The ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) have great economic importance as natural enemies. Three hundred individuals belonging to 6 genera and 7 species of the subfamily, Coccinellinae and the tribe, Coccinel...The ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) have great economic importance as natural enemies. Three hundred individuals belonging to 6 genera and 7 species of the subfamily, Coccinellinae and the tribe, Coccinellini was collected during March-May, 2011 from 3 study sites of Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan. They were reported maximum (83.3%) from residential area and minimum (8%) from administration area. All collected species have glabrous hair on their slightly elongated or rounded bright colored body. The seven-spotted ladybug, Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) has maximum (average: 6.7 ± 0.77 cm;n = 15) and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) has minimum (average: 4.2 ± 0.15 cm;n = 14) body length. Moreover, transverse ladybird, Coccinella transversalis (Fabricius) has maximum (average: 4.8 ± 0.35 cm;n = 10) and Oenopia sauzeti (Mulsant) (n = 9) or adonis ladybird, Hippodamia variegate (Goeze) (n = 10) has minimum (3.1 cm) body width. Except six-spotted zigzag ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (n = 12), all collected species have black head, varied but attractive and dark in color pronotum and elytra, black scutellum except in fifteen-spotted ladybird, Harmonia dimidiate (Fabricius) (n = 10) which was brownish. The ventral side of body of A. tetraspilota was dark brown, however, C. septempunctata, C. transversalis, H. variegate and O. sauzeti were black;moreover, H. dimidiata was brownish-orange;further, M. sexmaculatus was brown. It is concluded that ladybird beetles of HU have great diversity. Their further studies have been needed for education and awareness.展开更多
The effect of both male and female age was investigated on certain reproductive attributes, viz. mating incidence, mating duration, fecundity, percent egg viability, ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods ...The effect of both male and female age was investigated on certain reproductive attributes, viz. mating incidence, mating duration, fecundity, percent egg viability, ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods and reproductive rate, of an aphidophagous ladybird, Cheilomenes sexmaculata （Fabricius）. Females started mating at the age of 8 hours post-emergence （PE） and males at the age of 2 days PE. Mating in the laboratory was a maledominated phenomenon. The mating duration and reproductive rate of 10-day-old females when mated with males of varying ages increased up to the male age of 60 days, and thereafter decreased, whereas, fecundity, egg viability and ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased up to the male age of 50 days, and thereafter declined. However, when females of varying ages were mated with 10-day-old males, fecundity and reproductive rate increased up to 40 days of female age, respectively, then decreased. The ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased with increasing age of females. Mating age for optimal reproductive output was 10-50-day-old males and NE to 40-day-old females. Reproductive cessation in males was recorded after 50 days PE, whereas in females at the age of 40 days PE. Higher mating durations lead to elevated reproductive rates. Delay in the reproductive phase was positively correlated with longevity. The results of this study may aid mass multiplication of this ladybird by identifying and promoting usage of adults of optimal age, Our results also enhance our understanding of the effect of age on reproductive attributes in ladybirds.展开更多
The ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata(L.)is an important biocontrol agent of pests such as various aphid species.Despite being one of the most studied coccinellid species,many aspects of its foraging behavior ...The ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata(L.)is an important biocontrol agent of pests such as various aphid species.Despite being one of the most studied coccinellid species,many aspects of its foraging behavior are still not completely understood.This study focuses on the diel foraging behavior of C.septempunctata,investigating their olfactory orientation toward aphid-infested plants,walking activity on plants and on the soil,and feeding rates.In the scotophase the ladybird beetles were significantly more attracted to the odor of aphid-infested plants,on which they also showed considerably higher walking activity then on uninfested controls.Females were more prone to utilize olfactory cues when searching for prey and fed at higher rates than males;this shows that they are better adapted to nocturnal activity,as they require higher food intake.Coccinella septempunctata have the same feeding rate during the scotophase as in the photophase.Our study shows that C.septempunctata has the potential to forage in the scotophase if prey is abundant.The results support the hypothesis that volatiles of aphid-infested plants can attract or arrest foraging adult ladybird beetles,even in the darkness,which makes a considerable contribution to efficient prey search and enhances feeding capacity.展开更多
