Double-plume Lagrangian particle tracking model and its application in deep water oil spill

Due to the density stratification of sea water,the dispersed oil droplets and gas bubbles with small diameters,as well as the dissolved components,may remain in some specific depths.The double-plume Lagrangian particle tracking model for bubbly plumes in vertical density stratified environments is improved and applied to predict the underwater pollutants in a blowout.This model considers the different properties and dissolution processes of components in crude oil and focuses on their behavior and stratification differences in the plume.The crude oil components are divided into several groups and the dissolution of oil and gas is also considered.The model is applied to simulate the“Deepwater Horizon”oil spill accident in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010.The results show several enrichment layers of oil and gas at different depth and the differences in concentration between components,which corresponds to the distribution of petroleum pollutants in the in-situ observation.

Numerical Simulation of Water Exchange Characteristics of the Jiaozhou Bay Based on A Three-Dimensional Lagrangian Model

Based on theory of three-dimensional hydrodynamics, an Euler-Lagrangian particle model is established to study the transport and water exchange capability in the Jiaozhou Bay. The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, driven by tide and wind, is used to study the effects of wetting and drying of estuarine intertidal flats by the dry-wet grid technology based on the Estuarine, Coastal and Ocean Model （ECOM）. The particle model includes the advection and the diffusion processes, of which the advection process is simulated with a certain method, and the diffusion process is simulated with the random walk method. The effect of the intertidal zone, the turbulent diffusion and the timescales of the water exchange are also discussed. The results show that a moving boundary model can simulate the transport process of the particle in the intertidal zone, where the particles are transported for a longer distance than that of the stationary result. Simulations with and without the turbulent random walk show that the effect of turbulent diffusion is very effective at spreading particles throughout the estuary and speeding up the particle movement. The spatial distribution of residence time is given to quantify the water exchange capability that has very important ramifications to water quality. The effect of wind on the water exchange is also examined and the southeasterly wind in summer tends to block the water exchange near the northeast coast, while the northerly wind in winter speeds up the transport process. These results indicate that the Lagrangian particle model is applicable and has a large potential to help understanding the water exchange capability in estuaries, which can also be useful to simulate the transport process of contaminant.

A forced ignition probability analysis method using kernel formation analysis with turbulent transport and Lagrangian flame particle tracking

A forced ignition probability analysis method is developed for turbulent combustion,in which kernel formation is analyzed with local kernel formation criteria,and flame propagation and stabilization are simulated with Lagrangian flame particle tracking.For kernel formation,the effect of turbulent scalar transport on flammability is modelled through the incorporation of turbulenceinduced diffusion in a spherically outwardly propagating flame kernel model.The dependence of flammability limits on turbulent intensities is tabulated and serves as the flammability criterion for kernel formation.For Lagrangian flame particle tracking,flame particles are tracked in a structured grid with flow fields being interpolated from a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)solution.The particle velocity follows a Langevin model consisting of a linear drift and an isotropic diffusion term.The Karlovitz number is employed for the extinction criterion,which compares chemical and turbulent timescales.The integration of the above two-step analysis approach with non-reacting CFD is achieved through a general interpolation interface suitable for general unstructured CFD grids.The method is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame,in which flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics are extracted from a non-reacting simulation.Results show that the computed ignition probability map agrees qualitatively with experimental results.A reduction of the ignition probability in the recirculation zone and a high ignition probability on the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface are well captured.The tools can facilitate optimization of spark placement and offer insights into ignition processes.

Modelling ignition probability with pairwise mixing-reaction model for flame particle tracking

Reduced order models for ignition analysis can offer insights into ignition processes and facilitate the combustor optimization.In this study,a Pairwise Mixing-Reaction(PMR)model is formulated to model the interaction between the flame particle and the surrounding cell mixture during Lagrangian flame particle tracking.Specifically,the model accounts for the two-way coupling of mass and energy between the flame particle and the surrounding shell layer by modelling the corresponding turbulent mixing,chemical reaction and evaporation process if present.The state of a flame particle,e.g.,burnt,hot gas or extinguished,is determined based on particle temperature.This model can properly describe the ignition process with a spark kernel being initiated in a nonflammable region,which is of practical importance in certain turbine engines and has not been rigorously accounted for by the existing models based on the estimation of local Karlovitz number.The model is integrated into an ignition probability analysis platform and is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame with the flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics being extracted from a non-reacting simulation.The results show that for the spark location being at the extreme fuellean outer shear layer of the recirculation zone,PMR can yield ignition events with a significant number of active flame particles.The mechanisms for the survival of the initial flame particles and the entrainment of the survived flame particles into the recirculation zone are analyzed.The results also show that the ignition probability map from PMR agrees well with the experimental observation:a high ignition probability in the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface,and low ignition probabilities inside the recirculation zone and the top stagnation region of the recirculation zone.The parametric study shows that the predicted shape of the ignition progress factor and ignition probability is in general insensitive to the model parameters and the model is adequate for quantifying the regions with high ignition probabilities.

Comparison between fully resolved and time-averaged simulations of particle cloud dispersion produced by a violent expiratory event

In this work we compare the DNS results(Fabregat et al.2021,Fabregat et al.2021)for a mild cough already reported in the literarure with those obtained with a compressible URANS equations with a k-ϵturbulence model.In both cases,the dispersed phase has been modelled as spherical Lagrangian particles using the one-way coupling assumption.Overall,the URANS model is capable of reproducing the observed tendency of light particles under 64µm in diameter to rise due to the action of the drag exerted by the buoyant puff generated by the cough.Both DNS and URANS found that particles above 64µm will tend to describe parabolic trajectories under the action of gravitational forces.Grid independence analysis allows to qualify the impact of increasing mesh resolution on the particle cloud statistics as flow evolves.Results suggest that the k-ϵmodel overpredicts the horizontal displacement of the particles smaller than 64µm while the opposite occurs for the particles larger than 64µm.

Tracer advection in a pair of adjacent side-wall cavities, and in a rectangular channel containing two groynes in series

A model is presented of particle advection near groynes in an open channel. Open channel hydrodynamics is modelled using the shallow water equations, obtained as the depth-averaged form of Reynolds-averaged continuity and Navier-Stokes momentum equations. A Lagrangian particle-tracking model is used to predict trajectories of tracer particles advected by the flow field, with bilinear interpolation representing the continuous flow field. The particle-tracking model is verified for chaotic advection in an alternating flow field of a pair of blinking vortices. The combined shallow flow and Lagrangian particle-tracking model is applied to the simulation of tracer advection in flow past a pair of side-wall cavities separated by a groyne, and in an open rectangular channel containing a pair of parallel groynes oriented normal to the channel wall. The study is potentially useful in understanding mixing processes in shallow flow fields near hydraulic structures in wide rivers.