The conservation theorems of the generalized Lagrangian equations for nonconservative mechanical system are studied by using method of integrating factors. Firstly, the differential equations of motion of system are g...The conservation theorems of the generalized Lagrangian equations for nonconservative mechanical system are studied by using method of integrating factors. Firstly, the differential equations of motion of system are given, and the definition of integrating factors is given. Next, the necessary conditions for the existence of the conserved quantity are studied in detail. Finally, the conservation theorem and its inverse for the system are established, and an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.展开更多
The supposedly missing dark energy of the cosmos is found quantitatively in a direct analysis without involving ordinary energy. The analysis relies on five dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime and a Lagrangian constrai...The supposedly missing dark energy of the cosmos is found quantitatively in a direct analysis without involving ordinary energy. The analysis relies on five dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime and a Lagrangian constrained by an auxiliary condition. Employing the Lagrangian multiplier method, it is found that this multiplier is equal to the dark energy of the cosmos and is given by where E is energy, m is mass, c is the speed of light, and λ is the Lagrangian multiplier. The result is in full agreement with cosmic measurements which were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics as well as with the interpretation that dark energy is the energy of the quantum wave while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle. Consequently dark energy could not be found directly using our current measurement methods because measurement leads to wave collapse leaving only the quantum particle and its ordinary energy intact.展开更多
Generally, the procedure for Solving Security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problems within Lagrangian Relaxation framework is partitioned into two stages: one is to obtain feasible SCUC states;the other is to so...Generally, the procedure for Solving Security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problems within Lagrangian Relaxation framework is partitioned into two stages: one is to obtain feasible SCUC states;the other is to solve the economic dispatch of generation power among all the generating units. The core of the two stages is how to determine the feasibility of SCUC states. The existence of ramp rate constraints and security constraints increases the difficulty of obtaining an analytical necessary and sufficient condition for determining the quasi-feasibility of SCUC states at each scheduling time. However, a numerical necessary and sufficient numerical condition is proposed and proven rigorously based on Benders Decomposition Theorem. Testing numerical example shows the effectiveness and efficiency of the condition.展开更多
用变分方法研究非自治 L agrange系统周期解的问题转化为研究 L agrange作用泛函的临界点问题 .对 L agrange系统 ,人们用变分方法已经获得了一系列可解性条件 ,但是除在超二次条件下 ,Lagrange作用泛函都是下方有界的 .这里的目的是给...用变分方法研究非自治 L agrange系统周期解的问题转化为研究 L agrange作用泛函的临界点问题 .对 L agrange系统 ,人们用变分方法已经获得了一系列可解性条件 ,但是除在超二次条件下 ,Lagrange作用泛函都是下方有界的 .这里的目的是给出 Lagrange作用泛函无界的 L agrange系统周期解的其它可解性条件 .这时的主要困难是对应的 L agrange作用泛函不再是下方有界的 .这里用临界点理论中的鞍点定理得到了展开更多
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No. 9507
文摘The conservation theorems of the generalized Lagrangian equations for nonconservative mechanical system are studied by using method of integrating factors. Firstly, the differential equations of motion of system are given, and the definition of integrating factors is given. Next, the necessary conditions for the existence of the conserved quantity are studied in detail. Finally, the conservation theorem and its inverse for the system are established, and an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.
文摘The supposedly missing dark energy of the cosmos is found quantitatively in a direct analysis without involving ordinary energy. The analysis relies on five dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime and a Lagrangian constrained by an auxiliary condition. Employing the Lagrangian multiplier method, it is found that this multiplier is equal to the dark energy of the cosmos and is given by where E is energy, m is mass, c is the speed of light, and λ is the Lagrangian multiplier. The result is in full agreement with cosmic measurements which were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics as well as with the interpretation that dark energy is the energy of the quantum wave while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle. Consequently dark energy could not be found directly using our current measurement methods because measurement leads to wave collapse leaving only the quantum particle and its ordinary energy intact.
文摘Generally, the procedure for Solving Security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problems within Lagrangian Relaxation framework is partitioned into two stages: one is to obtain feasible SCUC states;the other is to solve the economic dispatch of generation power among all the generating units. The core of the two stages is how to determine the feasibility of SCUC states. The existence of ramp rate constraints and security constraints increases the difficulty of obtaining an analytical necessary and sufficient condition for determining the quasi-feasibility of SCUC states at each scheduling time. However, a numerical necessary and sufficient numerical condition is proposed and proven rigorously based on Benders Decomposition Theorem. Testing numerical example shows the effectiveness and efficiency of the condition.
文摘用变分方法研究非自治 L agrange系统周期解的问题转化为研究 L agrange作用泛函的临界点问题 .对 L agrange系统 ,人们用变分方法已经获得了一系列可解性条件 ,但是除在超二次条件下 ,Lagrange作用泛函都是下方有界的 .这里的目的是给出 Lagrange作用泛函无界的 L agrange系统周期解的其它可解性条件 .这时的主要困难是对应的 L agrange作用泛函不再是下方有界的 .这里用临界点理论中的鞍点定理得到了