It is well known that the cotton aphid is the major pest in cotton fields of Northwest China, and seven-spot ladybird is an important natural enemy among the various possi- ble natural enemies of cotton aphid. In orde...It is well known that the cotton aphid is the major pest in cotton fields of Northwest China, and seven-spot ladybird is an important natural enemy among the various possi- ble natural enemies of cotton aphid. In order to increase the applications of population dynamics in integrated pest management and control the cotton aphids biologically, we need to understand the population dynamics of cotton aphid and their natural enemies. A delay predator prey system on cotton aphid and seven-spot ladybird beetle are pro- posed in this paper. Based on the comparison theorem and an iterative method, we investigate the global attra^tivity of the equilibrium points which have important bio- logical meanings. Furthermore, some numerical simulations were carried out to illustrateand expand our theoretical results, in which a conjecture to generalize the well-known Theorem 16.4 in H. R. Thiemes book was put forward, which was taken as the open problem. The numerical simulations show coexistence of periodic solution, confirming the theoretical prediction.展开更多
Two congeneric aphidophagous ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis, were reared on three aphid species, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae and Aphis nerii, to estimate the effect of prey qual...Two congeneric aphidophagous ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis, were reared on three aphid species, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae and Aphis nerii, to estimate the effect of prey quality and intra- and interspecific interactions on their survival and development of life stages. Mortality of first instar ladybirds of both species was highest feeding on A. nerii. Preimaginal mortafity was lowest when feeding on L. erysimi （C. septempunctata, 1.6% and C. transversalis, 3.2%）, and highest when feeding on A. nerii （ C. septempunctata, 6.2% and C. transversalis, 8.2%）. Comparatively higher weight and larger size of C. septempunctata along with the lower levels of mortality recorded suggested that it is more likely to have acted as an intraguild predator than C. transversalis. High recorded mortality of C. transversalis is attributed to probable intraguild predation on account of its smaller size. The major sources of mortality were probably cannibalism, intraguild predation and other unknown factors. Lower prey quality increased the incidence of cannibalism and intraguild predation, especially in C. transversalis. The investigation suggests an intrinsic competitive advantage for C. septempunctata over C. transversalis in guilds of three aphid species.展开更多
文摘The ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) have great economic importance as natural enemies. Three hundred individuals belonging to 6 genera and 7 species of the subfamily, Coccinellinae and the tribe, Coccinellini was collected during March-May, 2011 from 3 study sites of Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan. They were reported maximum (83.3%) from residential area and minimum (8%) from administration area. All collected species have glabrous hair on their slightly elongated or rounded bright colored body. The seven-spotted ladybug, Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) has maximum (average: 6.7 ± 0.77 cm;n = 15) and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) has minimum (average: 4.2 ± 0.15 cm;n = 14) body length. Moreover, transverse ladybird, Coccinella transversalis (Fabricius) has maximum (average: 4.8 ± 0.35 cm;n = 10) and Oenopia sauzeti (Mulsant) (n = 9) or adonis ladybird, Hippodamia variegate (Goeze) (n = 10) has minimum (3.1 cm) body width. Except six-spotted zigzag ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (n = 12), all collected species have black head, varied but attractive and dark in color pronotum and elytra, black scutellum except in fifteen-spotted ladybird, Harmonia dimidiate (Fabricius) (n = 10) which was brownish. The ventral side of body of A. tetraspilota was dark brown, however, C. septempunctata, C. transversalis, H. variegate and O. sauzeti were black;moreover, H. dimidiata was brownish-orange;further, M. sexmaculatus was brown. It is concluded that ladybird beetles of HU have great diversity. Their further studies have been needed for education and awareness.
