烟草叶斑病菌Cumuliphoma indica的生物学特性及室内药剂筛选

烟草是重要的经济作物,其叶具有较高的经济价值。近年来,随着烟草种植面积增加,叶部病害种类呈上升趋势。前期从广西壮族自治区贺州市烟区烟叶病样中分离得到2株烟草叶斑病致病菌,经多基因系统发育分析,确定为Cumuliphoma indica,是国内关于该病原菌引起烟草叶斑病的首次报道。为明确该病原菌的生物学特性并筛选防治药剂,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法,研究分离菌株菌丝的致死温度,以及其在不同培养基、温度、pH、碳源、氮源、光照周期条件下的生长情况,并测定病原菌对9种化学药剂的敏感性。生物学特性研究结果表明:C.indica菌丝生长的温度范围广,最适温度为28℃;弱酸性环境更利于菌丝生长,最适pH为5;在玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA)和察氏培养基(CDA)上生长最快;最适氮源为蛋白胨;最适碳源为可溶性淀粉;菌丝致死温度为49℃,水浴10 min;光照对菌丝生长有显著影响,24 h全光照对其最有利。室内防治药剂筛选结果表明:9种供试杀菌剂对C.indica菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中50%啶酰菌胺WG抑菌效果最好,EC_(50)为0.025 mg/L;其次分别是50%咯菌腈FS(0.084 mg/L)、500 g/L异菌脲SC(0.217 mg/L)、450 g/L咪鲜胺EW(1.354 mg/L)、80%代森锰锌WP(6.565 mg/L)、10%苯醚甲环唑ME(9.576 mg/L)、25%吡唑醚菌酯(34.237 mg/L)和40%腈菌唑SC(38.804 mg/L);430 g/L戊唑醇SC的抑制作用最弱,EC50为42.574 mg/L。本研究揭示了C.indica的生物学特性,推荐50%啶酰菌胺WG作为防治候选杀菌剂,本结果可为由C.indica引起烟草叶斑病的有效防治提供参考和依据。

Synthesis of plant-based biogenic jarosite nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus gunni leaf extracts and its application in Fenton degradation of dicamba

Bio-jarosite,an iron mineral synthesized biologically using bacteria,is a substitute for iron catalysts in the Fenton oxidation of organic pollutants.Iron nanocatalysts have been widely used as Fenton catalysts because they have a larger surface area than ordinary catalysts,are highly recyclable,and can be treated efficiently.This study aimed to explore the catalytic properties of bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles syn-thesized with green methods using two distinct plant species:Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus gunni.The focus was on the degradation of dicamba via Fenton oxidation.The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited different particle size,shape,surface area,and chemical composition characteristics.Both particles were effective in removing dicamba,with removal efficiencies of 96.8%for A.indica bio-jarosite iron nano-particles(ABFeNPs)and 93.0%for E.gunni bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles(EBFeNPs)within 120 min of treatment.Increasing the catalyst dosage by 0.1 g/L resulted in 7.6%and 43.0%increases in the dicamba removal efficiency for EBFeNPs and ABFeNPs with rate constants of 0.025 min^(-1) and 0.023 min^(-1),respectively,confrming their catalytic roles.Additionally,the high efficiency of both catalysts was demonstrated through five consecutive cycles of linear pseudo-first-order Fenton oxidation reactions.

Study of Some Biodemographic Parameters of Caryedon serratus Olivier (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Insect Pest of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica Lin.) Fruit, in Burkina Faso

The lack of food security leads us to turn to the riches of the forest, namely non-timber forest products (NTFP) and timber forest products (TFP). In Burkina, these products are a source of income for families, improving their living conditions. Tamarindus indica L. that is a NFTP, is widely used in both rural and urban areas. Unfortunately, tamarind is subject to attack by Caryedon serratus. Its biological activity begins on the fruit before the harvest. The aim of our study is to evaluate some biodemographic parameters of the insect pest C. serratus Olivier. First100 healthy T. indica pods were placed in contact with ten pairs of C. serratus for 24 hours. 25 pods, each carrying a maximum of two eggs, were divided into five batches of 5 pods. Then a pair of C. serratus aged less than 24 h was placed in contact with 4 healthy pods for 24 h. Every day, the pair was removed and transferred to another box containing 4 new healthy pods. A total of 20 replicates were performed. The results showed that C. serratus has an average lifespan of 14 days. However, the female (16 days) lived longer and laid an average of 34 eggs during her lifetime. The egg-laying period lasted 14 days, the number of eggs increased until reaching a maximum peak on the 4th day. C. serratus has an embryonic development time of 3 days and an emergence rate of 66.63%. However, the weight of males and females differed significantly (p = 0.0108). We found an intrinsic rate of natural increase of 0.12 and a population doubling time was 5.68 days. These results have enabled us to gain a better understanding of its development cycle and its capacity for regeneration. This allows us to implement control strategies for better stock protection.

