Micro Credits: A New Turn for "Laid-Offs"

Jia Xiangde just didn’t know what to do when, five years ago, he lost his job at a state-owned chemical factory. He was given mi "unemployment pay" of 200 yuan (US$24.1) per month for his family of seven. "My wile had no job and life was really hard for us," he recalls. "I had thought I would be done for until the government stepped in to help. I got a petty loan from the government, and that has helped me turn a new leaf in life."

Government Buys Jobs For Laid-off Workers

Lu Yun rejoices that she did not hesitate to take the job as a community patrol a year ago. "Had I refused to take up the job, there would have been no opportunity at all to find a job now," she said. In 2001, the Dalian city government bought a number of jobs of public welfare in nature, including patrols in communities. However, many people were reluctant to take them at the time, leaving several hundred vacancies. Lu Yun, 48, was laid off by the Dalian Department Store four years ago. She applied and was given the job. Although the monthly salary is only 400 yuan, she took to like it. "I can enjoy old-age insurance and medical insurance,"

‘Face’and psychological processes of laid-off workers in transitional China

Objective:The objective was to explore the psychological experiences of laid-off workers in contemporary transitional China and to formulate a theoretical model of these.Methods:In-depth interviews of 26 laid-off workers were conducted and analysed using grounded theory techniques.Results:Four themes underline the psychological processes of these laid-off workers-feeling of loss,feeling of physical pain,feeling of fatalism,and final acceptance.These are characterized by Chinese culture and its philosophy-feeling of loss is dominated by their loss of face(diu mi-anzi),physical pain is a somatization of their mental painfulness,their fatalism is traced back to the Chinese ancient theocratic concept of Tian Ming,and their acceptance of reality to their final making face(zheng mianzi)is sourced from both Confucianism and Daoism.Conclusion:The psychological experience of laid-off workers(or unemployed workers)is likely to have varied manifestations in different cultural contexts.The psychological processes of Chinese laid-off workers(or unemployed workers)might be different from those of laid-off workers in Western countries.A therapeutic intervention to cater for the needs of laid-off workers derived from the four themes might be effective.

Facing Reality, Meeting Challenges——An Interview on the Situation of Laid-Off Women Workers in Shangqiu

THE continued deepening of thereform of Chinese State-ownedenterprises has caused a large number oflaid-off workers.How to deal with them isan entirely new subject for the State,society and the work unit and it is aproblem that is not going to just disappear.Though there are a number of policies

Three Laid-off Women

THE problems of laid-off women have become a common concern in Shanghai. Laid-off women believe they should be able to find employment instead of returning to their kitchens. Women’s organizations, which are called women’s parents’ home, are also helping laid-off women return to their jobs by every possible means. Chen Xiaoli was a worker at a knitting mill which employed several hundred workers in Shanghai. She is tall, healthy and open-minded. During the "cultural revolution," teaching work was stopped

Laid-Off Worker Becomes Instant Multi-Millionaire

读此奇闻,我再次慨叹:天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福！这边刚“下岗”,大悲！那边获巨奖,大喜！下岗工人,在英语称为laid-off workers,而本文 反复使用了retrenchment/retrenched,意思是“被裁员下岗”,这大概是澳大利亚英语的惯常表达。文章中用得最精彩的一个动词是drown(their sorrow)！】

下岗工人心理健康状况影响因素研究

目的 :了解长沙市下岗工人的心理健康状况影响因素。方法 :对 6 75名下岗工人以及 6 6 9名在岗工人测试了症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )、特质应对方式量表 (TCQ)、社会支持量表 (SSQ)、生活事件量表 (LES)等 ,并用多元逐步回归分析方法对影响下岗工人心理健康状况的社会人口学、心理以及社会心理因素进行探讨。结果 :下岗工人的心理健康水平依年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、经济状况以及下岗时间的不同而不同。影响下岗工人心理健康水平的主要影响因素包括应对方式、生活事件、健康状况的主观感受、文化程度。

下岗和在岗职工家庭健康公平的比较研究

采取典型抽样的方法调查浙江省杭州市下岗和在岗职工家庭健康状况和卫生服务利用情况,比较2组人群的健康公平性,并对其卫生服务需求与利用进行了讨论。结果显示下岗职工家庭的两周患病率、慢性病患病率、未就诊率和需住院而未住院率均高于在岗职工家庭,医保覆盖率低于在岗职工家庭,经济困难是影响卫生服务利用的主要原因。建议应该关注下岗职工家庭的卫生服务需要,提高医疗保障的社会化程度,改善他们的卫生服务利用状况,促进健康公平。

