The paper discusses the distribution of Quaternary sediments, occurrence of saline minerals and phases of neotectonic movements and their manifestations in the Qaidam basin. The formation of four successive lacustrine...The paper discusses the distribution of Quaternary sediments, occurrence of saline minerals and phases of neotectonic movements and their manifestations in the Qaidam basin. The formation of four successive lacustrine terraces in Tertiary anticlinal zones in the western part of the basin was related to the neotectonic movements that took place 100 Ka ago, and the distribution of such terraces discloses, in a way. the evolutionary history of the Quaternary salt lakes. According to the distribution of the terraces coupled with the distribution of Quaternary sediments and features of salt deposition, four periods of Quaternary salt lake evolution in the basin may be distinguished, which correspond to four stages of salt deposition respectively.展开更多
Jianghan Lakes lie in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The evolution of the lakes during Holocene can be divided into three periods. Since Ming Dynasty, owing to natural factors and human activity, the lakes h...Jianghan Lakes lie in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The evolution of the lakes during Holocene can be divided into three periods. Since Ming Dynasty, owing to natural factors and human activity, the lakes have accelerated the shrinking process. This has resulted in a series of rural and urban environmental problems, such as the disasters of flooding, inundation, and water\|logging; declination of aquatic resources; increase of diseases; swamping of lake districts; and deterioration of urban environment (taking Wuhan City into consideration). In order to realize sustainable development in this area, several corresponding countermeasures should be taken.展开更多
Ecological and palaeoecological studies were carried out in a series of lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38′S, 78°06′E) on eastern Antarctic continent. Dynamics types of the lakes in environmental geomorpho...Ecological and palaeoecological studies were carried out in a series of lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38′S, 78°06′E) on eastern Antarctic continent. Dynamics types of the lakes in environmental geomorphology and physic chemistry, as well as features of biological community structures in different lakes were analyzed. Marine macro and micro fossils collected from the terraces and beaches surrounding these lakes and determined in 14 C radiocarbon ages to be the Late Pleistocene, were used as evidences to show the evolutionary processes of the lakes after sea level changes and transgressions since 18000 a B.P.. Basic modals of evolution for the lakes given in the paper could be regarded as not only explaining the history of environmental and ecological changes in VH lakes, and also reflecting of local environmental evolution in Antarctic region and global climate changes from past to present time.展开更多
Lop Nur is located in the interior of Asian and the lowest part in the eastern Tarim Basin.It is the final destination of major river systems in Tarim Basin and the accumulation center of salt materials(Xia,1987).As
1 Introduction The Qarhan Playa of Qaidam Basin is located at the northeastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau(QTP),in which thick lacustrine and evaporate sediments deposited since the late Pleistocene(Chen et al.,1985,1986)....1 Introduction The Qarhan Playa of Qaidam Basin is located at the northeastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau(QTP),in which thick lacustrine and evaporate sediments deposited since the late Pleistocene(Chen et al.,1985,1986).As surrounded by capacious Gobi and yardang fields and suffered strong westerly-northwesterly wind,abundant aeolian materials were trapped in these sediment sequences in the展开更多
The hydrocarbon generation effectiveness of lacustrine limestone has been gradually proven. The Da'anzhai Member limestone is the most important Jurassic oil-producing layer in the central Sichuan Basin, and the c...The hydrocarbon generation effectiveness of lacustrine limestone has been gradually proven. The Da'anzhai Member limestone is the most important Jurassic oil-producing layer in the central Sichuan Basin, and the characteristics of limestone organic matter are often overlooked. 175 typical samples of different lithologies from 19 wells were systematically analyzed to determine hydrocarbon generation, controlling factors and formation models by analyses of organic matter, minerals, elements, isotopes and petrography. (1) Lacustrine paleoenvironments can be beneficial for the enrichment of organic matter in limestone. A favorable environment would be a quiet, low-energy zone in a warm and humid climate with an appropriate supply of terrestrial inputs. (2) Lacustrine limestone has a higher organic matter conversion rate, and a lower hydrocarbon generation threshold than argillaceous source rocks, and can be effective source rock. (3) The mud-bearing shell limestone from the forebeach to the lake slope is thick, with a relatively high abundance of organic matter, and its hydrocarbon generation is effective. This study can clarify the effectiveness and enrichment of the limestone organic matters in the study area, and contribute to an understanding of hydrocarbon generation for full-rock system in a lacustrine mixed sedimentary environment.展开更多