Research on Plantlet Rooting of Lagerstroemia indica

Tissue culture plantlets of Lagerstroemia indica were used to study the effects of different auxins on in-vitro rooting, and the effects of various media in transplanting of rooted plantlets and ex-vitro rooting. For in-vitro rooting of test-tube plantiets of Lagerstroemia indica, 0.5 mg/L IBA is a suitable growth regulator; in the case of transplanting of rooted plantlets, the medium ratio of peat soil to perlite at 7：3 is better; and as to ex-vitro rooting of Lagerstroemia indica plantlets, the medium ratio of peat soil to perlite at 3：7 is more suitable.

Salt Stress Effect on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Three New Varieties of Lagerstroemia indica

The effects of different concentrations of NaCI （0, 0.10%, 0.25%, 0.40%, 0.55%, 0.70%） on the growth and physiological characteristics of three new varieties of Lagerstroemia indica were studied by pot experiment in the plastic greenhouses. The results showed that under different NaCI concentrations, the relative height in- crement and the relative diameter increment of L. indica were restrained obviously; the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and GSH decreased with in- crease of NaCI concentration; and the content of MDA increased with increase of NaCI concentration. Through the determination and comparison of physiological in- dexes, and analysis of correlativity, NaCI tolerance of the three new L. indica vari- eties ranked as L. indica ＇Pink Velour＇〉L. indica ＇Dynamite＇〉L. indica ＇Red Rock- et＇. This is consistent with the results of the morphological characteristics after Na- CI stress.

Study on in vitro Culture and Germination of Three Cultivars of Lagerstroemia indica L.

[Objective] The research aimed at investigating the in vitro culture and germination of three cultivars of Lagerstroemia indica L.[Method] The pollen of three L.indica cultivars Hongdiefeiwu,Cuipanjinwei and Zizhuayinwei in full flowering stage was collected as materials to study the effects of in vitro culture on pollen viability and germination.[Result] The optimum medium for L.indica pollen germination was 150 g/L sucrose ＋ 60 mg/L boric acid ＋ 20 mg/L CaCl2＋20 mg/L MgSO4 ＋100 mg/L KNO3,in which,the concentrations of sucrose and boric acid could significantly influence the pollen germination.In addition,the vitality of pollen at long filament differed from that at short filament,wherein,the vitality of pollen at short filament of Zizhuayinwei and Hongdiefeiwu was higher than that at their long filament,while Cuipanjinwei showed the opposite result.Within 2-6 h after pollination self,pollen germinated to form pollen tube,which grew fast firstly and then slowly.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical reference for breeding new L.indica cultivar.

Lagerindicine, a New Pyrrole Alkaloid Isolated from the Flowers of Lagerstroemia indica Linnaeus

A phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the flowers of Lagerstroemia indica L.led to the isolation and char-acterization of a new pyrrole alkaloid,named lagerindicine(1),along with four known compounds(2-5).Their structures were elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data,whereas the structure,in par-ticularly,the absolute configuration(AC)of 1,was firmly determined by total synthesis.All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against human colon cancer cell(HCT-116),and compound 3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 28.4μM.

A Preliminary Study on Immature Embryo Culture and Plant Regeneration of Lagerstroemia indica

[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore immature embryo culture of Lagerstroemia indica and investigate the appropriate conditions for growth and differentiation. [ Method] Immature embryos of L. indica were employed as the explants for germination induction to establish aseptic lines. Based on that, the effects of different hormone levels and culture conditions on immature embryo culture of L. indica were analyzed. [ Result ] Peeled immature embryos of L. indica were germinated easily, leading to a germination rate of 100%. The optimal initial medium was MS ＋ BA0.5 ＋ NAA0.1 ＋ sucrose 3.0% ＋ agar 0.7% ; the optimal shoot induction medium was MS ＋ BA0.5 ＋ NAA0.1 ＋ sucrose 3.0% ＋ agar 0.7% ＋ coconut milk 10% ; the optimal rooting medium was MS ＋ BA0.5 ＋ IBA0.1 ＋ sucrose 3.0% ＋ agar 0.7% ＋ coconut milk 10%. [ Conclusion] This study provided a technical reference for subsequent optimized breeding of L. indica.

