Dietary supplementation of laminarin improves the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling piglets

Background Maternal nutrition is essential in keeping a highly efficient production system in the pig industry.Laminarin has been shown to improve antioxidant capacity,reduce the inflammatory response,and favor the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.However,the effect of dietary supplementation of laminarin on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling offspring remains unknown.Methods A total of 40 Landrace×Yorkshire multiparous sows on d 85 of gestation,similar in age,body weight(BW),parity and reproductive performance,were randomly divided into four dietary treatments with 10 sows per treatment,receiving a control diet(basal pregnancy or lactating diets)and a basal diet supplemented with 0.025%,0.05%and 0.10%laminarin,respectively.The experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation.Results Laminarin supplementation linearly increased number born alive per litter(P=0.03),average daily feed intake(ADFI,P<0.01),and total milk yield of sows during the lactation of 1–21 d(P=0.02).Furthermore,maternal laminarin supplementation increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets while tending to reduce the culling and death rate before weaning.In addition,alterations to the composition of colostrum and milk,as well as to serum inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins of sows were observed.The fecal microbiota profile of sows supported the improvement of reproductive performance in sows and the growth performance in suckling offspring.Conclusions Dietary supplementation of laminarin during late pregnancy and lactation could significantly improve reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets.

Cloning,Expressing and Characterizing a Novel Cold-Adapted Laminarinase from Marine Bacterium Wenyingzhuangia aestuarii OF219

Laminarinases reveal potential application in the field of food and biotechnology.In this research,a novel GH16 family laminarinase,designated as Lam16A_Wa,was cloned from the genome of marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia aestuarii OF219 and expressed in Escherichia coli.Lam16A_Wa demonstrates a relatively low optimal reaction temperature(35℃)and a cold-adapted feature.Its optimal pH value is 6.0 and is stable in a broad pH range from 3.0 to 11.0.A glycomics strategy was employed to investigate the hydrolytic pattern of Lam16A_Wa.The enzyme was confirmed as a random endo-acting glycoside hydrolase.Its minimum substrate was laminarin pentasaccharide,and the major final products are oligosaccharides,including disaccharide to pentasaccharide.The Lam16A_Wa provides a novel and well-defined tool for the molecular tailoring of laminarin.

Laminarin and Laminarin Oligosaccharides Originating from Brown Algae:Preparation,Biological Activities,and Potential Applications

Brown algae is one of the three major types of marine algae and includes approximately 2000 species.It is widely dis-tributed in various seas around the world.Brown algae contain a plethora of active substances,such as polysaccharides,polyphe-nols,omega-3 fatty acids,and carotenoids.Laminarin,a type of storage carbohydrate found abundantly in brown algae,is mainly formed by glucose monomers linked byβ-1,3-glucosidic bonds and partialβ-1,6-glucosidic bonds.Laminarin and laminarin oligo-saccharides,which contain 2-10 saccharide units,have extensive biological activities,such as antitumor,antioxidant,anti-inflam-matory,and prebiotic properties.Moreover,both laminarin and laminarin oligosaccharides can be considered as ideal substrates for bioethanol production because they are composed of abundant glucose residues.Therefore,brown algae-derived laminarin and lami-narin oligosaccharides have various potential applications in the food,medicine,cosmetics,and bioenergy fields.This paper reviews the preparation methods of laminarin and laminarin oligosaccharides,as well as their biological activities and potential applications.

Continuous Saccharification of Laminarin by Immobilized Laminarinase ULam111 Followed by Ethanol Fermentation with a Marine-Derived Yeast

We isolated a novel laminarinase ULam111 from Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01. Purified ULam111 showed degradation activity against laminarin with the specific activity of 224 ± 18 U/mg at 30°C and pH 6.0. Its optimum temperature was 50°C, and degradation activities against laminarin were observed at 4°C - 80°C. With a laminarin degradation system, we investigated the preparation and properties of immobilized ULam111 with the use of the 11 types of carriers. The high activity recoveries of immobilized ULam111 were as follows: 19.4% for IB-S60P carrier beads (the non-ionic type), 15.6% for IB-S60S carrier beads (the non-ionic type), 11.9% for IB-150P carrier beads (the covalent type), and 7.1% for IB-C435 carrier beads (the cationic type). With the repeated use of immobilized ULam111, the enzyme activities immobilized on IB-S60S and those on IB-S60P remained at 40% and 30% respectively after the sixth trial. We selected IB-S60S as suitable beads for enzyme immobilization, and we attempted to construct a reactor system with ULam111 immobilized on IB-S60S beads. In this system, 1.2 - 1.9 g/L glucose was repeatedly produced from 30 mg/mL laminarin solutions after 20 hr when the reactor operation was repeated 10 times. We examined ethanol fermentation from the saccharified solutions with a marine-derived yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-19), and 0.51 - 0.58 g/L bioethanol was produced from the saccharified solution that contained 1.71 - 1.86 g/L of glucose.

