Security and Privacy in Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things:Requirements and Challenges

Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the effectiveness of migratory phototropic pest control. However, since the SIL is connected to the Internet, it is vulnerable to various security issues.These issues can lead to serious consequences, such as tampering with the parameters of SIL, illegally starting and stopping SIL,etc. In this paper, we describe the overall security requirements of SIL-IoT and present an extensive survey of security and privacy solutions for SIL-IoT. We investigate the background and logical architecture of SIL-IoT, discuss SIL-IoT security scenarios, and analyze potential attacks. Starting from the security requirements of SIL-IoT we divide them into six categories, namely privacy, authentication, confidentiality, access control, availability,and integrity. Next, we describe the SIL-IoT privacy and security solutions, as well as the blockchain-based solutions. Based on the current survey, we finally discuss the challenges and future research directions of SIL-IoT.

Flash Lamps as Ignition and Initiation Sources of the VS-2 Pyrotechnic Composition

In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS⁃2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC⁃500 and EVIS.VS⁃2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90%of mercury(Ⅱ)5⁃hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10%of optically trans⁃parent copolymer of 2⁃methyl⁃5⁃vinyltetrazole and methacrylic acid(PVMT).We have found that the flash lamps make it possi⁃ble to initiate combustion of VS⁃2 composition with its transition to detonation both in cylindrical charges placed in brass caps of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm high,and film charges with 10 mm×80 mm in size and surface weights of 60 mg·cm^(-2)and 90 mg·cm^(-2),showing ignition delay times 10μs and 3μs,respectively.We also measured detonation velocities for VS⁃2 composition film charges,which were 4375-4505 m·s^(-1)(of the charge being surface mass 60 mg·cm^(-2))and 4221-4281 m·s^(-1)(of the charge be⁃ing surface mass 90 mg·cm^(-2))and their blasting action on the aluminum plate.The depths of the normal shock wave imprints at the charge⁃barrier interface were 0.6-0.7 mm(for surface mass of the film charges 60 mg·cm^(-2))and 1.2-1.3 mm(for surface mass of the film charges 90 mg·cm^(-2))

Internet of Lamps for Future Ubiquitous Communications:Integrated Sensing,Hybrid Interconnection,and Intelligent Illumination

The ubiquitous deployment and restricted consumption are the requirements restricting the development of Internet of Things.Thus,a promising technology named Internet of Lamps(Io L)is discussed in this paper to address these challenges.Compared with other communication networks,the remarkable advantage of Io L is that it can make full use of the existing lighting networks with sufficient power supply.The lamps can be connected to the Internet through wired power line communication and/or wireless communication,while the integration of integrated sensing,hybrid interconnection,and intelligent illumination is realized.In this paper,the Io L is discussed from three aspects including sensing layer,network layer,and application layer,realizing the comprehensive upgrade based on the conventional communication and illumination systems.Meanwhile,several novel technologies of Io L are discussed based on the requirements of sensing,communication,and control,which have put forward practical solutions to the issues faced by Io L.Moreover,the challenges and opportunities for Io L are highlighted from various parts of the system structure,so as to provide future insights and potential trends for researchers in this field.

Influence of the Gas Mixture Ratio on the Correlations Between the Excimer XeCl Emission and the Sealed Gas Temperature in Dielectric Barrier Discharge Lamps

For dielectric barrier discharge lamps filled with various gas mixture ratios, the correlations between the excimer XeCl* emission and the sealed gas temperature have been founded, and a qualitative explication is presented. For gas mixture with chlorine larger than 3%, the emission intensity increases with the sealed gas temperature, while with chlorine about 2%, the emission intensity decreases with the increase in the gas temperature, and could be improved by cooling water. However, if chlorine is less than 1.5%, the discharge appears to be a mixture mode with filaments distributed in a diffused glow-like discharge, and the UV emission is independent on the gas temperature.

Jinghai Luminescence Lamps

Incandescent light consists of 10 percent visible light and 90 percent infrared ray that gives out heat. Now modern luminescence lamps made of halogydrin tungsten and a cold-light mirror separate the light with heat. Containing neither infrared ray nor ultraviolet light, these lamps are small, durable and three times more powerful than other lamps of the same wattage.