基于优化MaxEnt模型的板齿鼠Bandicota indica在中国适生区预测与分析

板齿鼠Bandicota indica对农作物危害极大,传播多种人兽共患疾病且扩散能力强。及时掌握板齿鼠种群动态及其分布区动态,对其监测、预警及防控具有参考意义。本文对板齿鼠分布数据的筛选方法和MaxEnt模型参数的设置进行优化,使用R软件的ENMeval程序包对48个参数组合进行测试,筛选出构建MaxEnt模型的最优参数。基于板齿鼠分布数据和参数优化的MaxEnt模型预测板齿鼠在中国适生区的分布,结果表明,板齿鼠在中国的适生区分布于广东、广西、台湾地区、福建、云南、四川、贵州、江西、海南、西藏、浙江等地,总面积为68.6万km^(2),占研究区面积的7.23%左右。最暖季降水量、等温性和年均温是影响板齿鼠分布的主导环境因子。本研究不仅模拟了板齿鼠在我国的潜在地理分布,更为该鼠的分布与环境变量之间关系的研究提供了理论参考。

Phylogeny,molecular evolution,and dating of divergences in Lagerstroemia using plastome sequences

Lagerstroemia L.(Lythraceae)is a widely distributed genus of trees and shrubs native to tropical and subtropical environments from Southeast Asia to Australia,with numerous species highly valued as ornamentals.Although the plastomes of many species in this genus have been sequenced,the rates of functional gene evolution and their effect on phylogenetic analyses have not been thoroughly examined.We compared three plastome sequence matrices to elucidate how differences in these datasets affected phylogenetic analyses.Robust phylogenetic relationships for Lagerstroemia species were reconstructed based on different plastome sequence partitions and multiple phylogenetic methods.Identification of single-nucleotide variants within different genes also provides basic data on the patterns of functional gene evolution in Lagerstroemia and may provide insights into how those mutations affect protein structure and potentially drive divergence via cytonuclear incompatibility.These results as well as analyses of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations,indicate that heterotachic modes of evolution are present in functional plastome genes and should be accounted for in the analyses of molecular evolution.In addition,divergence events within the Lagerstroemia were dated for the first time.Several of the divergence estimates corresponded to well-known Earth history events,such as the reduction in global temperatures at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.Our analyses conducted in Lagerstroemia here dissects the various patterns in the divergence of Lagerstroemia and may provide a useful guide to help plant breeders,as well as the necessity of using plastomic data and as possible as to combine evidence from morphological characteristics to investigate the complicated interspecies relationship and the evolutionary dynamics of species.

Grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and physiological performance of indica/japonica hybrid rice in response to various nitrogen rates

Utilizing the heterosis of indica/japonica hybrid rice(IJHR)is an effective way to further increase rice grain yield.Rational application of nitrogen(N)fertilizer plays a very important role in using the heterosis of IJHR to achieve its great yield potential.However,the responses of the grain yield and N utilization of IJHR to N application rates and the underlying physiological mechanism remain elusive.The purpose of this study was to clarify these issues.Three rice cultivars currently used in rice production,an IJHR cultivar Yongyou 2640(YY2640),a japonica cultivar Lianjing 7(LJ-7)and an indica cultivar Yangdao 6(YD-6),were grown in the field with six N rates(0,100,200,300,400,and 500 kg ha^(-1))in 2018 and 2019.The results showed that with the increase in N application rates,the grain yield of each test cultivar increased at first and then decreased,and the highest grain yield was at the N rate of 400 kg ha^(-1)for YY2640,with a grain yield of 13.4 t ha^(-1),and at 300 kg ha^(-1)for LJ-7 and YD-6,with grain yields of 9.4–10.6 t ha^(-1).The grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)of YY2640 were higher than those of LJ-7 or YD-6 at the same N rate,especially at the higher N rates.When compared with LJ-7 or YD-6,YY2640 exhibited better physiological traits,including greater root oxidation activity and leaf photosynthetic rate,higher cytokinin content in the roots and leaves,and more remobilization of assimilates from the stem to the grain during grain filling.The results suggest that IJHR could attain both higher grain yield and higher NUE than inbred rice at either low or high N application rates.Improved shoot and root traits of the IJHR contribute to its higher grain yield and NUE,and a higher content of cytokinins in the IJHR plants plays a vital role in their responses to N application rates and also benefits other physiological processes.