Effect of Laminarin on Growth and Immunity of Pearl Gentian Grouper

[ Objective] The paper was to study the effects of laminarin on growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers. [ Method] Four separate 30 m2 concrete pools were used as a closed circulating water aquaculture system for the experiment. Simultaneously, approximately 1 800 groupers were placed in each of the two pools for treatment or control. The initial weight of the individual fish was （275.55 ＋29.79）g. They were fed with either a control diet or one con- raining 0.6% laminarin in the pools for 66 d. [ Result] At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain of the groupers in treatment group was increased by 29.03% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the specific growth ratio was increased by 23.88% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the feed conversion rate was decreased by 15.20% （ P 〈 0.05 ） compared to control group, while there was no significant difference in muscle nutritional components between treatment group and control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. For each kilogram weight gain of an individual fish, the cost of the treatment diet was 1.96 yuan less than that of control diet, i. e. , a reduction of 12.54%. On the other hand, the activities of alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, lysozyme （LZM） and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） of the groupers in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] Addition of 0.6% laminarin in the regular feed would improve the growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers in aquaculture.

昆布多糖的复合酶法提取工艺优化及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性

优化复合酶提取昆布多糖的工艺参数,并考察其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的能力。以昆布多糖得率为评价指标,通过正交试验确定复合酶配比,采用响应面法评价酶解时间、pH、液料比和温度对昆布多糖得率的影响。采用体外酶抑制实验测定昆布多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。结果表明,复合酶最佳添加量为纤维素酶100 mg、果胶酶90 mg、木瓜蛋白酶55 mg,最佳酶法提取工艺为酶解时间1.8 h、酶解温度49.4℃、pH6.1、液料比59:1 mL/g,最佳工艺条件下昆布多糖预测得率18.183%,实测多糖得率18.19%±1.04%,其中性糖、酸性糖、蛋白质及硫酸根含量分别52.72%、11.76%、2.66%、19.49%;在1~5 mg/mL范围内其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用随浓度增加而升高,最大抑制率为79.04%±3.17%,IC50为1.443 mg/mL。复合酶法提取的昆布多糖得率高,其对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有明显的抑制作用。

昆布多糖-聚合氯化铝铁复配去除水中聚乙烯微塑料

以昆布多糖(LA)作为一种新型助凝剂,考察了其在使用聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)去除聚乙烯(PE)微塑料时的强化混凝性能,通过Zeta电位、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对混凝机理进行了研究,结果表明,添加适量的LA可提高PAFC对PE微塑料的混凝效率,当PAFC和LA的投加量分别为150 mg·L^(−1)和20 mg·L^(−1)时,单一PAFC和PAFC-LA对PE微塑料的的去除率分别达到78.4%和95.2%.PAFC和PAFC-LA对PE微塑料的混凝机理是一致的,LA的加入显著改善PAFC的电荷中和、吸附架桥和卷扫絮凝效果.不同pH、微塑料粒径、共存离子、腐殖酸共存及真实水体效果测试实验表明,PAFC-LA复配混凝系统具有较好的环境适应性.

Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection for Composition Analysis of Laminarin

The composition of laminarin was firstly determined by analyzing its hydrolysis monosaccharides with capillary zone electrophoresis-amperometric detection (CZE-AD). Under the selected optimum conditions, fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose, which are hydrolysis products of laminarin, could be perfectly separated within 20 min and showed significant current responses at copper electrodes. The linear ranges of fucose, galactose and glucose were from 1.0×10 -6 to 2.0×10 -4 mol·L -1, those of mannose and xylose were from 5.0×10 -6 to 2.0×10 -4 mol·L -1, and their detection limits were at 10 -7 mol·L -1 level (S/N=3). The molar ratio of fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose in laminarin was 10.5∶2.8∶1.0∶7.3∶3.4 and the purity of this polysaccharide leached by the introduced leaching method was 95.7%. Compared to usual UV-vis and other spectrometric methods, analyzing polysaccharide by this method has some merits of quickness, low-volume sampling, simple instrumentation, high sensitivity and high reproducibility.