Characteristic Properties of Advanced Coil-External Electrodes of Fluorescent Lamps

The coil-EEFL lamps, which are operated with DC driving circuit, have studied. The figure of the merit of the coil-EEFL lamps is the quantum efficiency (ηq) that is given by the emitted visible photons by one moving electron in the FL lamp. The electrons in the FL lamps move on in the superconductive vacuum (R = 0) in the positive column at above room temperature, giving rise to the astronomical ηq = 1013 visible photons (m3.s)-1. Miraculously, the developed coil-EEFL lamps in the parallel connections light up with WDC = 0, without the sacrifice of the illuminance (lm.m-2). Furthermore, the scraped 40 W-HCFL lamps revitalize to the coil-EEFL lamps, promising the operation life longer than 106 hours. The shallow gap between phosphor screen and positive column can be made by side by side arrangement of the low voltage CL phosphor particles and PL phosphor particles. The coil-EEFL lamps in parallel connections may contribute to the Green Energy Projects of UN.

Application of LED Type Lamps in Domestic and Public Utilities and Gain Capability to Run New Small Investments in Rwanda

The Rwandan State-run Energy Water and Sanitation Authority Company (EWSA) is rapidly increasing the number of population having access to electrical power energy. 30% of electrical energy is used in lighting. The incandescent bulbs, compact fluorescent lamp bulbs as well as fluorescent tubes are mostly used to convert electrical energy into light. The said light sources have many disadvantages such as excessive power consumption leading to giant bills of electricity, short life span leading to continuous replacement of lamps, and emission of CO2. Application of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps in lighting in long term suppresses the aforementioned problems resulting into saving of money that will be used for running new small investments.

The near-infrared spectra and distribution of excited states of electrodeless discharge rubidium vapour lamps

The population ratio between the excited states of rubidium in the electrodeless discharge rubidium vapour lamp is calculated according to the near-infrared spectra in the region of 780-1550 nm. By using a 1529 nm laser, we measure the density of natural rubidium atoms at the 5P3/2 level. The populations of different excited states are then clarified.

Study on Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Sealing Materials for Ceramic Metal Halide Lamps

With Al2O3, Dy2O3, and SiO2 as starting materials, the basic glass of Al2O3-Dy2O3-SiO2 system was prepared by conventional melting technology, and their thermal expansion coefficients （TECs） at different anneal time were investigated. TECs of the basic glass, which were heat-treated under different temperature, were also investigated. The result showed that TECs of the basic glass gradually approached a fixed value as the anneal time was extended, which suggested that most of the inner stress had been eliminated. After heat treatment, the contents of Dy2O3, Dy2Si2O7, and a new crystal increased up to 1200 ℃ and decreased below 1250 ℃, which was consistent with the TEC change of crystallized samples. This suggests that the crystal has a direct effect on TECs of the crystallized samples.

Modelling of Ar-Hg Electrodeless Lamps

A self-consistent model of high-frequency electrodeless lamps with internM coils is developed. Radial distributions of the plasma parameters are obtained. Mercury lines with wavelength of 435.8 nm and 365 nm are measured to testify the model. Based on the model, the population of resonance state 63p1 of mercury in dependence on the argon pressure and driving frequency is calculated. It is shown that the population of 63p1 of mercury is larger when the argon pressure is between 26.6 Pa and 53.2 Pa. Meanwhile the driving frequency has little influence on the population of 63P1.

Axial Magnetic Field Effects on Xenon Short-Arc Lamps

The effect of an axial magnetic field （AMF） on an old xenon short-arc lamp is experimentally investigated in this work. As the AMF increases up to 18 roT, the visible radiation power and electric power ascend more than 80% and 70% respectively, and the radiation efficiency is improved by 23% for the best increment at 12 mT AMF. The measurement of radiation intensity shows that the increment of radiation intensity comes mostly from the plasma area close to the cathode tip, and partially from the other area of the arc column. Successive images of the arc indicate that the arc column not only rotates about its axis, but revolves around the axis of electrodes with the AMF. The arc column structure is constricted, distorted and elongated as the AMF increases. It is suggested that the improvements of the radiation intensity and radiation efficiency are attributed to the constriction of the arc column, which is mainly induced by the enhanced cathode jet.

