Despite widespread concerns and elevated policy debates, little is known about the Chinese public＇s perceptions of water pollution and willingness to cooperate with government policies. Based on survey data, this stu...Despite widespread concerns and elevated policy debates, little is known about the Chinese public＇s perceptions of water pollution and willingness to cooperate with government policies. Based on survey data, this study examined Lake Tai resident perception of water pollution, willingness to pay （WTP） for water quality improvements, and its influencing factors. Contingent valuation （CV） results showed that respondents would prefer to pay 141 CNY per household a year, approximately 0.70% of their annual per capita disposable income, as an environmental fee to improve water quality in Lake Yai. Aggregate WTP for all five lakeside cities of Lake Tai was estimated at about 3.8 billion CNY, without discounts, in the next ten years. WTP was found to increase with income and female respondents were willing to pay more than males. Those respondents who were dissatisfied with water quality were more likely to pay more. The usage of Lake Tai did not strongly affect WTE展开更多
The Tai and Chao Lake basins are currently facing a serious water pollution crisis associated with the absence of an effective environmental governance system. The water pollution and the water governance system of th...The Tai and Chao Lake basins are currently facing a serious water pollution crisis associated with the absence of an effective environmental governance system. The water pollution and the water governance system of the two basins will be compared. The reasons for water pollution in both basins are similar, namely the weak current water environmental governance system cannot deal with the consequences of the rapidly growing economy. China’s water governance system is a complicated combination of basin management with both departmental management and regional management. There is an absence of legal support and sound coordination mechanisms, resulting in fragmented management practices in the existing water environmental governance system. A comparison is made for the Tai and Chao Lake basins and Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Based on China’s present central-local governance structure and departmental system, an integrated reform of basin level and water environmental governance in China should learn from international experiences. The reforms could consist of improved governance structures, rebuilding authoritative and powerful agencies for basin management, strengthening the organizational structure of the basin administrations, improving legislation and regulatory systems for basin management and enhancing public participation mechanisms.展开更多
【目的】基于田间试验,探讨不同形态秸秆还于稻田后耕层土壤有机质含量及其分子组成的动态变化,为秸秆资源化利用和稻田土壤固碳提供依据。【方法】选择江苏省常熟市某村的乌栅土稻田,选用新鲜未处理(CS)、过腹处理(CM)和炭化处理(CB)...【目的】基于田间试验,探讨不同形态秸秆还于稻田后耕层土壤有机质含量及其分子组成的动态变化,为秸秆资源化利用和稻田土壤固碳提供依据。【方法】选择江苏省常熟市某村的乌栅土稻田,选用新鲜未处理(CS)、过腹处理(CM)和炭化处理(CB)的玉米秸秆,于2015年6月以等碳量(10 t C·hm^(-2))一次性还田,并以未还田处理作为对照(CK),分别于2015、2017和2019年水稻收获时采集耕层(0—15 cm)土样测定有机碳含量,并采用13C同位素丰度和生物标志物提取-GC/MS鉴定探析有机质组成变化。【结果】与CK相比,还田当年和2年后所有还田处理都显著提高了耕层土壤有机碳含量(8%—36%),但还田4年后,仅CB处理有机碳含量显著增加(24%),且增加的碳来源于施入的生物质炭。还田2年后,CS和CM处理土壤有机质中木质素酚丰度达到峰值,分别比CK增加了115%和66%;还田4年后,所有还田处理的植物源脂类的丰度均显著提高,相应地,植物源与微生物源脂类的丰度比(PL/ML)和生物标志物组分的多样性指数(H’)也显著提升。【结论】分子组成的变化可以用来判明不同形式秸秆还田下土壤有机质质量的变化;秸秆炭化还田比直接还田和过腹还田有利于稻田土壤固碳,且增强了植物源有机组分在土壤中的持留,提升了土壤有机质的分子多样性。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70873107)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2005CB121104)
文摘Despite widespread concerns and elevated policy debates, little is known about the Chinese public＇s perceptions of water pollution and willingness to cooperate with government policies. Based on survey data, this study examined Lake Tai resident perception of water pollution, willingness to pay （WTP） for water quality improvements, and its influencing factors. Contingent valuation （CV） results showed that respondents would prefer to pay 141 CNY per household a year, approximately 0.70% of their annual per capita disposable income, as an environmental fee to improve water quality in Lake Yai. Aggregate WTP for all five lakeside cities of Lake Tai was estimated at about 3.8 billion CNY, without discounts, in the next ten years. WTP was found to increase with income and female respondents were willing to pay more than males. Those respondents who were dissatisfied with water quality were more likely to pay more. The usage of Lake Tai did not strongly affect WTE
文摘The Tai and Chao Lake basins are currently facing a serious water pollution crisis associated with the absence of an effective environmental governance system. The water pollution and the water governance system of the two basins will be compared. The reasons for water pollution in both basins are similar, namely the weak current water environmental governance system cannot deal with the consequences of the rapidly growing economy. China’s water governance system is a complicated combination of basin management with both departmental management and regional management. There is an absence of legal support and sound coordination mechanisms, resulting in fragmented management practices in the existing water environmental governance system. A comparison is made for the Tai and Chao Lake basins and Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Based on China’s present central-local governance structure and departmental system, an integrated reform of basin level and water environmental governance in China should learn from international experiences. The reforms could consist of improved governance structures, rebuilding authoritative and powerful agencies for basin management, strengthening the organizational structure of the basin administrations, improving legislation and regulatory systems for basin management and enhancing public participation mechanisms.
文摘【目的】基于田间试验,探讨不同形态秸秆还于稻田后耕层土壤有机质含量及其分子组成的动态变化,为秸秆资源化利用和稻田土壤固碳提供依据。【方法】选择江苏省常熟市某村的乌栅土稻田,选用新鲜未处理(CS)、过腹处理(CM)和炭化处理(CB)的玉米秸秆,于2015年6月以等碳量(10 t C·hm^(-2))一次性还田,并以未还田处理作为对照(CK),分别于2015、2017和2019年水稻收获时采集耕层(0—15 cm)土样测定有机碳含量,并采用13C同位素丰度和生物标志物提取-GC/MS鉴定探析有机质组成变化。【结果】与CK相比,还田当年和2年后所有还田处理都显著提高了耕层土壤有机碳含量(8%—36%),但还田4年后,仅CB处理有机碳含量显著增加(24%),且增加的碳来源于施入的生物质炭。还田2年后,CS和CM处理土壤有机质中木质素酚丰度达到峰值,分别比CK增加了115%和66%;还田4年后,所有还田处理的植物源脂类的丰度均显著提高,相应地,植物源与微生物源脂类的丰度比(PL/ML)和生物标志物组分的多样性指数(H’)也显著提升。【结论】分子组成的变化可以用来判明不同形式秸秆还田下土壤有机质质量的变化;秸秆炭化还田比直接还田和过腹还田有利于稻田土壤固碳,且增强了植物源有机组分在土壤中的持留,提升了土壤有机质的分子多样性。