海带多糖对大鼠阿霉素肾病的抗炎症性损伤治疗作用

目的观察海带多糖对阿霉素肾病大鼠肾组织的抗炎症性损伤治疗作用。方法建立大鼠慢性阿霉素肾病模型,设正常对照组、阿霉素肾病组、海带多糖治疗组,观察比较各组大鼠尿蛋白定量、肾功能、肾组织炎性细胞浸润、外周血淋巴细胞类肝素酶(heparanase,Hpa)mRNA表达,以及肾组织Hpa、IL-6、IL-8表达变化。结果海带多糖治疗组尿蛋白定量、肾功能、肾组织间质炎性细胞浸润、外周血淋巴细胞Hpa mRNA含量、肾组织Hpa、IL-6及IL-8表达均不同程度低于阿霉素肾病对照组。结论海带多糖对阿霉素肾病具有治疗作用,其机制可能通过抑制Hpa以及促炎性因子表达,从而发挥抗炎性损伤治疗作用。

海带多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的激活作用

本文研究了海带多糖（Ｌａｍｉｎａｒｉｎ）对 Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６，小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的激活作用。结果表明，腹腔注射海带多糖（４０ｍｇ／Ｋｇ）能够明显激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，增强其细胞溶解作用。海带多糖激活的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，在有 ＬＰＳ（１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ）存在的条件下，能在体外分泌肿瘤坏死因子（Ｔｕｍｏｒ ｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓ ｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＴＮＦ－α）。

昆布多糖的提取分离及F_1的纯化与鉴定

目的 对昆布多糖的提取分离及F1的纯化、鉴定与免疫活性研究。方法 用热水从海带中提取昆布多糖 ,对粗多糖分级 ,对其中级分F1进一步纯化 ,进行组成分析和免疫活性实验。结果 F1经SephadexG 2 0 0柱色谱及纸色谱检查为单一组分 ,测其相对分子质量约 1.8× 10 4。结论 F1的单糖组成为岩藻糖、半乳糖、木糖。巨噬细胞吞噬实验表明 。

海带多糖对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能和免疫力的影响

为了探究海带多糖对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能和免疫力的影响,在石斑鱼膨化颗粒配合饲料中添加0.6%海带多糖投喂平均体重(275.55±29.79)g·尾-1的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼,结合养殖场实际生产,试验组和对照组各设2口面积30m2水泥池,每口放养约1 800尾,在封闭式循环水饲养系统饲养66d。试验结果表明,添加海带多糖的试验组比对照组增重率提高29.03%(P<0.05),特定生长率提高23.88%(P<0.05),饲料系数降低15.20%(P<0.05);试验组石斑鱼每增重1kg的饲料成本比对照组减少1.96元,饲料成本降低了12.54%;试验组与对照组石斑鱼肌肉营养成分差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组珍珠龙胆石斑鱼免疫活性(碱性磷酸酶AKP、溶菌酶LZM、总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD)比对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,海带多糖具有提高珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、增强机体免疫力的作用。

海带多糖对香石竹切花保鲜效果的研究

研究了降解前后的海带多糖对瓶插香石竹切花的保鲜效果 ,结果表明 :降解后的海带多糖能使切花寿命延长 5～ 8d ,最大花径增大 1～ 2cm ,呼吸高峰推迟 4～ 6d ,细胞膜相对透性小 ,较好地维持水分平衡 ,切花鲜样质量增加 ,观赏效果提高。海带多糖降解后浓度为 2 0g/L效果最好。

采用微波技术提取海带多糖的工艺研究

在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验,研究了乙醇用量、微波功率、浸提时间、固液比、pH值等因素对海带多糖提取量的规律,得出了海带多糖提取工艺的最佳参数组合为:以水为提取剂,微波功率为400W,提取时间为7min,固液比为1∶90(g/mL),pH值为8.0。在此条件下海带多糖的提取量为71.66mg/g。

昆布多糖的研究进展

从昆布多糖的结构研究、昆布多糖的提取分离及理化性质的研究、昆布多糖的药理作用与临床应用概况等3个方面阐述昆布多糖的研究进展,以期为昆布多糖的研究提供理论依据。

海带多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究

目的研究海带多糖体外抗氧化作用。方法采用体外实验研究海带多糖对羟自由基、超氧阴离子的清除作用以及对H2O2诱导的红细胞氧化溶血和大鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化的保护作用。结果海带多糖体外可清除O2-·及·OH;抑制H2O2诱导的大鼠红细胞氧化性溶血;抑制小鼠组织MDA的生成。结论海带多糖体外具有清除自由基及抗脂质过氧化的作用。

昆布多糖对大肠癌细胞生长转移能力抑制作用的研究(英文)