文摘The effect of both male and female age was investigated on certain reproductive attributes, viz. mating incidence, mating duration, fecundity, percent egg viability, ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods and reproductive rate, of an aphidophagous ladybird, Cheilomenes sexmaculata （Fabricius）. Females started mating at the age of 8 hours post-emergence （PE） and males at the age of 2 days PE. Mating in the laboratory was a maledominated phenomenon. The mating duration and reproductive rate of 10-day-old females when mated with males of varying ages increased up to the male age of 60 days, and thereafter decreased, whereas, fecundity, egg viability and ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased up to the male age of 50 days, and thereafter declined. However, when females of varying ages were mated with 10-day-old males, fecundity and reproductive rate increased up to 40 days of female age, respectively, then decreased. The ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased with increasing age of females. Mating age for optimal reproductive output was 10-50-day-old males and NE to 40-day-old females. Reproductive cessation in males was recorded after 50 days PE, whereas in females at the age of 40 days PE. Higher mating durations lead to elevated reproductive rates. Delay in the reproductive phase was positively correlated with longevity. The results of this study may aid mass multiplication of this ladybird by identifying and promoting usage of adults of optimal age, Our results also enhance our understanding of the effect of age on reproductive attributes in ladybirds.
基金the Swedish Research Council for Environment,Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning(FORMAS)(project number 220-2014-225 and project number 220-214-495).
文摘The ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata(L.)is an important biocontrol agent of pests such as various aphid species.Despite being one of the most studied coccinellid species,many aspects of its foraging behavior are still not completely understood.This study focuses on the diel foraging behavior of C.septempunctata,investigating their olfactory orientation toward aphid-infested plants,walking activity on plants and on the soil,and feeding rates.In the scotophase the ladybird beetles were significantly more attracted to the odor of aphid-infested plants,on which they also showed considerably higher walking activity then on uninfested controls.Females were more prone to utilize olfactory cues when searching for prey and fed at higher rates than males;this shows that they are better adapted to nocturnal activity,as they require higher food intake.Coccinella septempunctata have the same feeding rate during the scotophase as in the photophase.Our study shows that C.septempunctata has the potential to forage in the scotophase if prey is abundant.The results support the hypothesis that volatiles of aphid-infested plants can attract or arrest foraging adult ladybird beetles,even in the darkness,which makes a considerable contribution to efficient prey search and enhances feeding capacity.
基金This research was supported by Startup Project of Doctor Scientific Research of Northwest A＆F University （No. Z109021414）, National Higher-Education Insti- tution General Research and Development Project （No. 2014YB023）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 11461024）, the Foundation of Henan Educational Committee （No. 13B110031） and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province （No. NSFRF140139）.
文摘It is well known that the cotton aphid is the major pest in cotton fields of Northwest China, and seven-spot ladybird is an important natural enemy among the various possi- ble natural enemies of cotton aphid. In order to increase the applications of population dynamics in integrated pest management and control the cotton aphids biologically, we need to understand the population dynamics of cotton aphid and their natural enemies. A delay predator prey system on cotton aphid and seven-spot ladybird beetle are pro- posed in this paper. Based on the comparison theorem and an iterative method, we investigate the global attra^tivity of the equilibrium points which have important bio- logical meanings. Furthermore, some numerical simulations were carried out to illustrateand expand our theoretical results, in which a conjecture to generalize the well-known Theorem 16.4 in H. R. Thiemes book was put forward, which was taken as the open problem. The numerical simulations show coexistence of periodic solution, confirming the theoretical prediction.
文摘Two congeneric aphidophagous ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis, were reared on three aphid species, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae and Aphis nerii, to estimate the effect of prey quality and intra- and interspecific interactions on their survival and development of life stages. Mortality of first instar ladybirds of both species was highest feeding on A. nerii. Preimaginal mortafity was lowest when feeding on L. erysimi （C. septempunctata, 1.6% and C. transversalis, 3.2%）, and highest when feeding on A. nerii （ C. septempunctata, 6.2% and C. transversalis, 8.2%）. Comparatively higher weight and larger size of C. septempunctata along with the lower levels of mortality recorded suggested that it is more likely to have acted as an intraguild predator than C. transversalis. High recorded mortality of C. transversalis is attributed to probable intraguild predation on account of its smaller size. The major sources of mortality were probably cannibalism, intraguild predation and other unknown factors. Lower prey quality increased the incidence of cannibalism and intraguild predation, especially in C. transversalis. The investigation suggests an intrinsic competitive advantage for C. septempunctata over C. transversalis in guilds of three aphid species.