Dry matter production and panicle characteristics of high yield and good taste indica hybrid rice varieties

Indica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa) production aims to achieve two crucial targets: high yield and good taste. This study selected three types of indica hybrid rice according to grain yield and taste value, including high yield and good taste(HYGT), low yield and good taste(LYGT), and high yield and poor taste(HYPT), to analyze yield components,corresponding growth characteristics, and rice taste quality. When values were averaged across varieties and years,there were almost no differences in taste value between HYGT and LYGT;HYGT showed a significant increase in yield,owing to a higher number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, with a respective increment of 16.2 and 20.6%. The higher grain yield of HYGT compared with LYGT was attributed to three key factors: a higher leaf area index(LAI) during heading, a higher ratio of grain to leaf, and a higher biomass accumulation at maturity. HYGT and HYPT achieved similar high yields;however, HYGT had more panicle numbers and lower grain weight. In addition, HYGT showed a significantly higher taste value than HYPT, attributed to its significantly lower protein and amylose contents, with reductions of 8.8and 15.7%, respectively. Lower protein and amylose contents might be caused by a proper matter translocation from vegetative organs to panicle. This study suggested that reasonable panicle characteristics and translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to panicle during heading to maturity are the key factors in balancing yield and rice taste quality.These results will provide valuable insights for rice breeders to improve the grain yield and quality of indica hybrid rice.

育苗容器对紫叶紫薇容器苗生长、开花及生理的影响

【目的】探讨育苗容器类型和规格对紫叶紫薇容器苗生长、开花及生理的影响,筛选出培育紫叶紫薇容器苗的适宜育苗容器,为高效培育紫薇容器苗提供理论依据。【方法】以紫叶紫薇优良新品种‘丹红紫叶’2年生苗木为研究材料,选用黑色塑料营养杯(C1)、白色无纺布美植袋(C2)、黑色控根容器(C3)3个类型以及16×16(D1)、21×21(D2)、25×25(D3)3种规格(直径×高,cm),组成9种容器组合处理,测定不同处理容器苗生长、开花及生理指标。【结果】(1)不同育苗容器处理对紫叶紫薇容器苗的生长、开花及生理指标均影响显著,同一容器类型苗木的生长、根系、生物量、花期、花径、花序、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、相对叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等指标均随着育苗容器规格的增大而显著增加。(2)地径生长量、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根尖数、地上部干质量、地下部干质量、总干质量、花期均以C3D3处理最大,比最小的C1D1处理分别显著提高817.12%、108.12%、94.60%、75.66%、144.14%、135.67%、228.45%、164.65%、34.48%;苗高生长量、冠幅生长量、叶面积、花序长和宽均以C1D3处理最高,比最低的C1D1处理分别显著提高116.05%、81.39%、114.95%、70.44%和65.79%;相对叶绿素含量、水分利用效率均以C3D3处理最大,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量、净光合速率、气孔导度均以C1D3处理最高;胞间CO_(2)浓度、水分利用效率在各处理之间无显著差异。(3)各处理隶属函数法综合评价得分排序为:C3D3>C1D3>C2D3>C3D2>C2D2>C1D2>C2D1>C3D1>C1D1。【结论】黑色控根容器在地径生长量、根系生长指标、生物量、花期和花径、叶绿素相对含量及净光合速率方面表现最佳;紫叶紫薇2年生苗的最适宜育苗容器是直径25 cm、高25 cm的黑色控根容器。