Starting of HPS lamps driven by electronic ballast

A complete research of two different starting techniques for HPS lamps driven by electronic ballast is presented while a traditional starting technique based on the series resonant theory which is used widely for fluorescent lamps starting is analyzed in detail. An improved nth harmonic resonant technique is also simulated. Furthermore, a novel starting technique based on a pulse transformer is proposed, which still offer the automatic switch off capability. The differences between two starting techniques are explained. The experimental results from a lab prototype are used to verify the design.

Control Effects of Trapping Lamps with Different Wavelengths on Soybean Pests

[ Objective] The aim was to compare control effects of trapping lamps with different wavelengths on soybean pests. [ Method ] Three kinds of lamps with different wavelengths were used to conduct pest control test in soybean fields. [ Result] The trapping effects of three kinds of lamps with different wavelengths on soybean pests were significantly different. Among them, the trapping effect of No. 2 light with wavelength of 400 -460 nm was significantly better than the other two lamps; No. 1 light with wavelength of 330 -400 nm had no obvious difference in trapping effect with No. 3 light with wavelength of 450 -510 nm. [ Conclusion] The research result provided theoretical basis for popularized application of trapping lamp in production.

Novel Automotive High Intensity Discharge(HID) Lamps with Electronic Ballasts

A new scheme of automotive high intensity discharge(HID) lamps with electronic ballasts is proposed. The design of the proposed ballast and some experimental results are presented. The proposed scheme is consisted of the high frequency DC-DC converter and the low frequency DC-AC inverter. This system separates the input voltage of the ignitor from DC link voltage using auxiliary winding, then it could use the lower voltage rating power devices for HID lamp ballast system and reduce the size of HID lamp ballast. The proposed ballast controller using micro-controller unit(MCU) controls the frequency to operate the DC-DC converter in critical conduction mode, which reduces the noise of the circuit and improves the efficiency by 2%~4%.

The effectiveness of light emitting diode(LED)lamps in the offshore purse seine fishery in Vietnam

Fishing with artificial light has become one of the most advanced,efficient,and common methods for the night-time purse seining in Vietnam.This study evaluated the radiation spectrum,CIE chromaticity coordinates,correlated color temperature(CCT),catch rate,fuel consumption,and CO_(2)emissions when using Light emitting diode(LED)lamps(0.196 kW)in comparison with the use of metal halide(MH)lights(1 kW)in the offshore purse seine fishery in Quang Tri province,Vietnam.The fishing efficiency of the purse seine fishing boats using LED lamps has increased 1.58 times in catch rate than MH lights,although the energy consumption of LED lamp is 4 times smaller.Fuel consumption of boats per trip using LED lamps was one third of that using MH lights.The use of LED reduced the radiation spectrum,especially the intense UV radiation which negatively affects the health of fishermen.This study also showed the potential of CO_(2)emission reduction up to 1.09 tons of CO_(2)per trip per boat from the use of LED lamps in the offshore purse seine fishing boats.

Perspectives for the recovery of rare earths from end-of-life fluorescent lamps

This vision paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three main options for the recycling of rare-earth ele- ments from end-of-life fluorescent lamps： （1） direct re-use of the lamp phosphor mixture; （2） separation of the lamp phosphor mixture into the different phosphor components; （3） recovery of the rare-earth content. An overview is given of commercial activities in Europe in the domain of recycling of materials from end-of-life fluorescent lamps and the recovery of rare earths from these lamps. The collection of end-of-life fluorescent lamps is currently driven by a legal framework that prohibited the release of mercury to the environment. The contaminations of the lamp phosphor powders by mercury and by small glass particles of crushed fluorescent lamps are limiting factors in the recycling process. Research should be directed to an advanced clean-up of the reclaimed lamp phosphor fraction, and in particular to the removal of mercury and glass fragments. The recovery of rare earths from the lamp phosphors could be facilitated by taking advantage of the differences in resistance of the different lamp phosphors by chemical attack by inorganic ac- ids and bases.

