Hydrochemical characteristics and geochemistry evolution of groundwater in the plain area of the Lake Baiyangdian watershed,North China Plain

Water cycle and water quality in the Lake Baiyangdian watershed of the North China Plain have undergone great changes due to over-pumping of groundwater and wastewater discharge.In this paper,hydrogeochemical data was collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and geochemistry evolution of groundwater.The study area was divided into two typical parts.One was in the upstream plain area,where over-pumping had resulted in significant decline of groundwater level;the other one was located in the downstream area near the Fu River and Lake Baiyangdian(Lake BYD region).In addition to the natural weathering of minerals,excessive fertilizer was also a main factor of higher ion concentration in groundwater.According to studies,due to good permeability,these regions were easy to be polluted even with deep groundwater depth.However,upstream shallow groundwater and surface water,including lake water,domestic along with industrial wastewater were all sources of present shallow groundwater in the Lake BYD region.Results indicated that anthropogenic activities rather than minerals much matter to the groundwater in these regions.Particularly,wastewater largely decided the groundwater quality,which suggested that the management and restoration of surface water quality was crucial to groundwater protection.

Assessment of the Spatial and Temporal Water Eutrophication for Lake Baiyangdian Based on Integrated Fuzzy Method

Water quality evaluation entails both randomness and fuzziness. Considering that water eutrophication evaluation involves many indices, different classifications and interval values, fuzzy variable sets theory was developed to Lake Baiyangdian as a study case. Taking reference to eutrophication standard of Chinese lakes and local characteristic of Lake Baiyangdian, eutrophication degree of lake was divided into 8 levels. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and CODMn were selected as evaluation indices in this research. Based on the measured data, index feature value matrix of sample was built. Index weights were determined by means of pure threshold value method. Relative membership degree of each index to each classification was calculated with relative difference function model. Then the stability of feature value of classification corresponding was received by the comprehensive calculation with the relative membership degree and index weights. The results show that the proposed models are effective tools for generating a set of realistic and flexible optimal solutions for complicated water quality evaluation issues. It concluded that the model was reasonable and practical.

Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake,North China:Concentrations,sources profiles and potential risk

Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river(Fuhe River) in North China.Total concentrations of OCPs,PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng/g,2.3 to 197.8 ng/g,and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng/g,respectively.The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake.For hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethanes(DDTs),α-HCH and p,p-DDT were predominant isomers;while for PCBs,PCB 28/31,PCB 40/103,PCB 60,PCB 101,and PCB 118 were predominant congeners.Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel,wood,and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs.Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.

Impact of transferred water on the hydrochemistry and water quality of surface water and groundwater in Baiyangdian Lake,North China

The hydrochemical composition of surface water and groundwater is a key parameter for understanding the evolution of water and its quality.In particular,little is known about the impact of transferred water on surface water and groundwater.In this study,Baiyangdian Lake was selected as a typical area for extensive groundwater exploration and surface water transfer in the North China Plain.Surface water and groundwater samples were sampled in dry/wet seasons and then analyzed before/after the water transfer,respectively.Generally,surface water and groundwater are extensively hydrologically connected based on hydrochemical evidence.It was found that the hydrochemical composition of the shallow groundwater is affected by the surface water and that the water quality of the deep groundwater is stable.However,inter-aquifer recharge processes from the shallow groundwater to the deep groundwater existed in the anthropogenic region impacted with high nitrate-ion concentrations.Also,the hydrochemical composition of the surface water and groundwater was dominated by rock-weathering and evaporation-precipitation processes.Due to the existence of the deep vadose zone in the alluvial fan,Na^(+)was exchanged into soil matrices during the leakage of the surface water.In addition,the transferred water resulted in surface water with good quality,and it also played as an important recharge source to groundwater.As the most important water resource for irrigation and drinking,deep groundwater should be paid more attention in the alluvial fan with frequent water transfer and extensive groundwater exploration.

Shrinking and Drying up of Baiyangdian Lake Wetland:A Natural or Human Cause?

The shrinking and drying up of wetlands in arid and semiarid areas of China have been widely observed in the recent years,but there has been no consensus on whether the aggravation is caused by human activities or by global climate warming.For a better understanding of the cause,this study investigates the dynamic changes of Baiyangdian Lake wetland over the last 40 years.It is shown that since the 1980s,Baiyangdian Lake has suffered from an insufficient water input and shrunk considerably.By using SPSS11.0,this study undertakes a detailed analysis on the significance of the effects of the possible driving factors for the degradation.It is identified that the North China Plain has been warming up significantly in recent years,which causes a significant reduction in the precipitation and inflow to the lake.Although human disturbances such as the irrigation and storage of water in reservoirs do not play a decisive role,they accelerate the degradation and their effects should be minimized.