干旱胁迫对紫叶紫薇容器苗生长及生理的影响

为探究干旱胁迫对紫叶紫薇容器苗的生长及生理影响,以紫叶紫薇优良新品种‘丹红紫叶’2年生容器苗为研究对象,设计了5个干旱胁迫强度处理,测定不同干旱胁迫处理对容器苗生长及生理相关指标的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫对紫叶紫薇容器苗的生长及生理的影响显著。随着干旱胁迫强度增加,紫叶紫薇容器苗叶片相对含水量、过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率总体上呈现降低趋势,重度干旱时这些指标分别比正常供水显著下降了21.45%、40.45%、31.92%、3.30%、81.25%、89.29%、87.17%,极重度干旱时达到最低值。可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量随着干旱胁迫程度增强而一直上升,重度干旱时分别比正常供水显著增加了122.92%、74.98%、288.34%,极重度干旱时达到最大值。随着干旱胁迫强度加重,过氧化氢酶活性、叶绿素相对含量、水分利用效率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,中度干旱时过氧化氢酶活性最大,叶绿素相对含量和水分利用效率则是轻度干旱最高,极重度干旱时最低。胞间CO_(2)浓度随着干旱胁迫加强而先降后升,正常供水的胞间CO_(2)浓度最高,中度干旱最低。紫叶紫薇容器苗具有抵御中度干旱的能力,当土壤相对含水量下降至30%~35%时应及时给苗木浇水灌溉。

Molluscicidal effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae

Objective:To assess the molluscicidal effect of the eco-friendly green synthesized neem silver nanoparticles(neem-Ag NPs)against Biomphalaria alexandrina,the snail intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni,and their cercaricidal potential.Methods:Methanol extracts from neem fruits were used for green synthesis of neem-Ag NPs.The neem-Ag NPs were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectra,dynamic laser light scattering technique,and transmission electron microscopy.The potential molluscicidal effect against adult and juvenile Biomphalaria alexandrina and the effect of the sub-lethal concentration on hatching of snail eggs and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were evaluated.Results:The surface plasmon resonance of neem-Ag NPs showed a sharp absorption peak atλ_(max)=518 nm together with multiple peaks.The hydrodynamic diameter was(77.15±34.53)nm,the polydispersity index(0.338±0.000)and the zeta-potential-14.07 mV.Moreover,transmission electron microscopy showed that the average size of the nanoparticles was(27±2)nm.Agglomeration was evident and a light-colored capping layer could be seen coating the nanoparticles.Juvenile snails(LC_(50):0.83 ppm)were more susceptible to neem-Ag NPs than adults(LC_(50):1.07 ppm).In addition,neem-Ag NPs and neem at LC_(50)concentrations inhibited the egg-hatching of snails and showed cercaricidal activity in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions:Neem-Ag NPs have lethal activities against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and their eggs,as well as Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.Hence,neem-Ag NPs could be a potential agent to control schistosomiasis.

Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematode,Heterorhabditis indica against pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)

Background The emergence of pink bollworm(PBW),Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae),in cotton due to Bt resistance and concealed feeding habit has created a need for alternative,eco-friendly,and cost-effective control methods.This study aimed to evaluate the bio-efficacy and reproductive potential of two native strains of entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs),Heterorhabditis indica,namely CICR-HI-CL and CICR-HI-MN,against PBW larvae and pupae under in-vitro conditions.Results The larval assay revealed that strain CICR-HI-CL exhibited higher potency than strain CICR-HI-MN against 2nd,3rd,and 4thinstar larvae,with median lethal dose(LD50)values of 5.45,4.45,and 4.60 infective juveniles(IJs)per larva,respectively.In case of pupal bioassay,both EPN strains demonstrated greater virulence when applied directly(LD50values:29.65 and 73.88 IJs per pupa for strains CICR-HI-CL and CICR-HI-MN,respectively)compared to soil application(147.84 and 272.38 IJs per pupa).Both EPN strains successfully penetrated and reproduced on 4thinstar larvae,resulting in maximum production of 19.28 and 20.85 lakh IJs per larva in the next generation when inoculated at 30 IJs per larva.Conclusion The present study has generated useful information on the virulence and reproductive potential of two strains of EPN H.indica(CICR-HI-CL and CICR-HI-MN)against PBW,a dreaded pest of cotton.Higher virulence and reproductive potential of EPN strains demonstrated their ability to multiply,sustain and perpetuate on larval and pupal stages of PBW.The knowledge generated will help formulate effective management strategies for PBW with the inclusion of EPN as a potential biological control candidate.The soil-dwelling life stages viz.,last instar hibernating larvae and pupae of PBW can be the ideal weak links to make a successful use of H.indica for sustainable management of PBW in the cotton ecosystem.However,before taking these EPN strains to field for managing PBW,detailed studies investigating their biocontrol potential against PBW under field conditions are needed.