The roles of active species in photo-decomposition of organic compounds by microwave powered electrodeless discharge lamps

Knowledge of the effective radiation spectrum irradiating substrates from microwave powered electrodeless discharge lamps（MEDLs）, and the active species that directly oxidize substrates in the photolytic process, is fragmentary and unclear. In this work, we conducted a comparative study using MEDLs made with quartz envelopes（MEDL-quartz） and with borosilicate Pyrex envelopes（MEDL-Pyrex） targeting the degradation of Rhodamine B（Rh B）via radical-extinguishing tests. We found that UVC/UVB radiation is essential to generate·OH and H2O2 in the MEDL-quartz system. The degradation of Rh B mostly originates from·OH species, which account for a contribution of 53.8%, while the remaining contribution is attributed to oxidation by H2O2 and direct photolysis. This degradation is influenced by several parameters. Acidic and neutral p Hs, but not extreme alkaline p H, benefit the degradation. To ensure a high intensity of UVC/UVB, the optimum ratio of the MEDL volume to the aqueous solution volume（VL/VS） is 0.4. Concentrations of 0.15-0.20 mmol/L of Rh B are suitable to obtain an effective quantum absorbance in the MEDL-quartz system,showing a high decomposition rate of 5.6 × 10^-3（mmol/L）min-1. Moreover, two other substrates, Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B and Safranine T, were tested and found to be efficiently degraded in the MEDL-quartz system.

奶牛乳房炎病原菌研究进展

奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛业健康发展的最重要的疾病之一,该病可引起奶牛产奶量下降,乳汁成分改变,导致奶农收入减少。无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌、停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌是当前奶牛乳房炎最主要的病原菌。文章就奶牛乳房炎在全球的流行情况、主要致病菌特征进行归纳、概述,以期为日后净化此病,制定科学、合理、有效的综合防制措施提供参考依据。

鸽新城疫病毒可视化LAMP检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种简便、快速,适用于基层检测鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒的方法,研究针对鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒全基因组保守序列,设计了1组可检测基因Ⅵ、Ⅶ、ⅩⅩ、ⅩⅪ型分离株的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)引物,通过优化反应条件及体系,建立鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒可视化LAMP检测方法。结果显示:建立的鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒可视化LAMP检测方法可检测基因Ⅵ、Ⅶ、ⅩⅩ、ⅩⅪ型鸽新城疫病毒,与H9亚型禽流感病毒、马立克病病毒、禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒、小鹅瘟病毒以及禽白血病病毒以及新城疫病毒La Sota疫苗株均无交叉反应,最低检测限为10^(1)copies/μL。研究表明所建立的鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒可视化LAMP检测方法快速、简便,特异性强,灵敏度高,可应用于基层快速检测鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒。

鸡圆圈病毒3型可视化LAMP检测方法的建立及应用

建立鸡圆圈病毒3型(GyV3)可视化环介导等温扩增(LAMP)检测方法,为临床上快速检测鸡GyV3提供一种诊断方法。参考GyV3的VP3基因序列,设计1套LAMP特异性引物,分别通过温度优化、引物浓度优化和反应时间的优化,确定鸡GyV3可视化LAMP诊断方法的扩增温度、引物浓度和反应时间,通过特异性试验、敏感性试验、重复性试验和临床样品检测,验证鸡GyV3可视化LAMP诊断方法的特异性、敏感性、稳定性和可靠性。结果显示,鸡GyV3 LAMP检测方法的反应体系:总体积为20.0μL,包括DNA模板1.0μL,2×Master Mix 10.0μL,内引物GyV3-FIP和GyV3-BIP混合液(工作浓度16.0μmol/L)2.0μL,外引物GyV3-F3和GyV3-B3混合液(工作浓度2.0μmol/L)2.0μL,环引物GyV3-LF和GyV3-LB混合液(工作浓度8.0μmol/L)2.0μL,ddH_(2)O 3μL;鸡GyV3 LAMP检测方法的扩增程序:66℃反应20 min,80℃灭活5 min。鸡GyV3可视化LAMP检测方法能特异性检测GyV3,最低检测浓度为10^(1)拷贝/μL,组内和组间变异系数小于5%;与常规PCR方法检测临床样品的结果比较,两者结果符合率达100%。建立的鸡GyV3可视化LAMP检测方法能特异性检测GyV3,具有特异性好、敏感性高及污染小等优点,且检测结果可通过肉眼观察进行判断,适用于GyV3的临床快速筛查。