白洋淀浮游生物群落结构及关键环境因子分析

浮游生物对环境变化敏感,可作为环境监测的指示生物。2021年9月,采用冗余分析法、相关性分析法对白洋淀浮游生物及关键环境因子进行研究。共鉴定出浮游动物47种,优势种为无节幼体、近邻剑水蚤、萼花臂尾轮虫、螺形龟甲轮虫、针簇多肢轮虫、曲腿龟甲轮虫、长额象鼻溞、卜氏晶囊轮虫;共鉴定出浮游植物143种,优势种为小球藻、梅尼小环藻、席藻和尘埃微囊藻。分析结果表明:浮游动物多样性指数与环境因子之间的相关性不显著;浮游植物多样性指数与总氮含量、pH、化学需氧量、亚硝态氮含量显著相关;pH、化学需氧量是影响浮游动物群落分布的主要环境因子,亚硝态氮含量、pH、总氮含量是影响浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子。pH、化学需氧量、亚硝态氮含量、总氮含量及浮游生物多样性指数可作为白洋淀水质状况的重要评价指标。

白洋淀上游流经城区前后细菌群落结构和功能与环境因子的关联研究

细菌群落作为水生态环境的重要组成部分,其结构和功能研究可为水生态环境污染监测与治理提供技术支撑。通过对流经城区白洋淀上游河流细菌群落的高通量测序和环境因子的监测,分析城市环境因素对白洋淀上游水质的影响,并深入探究细菌群落功能与污染物动态变化的关系。结果表明,城市环境对白洋淀上游生态环境的影响较大,上、中、下游的水质等级差异显著。城区中汇入的各类污染物不仅影响细菌群落结构,使得污染严重流域高丰度的细菌种群减少和细菌群落多样性增加;还与细菌群落的硝酸盐和磷酸盐代谢功能密切相关。同时,河流虽汇集了城区的各类污染物,但下游的细菌群落结构和部分氮、磷代谢功能均有恢复为上游水平的趋势。此外,高丰度的黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)受各类菌群和污染物的抑制作用较大,但验证其与NO-3-N污染物具有较强的相关性。对白洋淀上游流经城区前后细菌群落结构和功能与环境因子动态变化的关联研究,为白洋淀流域生态环境保护与污染治理提供理论依据。

府河汛期生物多样性及水生态环境质量状况评价

以常年有水入白洋淀的府河为研究对象,从河流浮游动植物、底栖生物、鱼类、大型维管束植物等方面开展汛期府河水生态环境质量状况调查与评价。通过府河水生态环境质量综合评价指数FEQI结果显示:府河水生态环境质量状态为上游良好、中游和下游中等。研究发现,不同水文条件下水生生物密度及生物量存在局部差异;府河的生物多样性趋于平稳。总体来看,保定市府河水生态环境质量状态在中等-良好之间,上游段良好,中游下游河段水质中等。

生态女性主义视角下关仁山《白洋淀上》解读

满族作家关仁山,受满族文化和道家思想的滋养,始终关注人与自然的关系,他有感于生态环境危机,创作出不少饱含生态文化维度的文学作品。在《白洋淀上》这部新作中,关仁山将自然与女性联系起来,对二者的物化、崛起、亲近性做出了生动描述,形成了文本中独特的生态女性主义审美意蕴。作品中的女性视角及对人类精神生态危机的指认,成为生态书写的新向度,利于生态文明建设。

白洋淀表层沉积物氮磷分布、储量及污染评价

白洋淀是雄安新区核心生态功能区,为查明白洋淀表层沉积物氮磷分布特征、储量及污染程度,系统开展了氮磷营养盐调查及污染评价。结果表明:白洋淀底泥层总氮含量为528.5~10566.5 mg/kg,均值为2859.91 mg/kg,总磷含量为425.7~2446.0 mg/kg,均值为789.22 mg/kg;过渡层总氮含量为318.5~4662.0 mg/kg,均值为1706.7 mg/kg,总磷含量为315.05~976.30 mg/kg,均值为598.97 mg/kg;表层沉积物总氮总储量为15.86×10^(4)t,其中底泥层总氮储量为3.76×10^(4)t,过渡层总氮储量为12.10×10^(4)t;总磷总储量为5.54×10^(4)t,其中底泥层总磷储量为1.02×10^(4)t,过渡层总磷储量为4.52×10^(4)t。根据综合污染指数法评价结果,白洋淀湿地底泥层氮磷污染程度均为重度,过渡层除烧车淀为重度外,其余各淀泊均为中度或轻度。

