Review of Research Situation of Lagenaria siceraria(Molina) Standl.

Lagenaria siceraria( Molina) Standl. Var. hispisa( Thund.) Hara is an annual creeping herb of the family Cucurbitaceae. It has high nutritional value and medicinal value,and it is a high-quality vegetable with low sugar and many kinds of vitamins. This paper introduced the current research situation of L. siceraria( Molina) Standl. from medicinal value,cultivation management technology and processing technology. Besides,it discussed main points of future researches on the basis of existing research,to promote the development of L. siceraria( Molina) Standl.

甲基磺酸乙酯诱变瓠瓜种子的条件筛选

为构建瓠瓜突变体库,以瓠瓜材料‘安生葫芦’种子为试材,探索甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变的最佳条件。设置种子开壳和不开壳2种处理,0.8%、1%、1.5%、2%、3%和4.5%共6个不同EMS浓度,2、4、8、12 h共4个不同诱变时间,分析24个不同浓度和时间处理组合对开壳种子相对发芽率的影响。结果表明,种子开壳处理后对EMS诱变浓度的敏感性显著提高。在相同EMS浓度下,诱变时间越长瓠瓜种子相对发芽率越低,8 h为最佳诱变时间;在相同EMS诱变时间下,EMS浓度越大相对发芽率越低;随着EMS诱变时间的增加,不同EMS浓度间种子发芽率的差异显著性降低,半致死浓度为1%~2%。综合分析,确定EMS诱变最佳条件为:瓠瓜种子开壳后温水浸种4 h,然后用1.5%EMS诱变处理8 h。

葫芦瓜自毒作用研究

通过种子萌发试验及幼苗生长试验研究葫芦瓜的自毒作用。结果表明,以葫芦瓜茎、叶、根水浸液分别处理葫芦瓜种子时,对种子萌发率表现出显著或极显著的抑制作用,在同一浓度下,抑制作用为茎>叶>根。在幼苗生长实验中,浓度为10 g/L时,葫芦瓜叶水浸液对其苗高、单苗鲜重、根长都表现出促进作用;随水浸液浓度上升,则表现出抑制作用。经对幼苗进行生理生化作用测定,在浓度为10 g/L时,葫芦瓜叶水浸液对叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量及POD活性均表现出促进作用,随水浸液浓度增高则表现出抑制作用。

瓠瓜优势杂交组合的筛选与评价

按Griffing完全双列杂交第2套方案对7个瓠瓜自交系配制21个杂交组合的14个性状进行配合力分析表明,亲本D、E、B产量性状的一般配合力效应值(gca)和特殊配合力(sca)效应方差均较大,是杂种优势利用选育高产品种的优良亲本。亲本F、G的早熟性状的一般配合力效应负向值较高,特殊配合力效应方差较大,是选育早熟性好的品种的优良亲本。丰产性优势组合有A×E、B×F、D×E,早熟性组合有E×F、C×G,高含量维生素C的有F×G、A×D,高含量可溶性糖的有A×D、D×G。瓠瓜的丰产性与早熟性是一对负相关的性状,品质性状的gca与产量性状、早熟性状关系不密切。

瓠瓜离体潜在雌花芽性别分化的激素控制

在离体条件下,硫代硫酸银（STS）和GA,也能有效地改变瓠瓜（Lagenaria siceraria var.hispida）的潜在雌花芽性别分化的方向。在含有IAA、BA和ACC（1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸）各为1nmol/L的MS培养基中,添加GA3（1-500μmol/L）可以诱导瓠瓜侧芽上的潜在雌花芽发育成为雄花,其中以5—20μmol/L GA,的效果最明显。与GA3相比,STS诱导雄花的效果又比GA3的大,尤其以STS的浓度为100—500μmol/L时效果最佳。相反,当上述的IAA和ACC浓度不变,而BA浓度提高到100μmol/L,再添加10—50nmol/L GA3时,则有利于潜在雌花芽向原来方向即雌花方向分化。这说明潜在雌花芽的进一步分化也需要一定浓度的GA,和比较高浓度的BA（100nmol/L）。

Silicon Deposition in Leaf Trichomes of Cucurbitaceae Horticultural Plants: A Short Report

Silicon deposition in leaf trichome of six horticultural Cucurbitaceae species, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida) was observed by an X-ray microanalyzer coupled with an environmental scanning electron microscope. The elements that presented in the surface of three or four leaves of the individual species were detected and mapped by the X-ray microanalyzer. In leaves of cucumber, pumpkin, and melon, high accumulation of silicon was detected in cells surrounding the bases of the trichome hair and the hair itself deposited calcium. On the other hand, in sponge gourd and bottle gourd, high accumulation of silicon was detected only in the hair. In watermelon leaves, silicon deposited both in the hair and in cells surrounding the bases of the hair. Thus, horticultural Cucurbitaceae plants have interspecific variation in the pattern of silicon deposition in leaf trichomes.

蒲种壳免疫活性多糖

自蒲种壳水提液醇析得到的总多糖(LSCP)中分离出酸性多糖LSC-Ⅰ和LSC-Ⅱ。经醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳和凝胶柱层析证明为均一组分,分子量分别为58 000和26 000。LSC-Ⅰ和LSC-Ⅱ均系蛋白多糖,其蛋白质含量为11％和9％,总糖含量为87％和90％。经TLC和GC-MS测定,LSC-Ⅰ和LSC-Ⅱ均由鼠李糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和已糖醛酸组成,其分子比分别为1.34:0.61;0.20:0.53:1.00:1.12:1.20:和0.76:0.56:0.20:0.97:1.00:0.92:1.47。体外实验发现LSCP具有明显的免疫增强活性。