下岗职工家庭卫生服务需求和利用状况分析

采取随机抽样的方法调查了我国杭州、海口、保定、沈阳、成都5市下岗职工家庭健康状况,调查有效户为941户,共3050人,分析了下岗职工家庭卫生服务需求和利用的特点。结果表明,下岗职工家庭慢性病发病率较高,卫生服务利用不足,其就诊流向主要为社区卫生服务站,据此提出要深入开展社区卫生服务,保障和提高下岗职工家庭卫生服务利用水平,从而改善下岗职工家庭的健康状况。

下岗职工家庭社区卫生服务健康保障模式的构建

对我国杭州、海口、保定、沈阳、成都5市941户下岗职工家庭健康状况、卫生服务需求和利用进行调查,发现下岗职工家庭健康状况存在卫生服务高需求和低利用现象。在此基础上提出构建与我国经济社会发展相适应的下岗职工社区卫生服务健康保障模式,为我国社会医疗保障体系的改革和卫生服务公平性的研究提供依据。

不同性别下岗工人创业时的社会资本比较

经济改革体制、产业结构调整引发国企职工下岗 ,由此产生下岗人群再就业的特殊问题 ,即将转变为市场化的体制下失业人群再就业的普遍问题。就业在未来十年将始终是热点问题。本文根据西部地区的调查资料 ,从社会性别视角 ,从西部下岗职工这一特定人群自谋职业入手 ,分析和比较不同性别的下岗职工创业时社会资本、体制和人力资本等方面的差异 ,来解释下岗者的社会资本与创业的关系 ,讨论如何帮助下岗者创业。最后提出未来改进的政策建议。

下岗工人心理健康状况研究

目的 :了解长沙市下岗工人的心理健康状况。方法 :对 6 75名下岗工人以及 6 6 9名在岗工人进行症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )、自尊量表 (SES)、幸福感指数量表 (IOWB)测定 ,比较其心理健康水平。结果 :近三分之二的下岗工人 (6 3.6 % )存在不同程度心理健康问题 ,主要心理症状为躯体化、强迫、焦虑、抑郁、人际敏感 ,尤以躯体化症状明显。下岗工人自尊水平及幸福感指数明显低于在岗工人。结论 :提高下岗人群的心理健康水平是当前迫切需要解决的问题 ,应受到下岗者个人、家庭、社区以及政府部门的高度重视。

下岗职工再就业心理行为及辅导模式研究

通过问卷调查、深度访谈、案例分析和培训实验等实证方法 ,研究发现下岗职工的认知归因、情绪控制、求职自我效能和求职应对技能等心理行为因素是制约其能否再就业的关键要素。以这些心理行为因素为干预辅导内容 ,采用小组讨论学习法等主动性学习方法进行的针对性辅导 ,可增强下岗职工的求职自信心和应对技能 ,提高其再就业的成功率和稳定性。

教育的收入效应新探——劳动力工作流动的视角

劳动力工作流动可分为辞职和被解雇两种方式。一方面,受教育程度越高的工作流动者辞职的可能性越大,而受教育程度越低的工作流动者被解雇的可能性越大,另一方面,辞职者的收入增长速度高于被解雇者,所以工作流动扩大了不同受教育程度的工作流动者之间的收入差距,这意味着工作流动增强了教育的收入效应,换言之,工作流动提高了教育收益率。本文的政策含义是,进一步深化劳动就业制度改革,尤其是在政府机关和事业单位真正实行劳动聘用制。

煤炭企业下岗职工创业障碍及对策——基于阜新市煤炭企业下岗职工再就业调查1的分析

介绍了阜新市煤炭企业下岗职工创业的基本状况,分析了煤炭企业下岗职工自己资金匮乏、技能单一、文化程度低、畏难心理、社会资本短缺和年龄较大等创业障碍,提出了设立专门的小额创业贷款和创业帮扶机制、建立青年下岗职工免费长期职业教育机制、建立煤炭企业下岗职工志愿心理辅导队伍、实施外出打工者未成年子女资助帮扶计划和成立科技帮扶公司等政策建议。

下岗人员MMPI测试结果分析

目的 了解下岗人员的心理特征。方法 采用 MMPI问卷对男性 31例 ,女性 37例受试者进行测查。结果 男性中 D、D2 、D±、D+ +、D- S、Am、R、Pd2 、Pa3和 Mf3量表分显著高于常模 ,HOS和 Mf4量表分显著低于常模 ;女性中 F、Hs、Hs+ 、Hs+ + 、HEA、REL、Sm、Am、Als、Reg、D3和 Mf3量表的分显著高于常模 ,FEM、N和 Dy量表的分显著低于常模。结论 下岗后的主要心理问题男性是抑郁、冷漠 ;女性是疑病、躯体不适。

公共图书馆在和谐社会如何为弱势群体服务

论述了关注弱势群体对和谐社会的重大意义,图书馆在和谐社会中为弱势群体服务的必要性,进一步阐述了图书馆为弱势群体服务的具体措施。