1 Introduction Situated in the Iberian Peninsula,Lake Cisóis a sulphide-rich lake that belongs to the Ba?oles karstic system in Girona,north-eastern part of Spain.Lake Cisóis holomictic,and covers a small ar...1 Introduction Situated in the Iberian Peninsula,Lake Cisóis a sulphide-rich lake that belongs to the Ba?oles karstic system in Girona,north-eastern part of Spain.Lake Cisóis holomictic,and covers a small area of around 650 m2 and展开更多
As the second common type of volcanic vent on Earth, maar-diatreme volcanoes and their post-eruptive lacustrine sediments are a main focus of volcanology, palaeolimnology, palaeoclimatology and palaeontology. A number...As the second common type of volcanic vent on Earth, maar-diatreme volcanoes and their post-eruptive lacustrine sediments are a main focus of volcanology, palaeolimnology, palaeoclimatology and palaeontology. A number of maar-type volcanoes have been found in Leizhou Peninsula, South China, but little is known about their eruption processes and detailed stratigraphy of the post-eruptive sediments. We present a combined geophysical and geological analysis to study the eruptive history and post-eruptive sediment stratigraphy of a large maar, the elliptical(1.8 × 3.0 km^(2)) Jiudouyang(JDY) maar. The lacustrine stratigraphy revealed by drilling cores shows that the JDY maar lake has three major stages of evolution:(i) deep-lake sedimentary environment characterized by high autochthonous diatom productivity;(ii) shallow lake to swamp with very low water levels, characterized by a high total organic carbon(TOC) and abundant wood fragments;and,(iii) intermittent shallow lake and alluvial deposits composed of clay minerals and sand. The electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) values and lithological features are highly consistent, which clearly reveal the presence of ca. 50 m thick lacustrine sediments, directly underlain by a ca. 70 m thick basaltic lava rather than diatreme breccia in the crater. This infill sequence implies an alternation of eruption style from phreatomagmatic to Strombolian and/or lava flow, due to high magma flux and ascent rate of the Hainan Plume during the middle Pleistocene. The ERT data also reveal the initial phreatomagmatic crater floor at ca. 120 m depth. The initial crater had a large diameter/depth ratio(ca. 17), with an elongated shape(major axis to minor axis = 0.6), implying possible lateral vent migration during the eruption. A significant erosion under tropical weathering condition during the last few hundred thousand years, accounted for the large size of the maar crater. The study provides insights into the eruptive history and post-eruptive evolution of a large maar, as well as the spatial distribution of the lacustrine sediments.展开更多
文摘The paper discusses the distribution of Quaternary sediments, occurrence of saline minerals and phases of neotectonic movements and their manifestations in the Qaidam basin. The formation of four successive lacustrine terraces in Tertiary anticlinal zones in the western part of the basin was related to the neotectonic movements that took place 100 Ka ago, and the distribution of such terraces discloses, in a way. the evolutionary history of the Quaternary salt lakes. According to the distribution of the terraces coupled with the distribution of Quaternary sediments and features of salt deposition, four periods of Quaternary salt lake evolution in the basin may be distinguished, which correspond to four stages of salt deposition respectively.
文摘Jianghan Lakes lie in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The evolution of the lakes during Holocene can be divided into three periods. Since Ming Dynasty, owing to natural factors and human activity, the lakes have accelerated the shrinking process. This has resulted in a series of rural and urban environmental problems, such as the disasters of flooding, inundation, and water\|logging; declination of aquatic resources; increase of diseases; swamping of lake districts; and deterioration of urban environment (taking Wuhan City into consideration). In order to realize sustainable development in this area, several corresponding countermeasures should be taken.
文摘Ecological and palaeoecological studies were carried out in a series of lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38′S, 78°06′E) on eastern Antarctic continent. Dynamics types of the lakes in environmental geomorphology and physic chemistry, as well as features of biological community structures in different lakes were analyzed. Marine macro and micro fossils collected from the terraces and beaches surrounding these lakes and determined in 14 C radiocarbon ages to be the Late Pleistocene, were used as evidences to show the evolutionary processes of the lakes after sea level changes and transgressions since 18000 a B.P.. Basic modals of evolution for the lakes given in the paper could be regarded as not only explaining the history of environmental and ecological changes in VH lakes, and also reflecting of local environmental evolution in Antarctic region and global climate changes from past to present time.
