治疗缺血性脑卒中后脑损伤的机制。方法 选择SPF级健康成年SD雄性大鼠30只,采用随机数字表法分为假手术组与造模组,每组10、20只。造模组采用Zea-Longa线栓法联合内囊注射N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)制备PSS大鼠模型。造模成功后,造模组按随机数字表法分为模型组、电针组,每组10只。模型组采用鼠板固定大鼠,但不进行干预;电针组接受电针干预,穴位选择患侧阳陵泉穴(左)、曲池穴(左),每穴直刺1针,电针波型:密波;频率:100 Hz,强度以大鼠肢体轻微抖动为度,30 min/次,1次/d,连续治疗7 d。分别于造模第1天和治疗第7天采用Zea-Longa神经功能评分评估大鼠神经功能受损程度;分别于造模第2天和治疗第7天采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评分评估大鼠患侧肢体肌张力;采用HE染色观察大脑皮质的病理学改变;行为学测试完毕后,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测MDA、Glu含量和大脑皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量;采用Western blot法分析RFK、NOX2蛋白表达水平;采用RT-PCR法分析RFK、NOX2 mRNA转录水平。结果 (1) Zea-Longa神经功能、MAS评分:与治疗前比较,电针组治疗后Zea-Longa神经功能、MAS评分均明显降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组、电针组治疗前Zea-Longa神经功能、MAS评分均明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组治疗后Zea-longa神经功能、MAS评分均明显降低(P<0.05)。(2)脑组织病理学改变:模型组可见脑组织水肿,胞核深染,形态不规则、固缩、空泡变性,炎性细胞浸润等病理学改变;与模型组比较,电针组脑组织病变改善,神经元损伤程度减轻,可见较多正常细胞,细胞轮廓清晰,炎性细胞数量减少。(3)缺血侧皮质TNF-α、IL-6、Glu、MDA含量:与假手术组比较,模型组、电针组TNF-α、IL-6、Glu、MDA含量明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组TNF-α、IL-6、Glu、MDA含量明显降低(P<0.05)。(4) RFK、NOX2蛋白表达水平和RFK、NOX2 mRNA转录水平:与假手术组比较,模型组RFK、NOX2蛋白表达水平和RFK、NOX2 mRNA转录水平明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组干预后RFK、NOX2蛋白表达水平和RFK、NOX2mRNA转录水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 电针可以改善PSS大鼠神经功能损伤和肢体痉挛状态,其作用机制可能与下调皮质Glu含量,减少炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6分泌,抑制RFK、NOX2表达,降低氧化应激水平有关。

3例伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病影像学表现

目的:分析伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infacts and leukoencephalopathy,CADASIL)影像学演变过程。方法:收集经基因检测确诊的3例CADASIL患者影像学检查资料,分析颅脑磁共振病变演变过程。结果:CADASIL患者MRI主要显示白质高信号(White matter hyperintensities,WMH)、腔隙性梗死、微出血、脑萎缩。本文患者WMH病变双侧对称分布,颞极和外囊是WMH的好发部位,颞极病变出现早于外囊,但病变以侧脑室旁和半卵圆中心最严重,随着病情进展,病变由多灶性分布进展为弥漫性分布;腔隙性梗死好发部位为丘脑、基底节区、外囊、半卵圆中心等部位。结论:CADASIL患者磁共振出现病灶可早于临床表现数年,甚至数十年;出现白质高信号病变早于腔隙性梗死,颞极病灶在MRI中出现最早,且具有很强的特异性。