白洋淀湖泊原位蒸发试验研究

在生态环境脆弱和水资源短缺的雄安新区白洋淀,湖泊水面蒸发是其地表水主要排泄方式之一,研究湖泊蒸发对认识湖泊水循环、生态需水量评价及湖泊生态功能恢复等方面有重要现实意义和科学价值。然而白洋淀湖泊内蒸发实测资料有限,一般采用邻近陆地观测站数据折算或经验模型法估算其蒸发量,计算误差较大,不能准确描述白洋淀湖泊蒸发量。研究在白洋淀湖泊开展原位试验,在湖泊中心位置建立E601蒸发站和20 m^(2)蒸发池观测蒸发量,并建立自动气象站同时监测气象数据,利用E601蒸发站和气象站数据使用相关分析和多元线性回归模型方法分析了蒸发与各气象因素之间的相关性,并将E601蒸发站观测数据与20 m^(2)蒸发池观测数据及数值模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,夏季白洋淀湖泊水面蒸发量日变化较剧烈,变化范围在0.4~6.6 mm/d,6月蒸发量最大,7—8月随降水增多蒸发量有所下降。夏季湖泊水面蒸发受太阳辐射和湿度2种因素影响较大。以20 m^(2)蒸发池蒸发量作为湖泊水面蒸发量,观测期内E601蒸发站观测蒸发量高于湖泊水面实际蒸发量,通过当地蒸发折算系数折算后可更准确估算湖泊蒸发量。试验获得白洋淀湖泊内20 m^(2)蒸发池与E601蒸发站蒸发折算系数约为0.98,较前人研究略偏大。研究结果可为白洋淀地区水面蒸发量计算提供基础依据。

白洋淀近七十年来“干淀”问题探析

“干淀”是白洋淀水资源不足、水环境变化的重要表征。白洋淀浅碟状的地形决定了其蓄水能力弱、蒸发量大和下渗量大,伴随着气候转干,降雨量减少,加之域内工农业用水量增大、上游水利工程截水量大和地下水超采严重,地表径流量进一步减少,多种因素导致白洋淀在经历了20世纪五六十年代丰水期后,七八十年代入淀水量锐减,“干淀”频现,不得已采取“引水济淀”和“综合治理”,力求解除“干淀”威胁。

白洋淀沉水植物机械收割对淀区水质影响分析

为了解决白洋淀内源污染问题,对淀区沉水植物进行适时收割十分有必要,因此,考察了沉水植物机械收割对淀区水质及富营养化状态的影响,并定量分析了沉水植物收割对淀区水体所贡献的氮、磷削减量,为白洋淀水草收割提供理论指导与数据支持。结果表明,植物机械收割会对淀区水体造成一定程度的扰动,致使水体浊度增加,并且水体溶解氧浓度平均降低1.78~3.61 mg·L~(-1)。但是,与处于植物生长期和衰亡期的淀区水域相比,经过植物生长末期收割的水域其有机物、总氮、氨氮、总磷平均浓度分别减少了28.0%~35.3%、55.8%~69.1%、25.0%~33.3%、50.0%~90.9%,说明通过收割将植物残体带出水体,可有效避免植物衰亡腐解向水体中释放有机物和氮磷等污染物,以叶绿素a、总磷、总氮为代表的营养状态指数也分别下降了81.8%~87.3%、17.3%~31.4%、17.6%~42.6%,水体富营养化程度从轻度/中度富营养降到贫/中营养,且每收割1 t沉水植物所贡献的淀区氮削减量为39.4~49.6 kg、磷削减量为2.30~3.18 kg。