文摘Lop Nur is located in the interior of Asian and the lowest part in the eastern Tarim Basin.It is the final destination of major river systems in Tarim Basin and the accumulation center of salt materials(Xia,1987).As
文摘1 Introduction The Qarhan Playa of Qaidam Basin is located at the northeastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau(QTP),in which thick lacustrine and evaporate sediments deposited since the late Pleistocene(Chen et al.,1985,1986).As surrounded by capacious Gobi and yardang fields and suffered strong westerly-northwesterly wind,abundant aeolian materials were trapped in these sediment sequences in the
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 41902131 and 41821002 and 4169130014).
文摘The hydrocarbon generation effectiveness of lacustrine limestone has been gradually proven. The Da'anzhai Member limestone is the most important Jurassic oil-producing layer in the central Sichuan Basin, and the characteristics of limestone organic matter are often overlooked. 175 typical samples of different lithologies from 19 wells were systematically analyzed to determine hydrocarbon generation, controlling factors and formation models by analyses of organic matter, minerals, elements, isotopes and petrography. (1) Lacustrine paleoenvironments can be beneficial for the enrichment of organic matter in limestone. A favorable environment would be a quiet, low-energy zone in a warm and humid climate with an appropriate supply of terrestrial inputs. (2) Lacustrine limestone has a higher organic matter conversion rate, and a lower hydrocarbon generation threshold than argillaceous source rocks, and can be effective source rock. (3) The mud-bearing shell limestone from the forebeach to the lake slope is thick, with a relatively high abundance of organic matter, and its hydrocarbon generation is effective. This study can clarify the effectiveness and enrichment of the limestone organic matters in the study area, and contribute to an understanding of hydrocarbon generation for full-rock system in a lacustrine mixed sedimentary environment.
文摘1 Introduction Situated in the Iberian Peninsula,Lake Cisóis a sulphide-rich lake that belongs to the Ba?oles karstic system in Girona,north-eastern part of Spain.Lake Cisóis holomictic,and covers a small area of around 650 m2 and
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016 YFA0600500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41472143 and 41661144003)the Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team of Geological Processes and Natural Disasters around the South China Sea(Grant No.2016ZT06N331)。
文摘As the second common type of volcanic vent on Earth, maar-diatreme volcanoes and their post-eruptive lacustrine sediments are a main focus of volcanology, palaeolimnology, palaeoclimatology and palaeontology. A number of maar-type volcanoes have been found in Leizhou Peninsula, South China, but little is known about their eruption processes and detailed stratigraphy of the post-eruptive sediments. We present a combined geophysical and geological analysis to study the eruptive history and post-eruptive sediment stratigraphy of a large maar, the elliptical(1.8 × 3.0 km^(2)) Jiudouyang(JDY) maar. The lacustrine stratigraphy revealed by drilling cores shows that the JDY maar lake has three major stages of evolution:(i) deep-lake sedimentary environment characterized by high autochthonous diatom productivity;(ii) shallow lake to swamp with very low water levels, characterized by a high total organic carbon(TOC) and abundant wood fragments;and,(iii) intermittent shallow lake and alluvial deposits composed of clay minerals and sand. The electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) values and lithological features are highly consistent, which clearly reveal the presence of ca. 50 m thick lacustrine sediments, directly underlain by a ca. 70 m thick basaltic lava rather than diatreme breccia in the crater. This infill sequence implies an alternation of eruption style from phreatomagmatic to Strombolian and/or lava flow, due to high magma flux and ascent rate of the Hainan Plume during the middle Pleistocene. The ERT data also reveal the initial phreatomagmatic crater floor at ca. 120 m depth. The initial crater had a large diameter/depth ratio(ca. 17), with an elongated shape(major axis to minor axis = 0.6), implying possible lateral vent migration during the eruption. A significant erosion under tropical weathering condition during the last few hundred thousand years, accounted for the large size of the maar crater. The study provides insights into the eruptive history and post-eruptive evolution of a large maar, as well as the spatial distribution of the lacustrine sediments.