目的:研究昆布多糖(Laminarin)对结肠癌细胞生长、黏附和侵袭转移的抑制作用,为新药筛选提供理论依据。方法:采用同质、异质黏附,细胞分离及侵袭小室等试验技术检测不同含量昆布多糖对4种大肠癌细胞的细胞生物学特性的影响。结果:与对照组相比,在低含量药物作用时,基质黏附能力和同质黏附性,以及细胞分离能力均无明显变化。高含量药物作用后,sw480,sw620,HT29,LoVo基质黏附率分别为(0.292±0.21)%,(0.434±0.23)%,(0.428±0.43)%,(0.313±0.28)%,sw480,sw620,HT29,Lo-Vo同质黏附率分别为(10.6±2.3)%,(18.2±2.1)%,(25.5±3.0)%,(11.1±2.8)%,基质和同质黏附性均下降(P<0.05～0.01,t=4.217,7.105,10.571,2.196,8.245,3.452,10.563,5.231);sw480,sw620,HT29,LoVo细胞分离率增强,分别为(47.51±7.2)%,(45.26±8.3)%,(31.78±5.3)%,(45.226±7.5)%,(P<0.05～0.01,t=4.251,19.142,10.043,3.497);sw480,sw620,HT29,LoVo细胞穿过基底膜能力减弱,分别为(7.61±2.6),(20.4±3.1),(5.8±1.3),(15.1±3.6)个(P<0.01,t=11.541,12.534,16.143,23.427)。结论:昆布多糖可使细胞的恶性表型发生变化,使其侵袭转移能力受到抑制,并呈现剂量依赖性。

海带多糖对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖的抑制作用及其机制

目的:探讨不同质量浓度的海带多糖对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖的抑制作用。方法:分别以质量浓度为5、10、20、30 mg/m L的海带多糖处理Bel-7402细胞,48 h后观察海带多糖对细胞增殖的抑制情况,Annexin V-FITC试剂盒检测细胞凋亡状况,酶联免疫吸附(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测Caspase-3活性,Western blotting法检测细胞内Caspase-3和甲胎球蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)表达量。结果:海带多糖对Bel-7402细胞的增殖有明显抑制作用,最佳抑制剂量为30 mg/m L;随着海带多糖质量浓度的升高,细胞凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05),海带多糖处理组Bel-7402细胞内的Caspase-3表达水平同正常对照组细胞相比呈上升趋势,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);AFP蛋白表达水平呈下降趋势。结论:海带多糖对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖具有抑制作用,其机制可能是激活Caspase-3,引起细胞凋亡和AFP蛋白表达水平下降所致。

昆布多糖硫酸酯对PC-3细胞PTEN和P27kip1基因表达的影响

目的:研究昆布多糖硫酸酯(LAMS)对体外培养的非激素依赖型人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3的作用,以及对PC-3细胞PTEN和P27kip1基因表达的影响,并探讨其抗肿瘤的作用机制。方法:分别用0、50、100、200μg/ml浓度的LAMS作用于PC-3细胞,用WST-8法检测其对细胞生长的抑制作用,利用流式细胞术(FCM)分析细胞周期和凋亡的变化,用荧光显微镜观察PC-3细胞形态的变化,RT-PCR和Western印迹检测细胞增殖、凋亡相关基因PTEN和P27kip1mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:LAMS能抑制PC-3细胞的增殖,呈时间-剂量效应;不同浓度LAMS诱导PC-3细胞出现剂量依赖性S期阻滞;LAMS作用于PC-3细胞后凋亡率增加,并出现凋亡的形态学改变,相关基因PTEN和P27kip1mRNA及蛋白的表达呈剂量依赖性增加。结论:LAMS能抑制体外PC-3细胞的生长,并促进其S期阻滞和凋亡,PTEN和P27kip1mRNA及蛋白的表达明显增加,可能是其抑制前列腺癌生长的机制之一。

海带粗多糖对斜带石斑鱼血清指标的影响

为了探讨日粮中添加不同剂量的海带粗多糖对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)血清指标的影响,作者选取规格一致的健康斜带石斑鱼120尾(平均体质量为90 g±2.6 g,平均体长为15 cm±2.25 cm),均匀分为4组,每组设两个重复,每个重复15尾。对照组日粮中不添加海带粗多糖,试验0.5%组、1.0%组、1.5%组日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的海带粗多糖。经过48 d的喂养后,测定各组斜带石斑鱼血清中白介素2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白介素6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、干扰素α(Interferon-α,IFN-α)、总蛋白(Total Protein,TP)、尿素(UREA)、肌酐(CREA)、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、谷草转氨酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、溶菌酶(Lysozyme,LZM)、过氧化物酶(Catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、补体3(Complement3,C3)、补体4(Complement 4,C4)等水平。结果表明,海带粗多糖能够不同程度地提高血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-α、TP水平,及LZM、CAT和SOD酶活性;降低C3、C4含量,及UREA、CREA水平和ALP酶活性;对AST和ALT酶活性影响不大。在3种添加比中,以0.5%的海带粗多糖添加剂量效果最明显。