多发腔隙性脑梗死患者抑郁症状与睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律的关系

目的:探讨多发腔隙性脑梗死(MLI)患者抑郁症状与睡眠觉醒昼夜节律的关系。方法:选取2020年12月至2021年12月某院住院治疗的MLI患者277例,根据DSM-5卒中后抑郁症状的诊断标准和Zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,分为MLI抑郁症状(PSD)组和MLI无抑郁症状(NPSD)组。应用智能睡眠监测系统监测睡眠参数,评估睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律日间稳定性(IS)和昼夜变异性(IV);应用昼夜节律类型(CTI)量表评估睡眠-觉醒昼夜调节能力。比较两组基本临床特征、睡眠参数、昼夜节律指标,应用多因素logistic回归分析探讨MLI患者抑郁症状与睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律的关系。结果:(1)PSD组年龄、NIHSS评分、高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)、焦虑症状及梗死病灶位于额叶、颞叶、枕叶、丘脑、脑干的比例高于NPSD组(Z=-3.322,-2.897,χ^(2)=4.737,16.184,4.925,12.710,8.974,10.598,8.334;P<0.05);(2)PSD组IS、灵活性/刚性(CTI-FR)评分低于NPSD组,IV、困倦/活力(CTI-LV)评分高于NPSD组(Z=-3.255,-2.140,-2.489,-2.010,P<0.05);(3)PSD组夜间总睡眠时间(TST)、REM时间、REM%和夜间睡眠效率(SE)均低于NPSD组(Z=-3.511,t=-4.754,-3.768,Z=-4.904,P<0.05);PSD组入睡后清醒时间(WASO)、睡眠潜伏期(SL)及浅睡眠(LST)%高于NPSD组(Z=-2.817,-2.889,t=2.222,P<0.05);(4)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,REM%(OR=0.910,95%CI=0.853~0.971)、夜间SE(OR=0.893,95%CI=0.821~0.972)、IS(OR=0.807,95%CI=0.662~0.984)、CTI-FR(OR=0.751,95%CI=0.588~0.958)、CTI-LV(OR=1.102,95%CI=1.012~1.200)与MLI患者抑郁症状独立相关(均P<0.05)。结论:睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律与MLI抑郁症状密切相关,REM%、夜间SE、IS、CTI-FR降低或CTI-LV增高,MLI患者发生抑郁症状的危险性增高。

ApoA1、CRP在肺癌合并腔隙性脑梗死评估中的应用价值

目的分析载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,ApoA1)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)在肺癌合并腔隙性脑梗死(lacunar infarction,LI)患者病情评估中的应用价值。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月于浙江省荣军医院住院治疗的90例肺癌患者,根据是否合并LI进行分组,将单纯肺癌患者纳入对照组(n=62),肺癌合并LI患者纳入观察组(n=28);选取同期本院体检中心60名健康体检者纳入健康组。比较三组受试者的血清Apo A1、CRP。比较观察组中不同认知功能障碍和神经功能缺损患者的血清Apo A1、CRP,分析血清Apo A1、CRP与简易精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分的相关性。绘制受试者操作特征曲线分析Apo A1、CRP联合检测对肺癌合并LI的预测价值。结果观察组患者的血清Apo A1显著低于对照组和健康组,血清CRP显著高于对照组和健康组(P<0.05);且重度认知功能障碍患者的血清Apo A1显著低于认知功能正常患者和轻度认知功能障碍患者,血清CRP高于认知功能正常患者和轻度认知功能障碍患者(P<0.05)。重度神经功能缺损患者的血清Apo A1显著低于轻度神经功能缺损患者和中度神经功能缺损患者,血清CRP显著高于轻度神经功能缺损患者和中度神经功能缺损患者(P<0.05)。Apo A1与MMSE评分呈正相关,与NIHSS评分呈负相关(P<0.05),CRP与MMSE评分呈负相关,与NIHSS评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。Apo A1联合CRP诊断肺癌合并LI的曲线下面积为0.785(95%CI:0.712~0.967),敏感度、特异性分别为89.28%、87.34%。结论肺癌合并LI患者的血清Apo A1、CRP异常表达与认知功能、神经功能受损程度存在一定的相关性,ApoA1联合CRP检测可提高肺癌合并LI诊断的敏感度和特异性。