雄安新区水网建设研究与实践

高标准、高质量建设雄安新区,要贯彻“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路,将水作为基本底色,打造蓝绿交织、水城共融的水系网络。雄安新区设立6年来围绕白洋淀实施了水网连通工程,流域与城市水系网络基本构成;实施了13项防洪重点工程,起步区防洪标准基本达到200年一遇,初步形成的防洪体系在应对海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水中发挥了重要作用;推动治水由单一防洪保安向水资源综合利用转变,构建的梯级拦蓄系统显著增加了河道可用水量,优化调配了引黄水、引江水、上游水与再生水等水源,使得白洋淀淀区水位动态保持在6.5~7.0 m,水面面积维持在100 km^(2)以上;同时,综合推进了控源截污、河淀清淤整治等措施,将白洋淀水质提升至Ⅲ~Ⅳ类,260种野生鸟类安家落户。蓝绿交织、水城共融的雄安新区水网目前已具雏形。

白洋淀入淀河流溶解有机物沿程变化特征及来源解析

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱,结合平行因子分析、主成分分析等方法,分析了白洋淀3条入淀河流(府河、孝义河、白沟引河)中发色团溶解有机物(CDOM)的光谱特征,阐释了CDOM组成、来源及对水质的影响机制。结果发现:河流CDOM平均浓度顺序为府河>孝义河>白沟引河,其中,府河CDOM的芳香性与分子量高于其他河流,白沟引河腐殖化程度高于其他河流,孝义河CDOM中内源性物质占比高于其他河流;3条河流均检出类腐殖质组分C1、C2、C3和类蛋白质组分C4,其中C1、C2、C3来源相近,且与C4异源;3条河流各组分最大荧光强度和总荧光强度的沿程变化表明,府河CDOM为点源、面源混合来源,孝义河CDOM以点源输入为主,白沟引河CDOM来自水源本身。

白洋淀水生植物腐解释放特征分析

为研究白洋淀水生植物衰败期腐解释放特征,采用遥感解译和现场调查相结合的方法,对白洋淀水生植物进行了多维度调查,估算了典型优势水生植物菹草、篦齿眼子菜和莲的全氮、全磷、有机质腐解释放量,提出了白洋淀水生植物管理对策.结果表明:菹草、篦齿眼子菜和莲的腐解释放对白洋淀水质影响较大;易腐解组分在总生物量中的质量分数菹草为72%,篦齿眼子菜为40%,莲为12.14%;难腐解组分在总生物量中的质量分数菹草为28%,篦齿眼子菜为60%,莲为87.86%.优势水生植物全氮、全磷、有机质的释放效率不同,但所有植物腐解前期磷释放速率最快,菹草有机质的释放量最大.水生植物腐解释放具有明显的时间特征,与水生植物生长周期密切相关,集中在优势种的腐解时期.为控制白洋淀水生植物腐解释放污染,应根据水生植物的生长周期及腐解释放规律,在5月中旬对菹草进行收割,9月中下旬对莲和篦齿眼子菜进行收割,并拓展水生植物的资源化利用途径.

雄安新区府河综合治理工程及效果分析

府河是白洋淀3条常年有水的入淀河流之一,主要承接上游污水处理厂尾水,水质较差且存在一定的淤积,严重威胁白洋淀水质安全。府河综合治理工程通过河道疏通、垃圾清运处置、底泥清淤、生态修复和物联网工程等进行河道的综合生态治理。底泥清淤削减COD 2.47 t和NH_(3)-N 0.60 t,NH_(3)-N、TN和TP的释放量分别减少0.69 t/a、8.3 t/a和0.75 t/a;生态修复削减COD 17.30 t/a、NH_(3)-N 1.38 t/a和TP 0.35 t/a。工程实施后,有效提高了河流水动力条件与水体自净能力,河道生态环境得到明显改善,为类似入淀(湖)河流的治理提供参考。

白洋淀冬季鸟类物种多样性

鸟类多样性是湿地生态系统重要的监测指标,为掌握白洋淀冬季鸟类的资源情况,2021年12月至2022年2月采用样线法对白洋淀进行了调查.结果发现:1)共记录鸟类81种,隶属于16目34科,其中冬候鸟18种,留鸟35种,旅鸟21种,夏候鸟7种;2)优势种2种,常见种8种,稀有种19种,罕见种52种;3)国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类3种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类13种;4)鸟类种类12月份最多,鸟类数量1月份最大,Shannon-Wiener指数12月份最高,1月份最低,Pielou指数12月份最高,1月份最低.研究结果表明:白洋淀冬季鸟类资源丰富,是多种国家重点保护鸟类的越冬地,应加强对白洋淀的保护与监管力度.

白洋淀周边蓄滞洪区设计条件下运用防洪影响评价

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