淹水胁迫对紫薇苗生长及生理特性的影响

以紫薇优良新品种‘丹红紫叶’二年生苗为试材,采用套盆淹水方法,设计了5个淹水持续时间处理,研究不同淹水胁迫处理对紫薇苗生长及生理指标的影响,以期为紫薇苗培育及园林应用的水分管理提供参考依据。结果表明:紫薇能承受14 d的淹水,淹水21 d是紫薇忍受淹水胁迫持续时间的极限。随着淹水胁迫时间增长,紫薇苗的叶片相对含水量、过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、净光合作用速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)均总体呈下降趋势,淹水21 d时分别比对照处理显著下降了24.29%、79.88%、18.66%、3.16%、80.45%、92.51%、93.10%、25.43%,淹水28 d时达到最低值;脯氨酸、丙二醛含量呈上升趋势,淹水21 d时分别比对照显著增加67.34%、360.54%,淹水28 d最大;过氧化氢酶活性呈先升后降的趋势,淹水21 d最大,比对照显著增加252.65%;可溶性糖含量呈先降后升再降的趋势,淹水21 d最大,比对照显著增加19.38%;淹水胁迫期间紫薇苗的叶绿素相对含量变化不明显;水分利用效率(WUE)呈起伏波动走势,对照最低,淹水21 d较高,比对照显著高184.00%。紫薇苗具有一定的耐涝性,淹水胁迫持续时间不宜超过14 d。

紫薇响应盐胁迫和碱胁迫的代谢组分析

为探究‘红叶’紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica ‘Pink Velour’)对盐胁迫和碱胁迫的代谢响应机制,对‘红叶’紫薇1年生无性扦插苗分别进行盐胁迫(NaCl,pH=7.02)和碱胁迫(NaHCO_(3)和Na_(2)CO_(3)的Na^(+)摩尔比为2:1,pH=9.52)处理,采用液相色谱质谱(LC-MS)分析叶片代谢组学变化,并比较2个处理组与对照(CK)之间的代谢差异。结果表明:与CK相比,盐处理组共筛选出156个差异代谢物,碱处理组共筛选出176个差异代谢物,2个对比组共有23个差异代谢物,其余均为特有差异代谢物。KEGG富集分析表明,次生代谢产物生物合成、氨基酸代谢、糖类代谢、脂肪酸代谢和植物激素合成是响应盐胁迫和碱胁迫的主要代谢通路;甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸合成代谢、ABC转运蛋白和维生素B_(6)合成代谢是盐胁迫组的特有代谢通路;缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸生物合成代谢、叶酸合成代谢,以及戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸相互转化和抗坏血酸合成代谢是碱胁迫组的特有代谢通路。这些差异代谢物变化和代谢通路富集可能是紫薇响应盐胁迫和碱胁迫的主要机制。

3个彩叶紫薇品种的扦插繁殖对比试验

为获得紫薇硬枝扦插的最佳繁殖方法,以美国红叶紫薇、“红云”紫薇、“农紫1号”紫薇3个品种为试验材料,分别以不同品种、不同激素种类、不同激素浓度为试验因素,对紫薇的硬枝扦插繁殖进行了对比试验。结果表明:春季3月下旬至4月上旬进行硬枝扦插,插前将插穗基部在NAA、IBA以及(NAA+IBA)1500 mg/L的溶液中浸泡2 h后进行扦插,30 d后调查发现,3个品种以“农紫1号”紫薇的生根效果最好,生根率最高达92.4%。单独使用NAA、IBA溶液或使用NAA与IBA的混合溶液对扦插效果的影响不显著,对于扦插效果的影响主要体现在浸泡溶液的浓度上,使用1500 mg/L效果最好,与其他水平间均存在显著差异,该浓度下紫薇的平均生根率为91.00%,平均根长为3.00 cm,平均根量为7.93条。

Performance of Five Early Indica Rice Varieties under Direct Seeding in Jiangbei District

Comparative experiments were conducted on five conventional indica rice varieties,including Yongxian 15,Zhongzao 39,Shunda 135,Zhongzu 143,and Zhongzu 18.Under direct seeding conditions,their growth period and yield performance were investigated.The results showed that the yield of Zhonggang 143 and Shunda 135 was higher than that of Yongxian 15(CK),and Zhonggang 143 had the highest yield of 7.494 t/hm 2,followed by Shunda 135(7.467 t/hm 2);Yongxian 18(CK)has a yield of 7.326 t/hm 2.Taking into account factors such as field growth,yield,and growth period,Zhongzu 143 and Shunda 135 can be further promoted to optimize the early rice variety structure in Jiangbei District.