Evaluating Suitability of Multiple Precipitation Products for the Lancang River Basin

Global reanalysis precipitation products could provide valuable meteorological information for flow forecasting in poorly gauged areas, helping to overcome a long-standing challenge in the field. But not all data sources are suitable for all regions or perform the same way in hydrological modeling, so it is essential to test the suitability of precipitation products before applying them. In this study, five widely used global high-resolution precipitation products—Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources(APHRODITE), National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(NCEP-CFSR), Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data(CHIRPS), China Gauge-based Daily Precipitation Analysis developed by China Meteorological Administration(CMA) and Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project based on the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications(AgMERRA)—were evaluated using statistical methods and a hydrological approach for their suitability for the Lancang River Basin. The results indicated that APHRODITE, CMA, AgMERRA and CHIRPS were more accurate precipitation indicators than NCEP-CFSR in terms of the multiyear average and seasonal spatial distribution pattern, all of the CHIRPS, Ag MERRA and APHRODITE perform better than CMA and NCEP-CFSR at the small, medium and high precipitation intensities ranges in subbasin11 and sunbabsin46. All five products performed better in subbasin46(a low-altitude region) than in subbasin11(a high-altitude region) on the daily and monthly scales. In addition to NCEP-CFSR, the other four products all presented encouraging potential for streamflow simulation at daily(Yunjinghong) and monthly(Yunjinghong, Jiuzhou and Gajiu) scale. Hydrological simulations forced with APHRODITE were the best of the five for the Yunjinghong station in capturing daily and monthly measured streamflow. Except for NCEP-CFSR, all products were very good for hydrological simulations for the Gajiu and Jiuzhou stations.

Spatial Downscaling of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Using Geographically Weighted Regression Kriging over the Lancang River Basin, China

Satellite-based precipitation products have been widely used to estimate precipitation, especially over regions with sparse rain gauge networks. However, the low spatial resolution of these products has limited their application in localized regions and watersheds.This study investigated a spatial downscaling approach, Geographically Weighted Regression Kriging(GWRK), to downscale the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) 3 B43 Version 7 over the Lancang River Basin(LRB) for 2001–2015. Downscaling was performed based on the relationships between the TRMM precipitation and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), the Land Surface Temperature(LST), and the Digital Elevation Model(DEM). Geographical ratio analysis(GRA) was used to calibrate the annual downscaled precipitation data, and the monthly fractions derived from the original TRMM data were used to disaggregate annual downscaled and calibrated precipitation to monthly precipitation at 1 km resolution. The final downscaled precipitation datasets were validated against station-based observed precipitation in 2001–2015. Results showed that: 1) The TRMM 3 B43 precipitation was highly accurate with slight overestimation at the basin scale(i.e., CC(correlation coefficient) = 0.91, Bias = 13.3%). Spatially, the accuracies of the upstream and downstream regions were higher than that of the midstream region. 2) The annual downscaled TRMM precipitation data at 1 km spatial resolution obtained by GWRK effectively captured the high spatial variability of precipitation over the LRB. 3) The annual downscaled TRMM precipitation with GRA calibration gave better accuracy compared with the original TRMM dataset. 4) The final downscaled and calibrated precipitation had significantly improved spatial resolution, and agreed well with data from the validated rain gauge stations, i.e., CC = 0.75, RMSE(root mean square error) = 182 mm, MAE(mean absolute error) = 142 mm, and Bias = 0.78%for annual precipitation and CC = 0.95, RMSE = 25 mm, MAE = 16 mm, and Bias = 0.67% for monthly precipitation.

Projection of temperature change and extreme temperature events in the Lancang–Mekong River basin

The Lancang–Mekong River basin(LMRB) is under increasing threat from global warming. In this paper, the projection of future climate in the LMRB is explored by focusing on the temperature change and extreme temperature events. First, the authors evaluate the bias of temperature simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Then, correction is made for the simulation by comparing with observation based on the non-parametric quantile mapping using robust empirical quantiles(RQUANT) method. Furthermore, using the corrected model results, the future climate projections of temperature and extreme temperature events in this basin during 2016–35, 2046–65, and 2080–99 are analyzed. The study shows that RQUANT can effectively reduce the bias of simulation results. After correction, the simulation can capture the spatial features and trends of mean temperature over the LMRB, as well as the extreme temperature events. Besides, it can reproduce the spatial and temporal distributions of the major modes. In the future, the temperature will keep increasing, and the warming in the southern basin will be more intense in the wet season than the dry season. The number of extreme high-temperature days exhibits an increasing trend, while the number of extreme low-temperature days shows a decreasing trend. Based on empirical orthogonal function analysis, the dominant feature of temperature over this basin shows a consistent change. The second mode shows a seesaw pattern.

Hydrological Simulation Using TRMM and CHIRPS Precipitation Estimates in the Lower Lancang-Mekong River Basin

Satellite-based products with high spatial and temporal resolution provide useful precipitation information for data-sparse or ungauged large-scale watersheds. In the Lower Lancang-Mekong River Basin, rainfall stations are sparse and unevenly distributed, and the transboundary characteristic makes the collection of precipitation data more difficult, which has restricted hydrological processes simulation. In this study, daily precipitation data from four datasets(gauge observations, inverse distance weighted(IDW) data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) estimates, and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations(CHIRPS) estimates), were applied to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model, and then their capability for hydrological simulation in the Lower Lancang-Mekong River Basin were examined. TRMM and CHIRPS data showed good performances on precipitation estimation in the Lower Lancang-Mekong River Basin, with the better performance for TRMM product. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) values of gauge, IDW, TRMM, and CHIRPS simulations during the calibration period were 0.87, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93 for monthly flow, respectively, and those for daily flow were 0.75, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.84, respectively. TRMM and CHIRPS data were superior to rain gauge and IDW data for driving the hydrological model, and TRMM data produced the best simulation performance. Satellite-based precipitation estimates could be suitable data sources when simulating hydrological processes for large data-poor or ungauged watersheds, especially in international river basins for which precipitation observations are difficult to collect. CHIRPS data provide long precipitation time series from 1981 to near present and thus could be used as an alternative precipitation input for hydrological simulation, especially for the period without TRMM data. For satellite-based precipitation products, the differences in the occurrence frequencies and amounts of precipitation with different intensities would affect simulation results of water balance components, which should be comprehensively considered in water resources estimation and planning.

FACILITATING REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED MULTI-OBJECTIVE UTILIZATION, MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE LANCANG-MEKONG RIVER BASIN

The Lancnag Mekong River is the most important international river across China and Southeast Asia, If it is developed according to 'Great Mekong Subregional Cooperation Plan' [9] prepared by ADB, the area directly affected will be up to over 2.32 million km 2, the population over 220 million, and the natural environment, and socio-economic conditions within a large area will be greatly changed. 'Agreement on Cooperation for Sustainable Development of Mekong Basin' signed by the four riparian countries along the lower Mekong River on April 5, 1995 provides a new opportunity for sustainable development of the Basin. According to preliminary analysis, if the multipurpose utilization of the water resources is the target for carrying out integrated planning and management, and the efforts are made 1) to focus on energy exploitation on the Lancang River Mainstream and the tributaries of the lower Mekong River; 2) to build gated weirs at Tonle Sam; 3) to construct spillways at the Mekong Delta; 4) to facilitate flood dykes in big cities and on both banks of the mainstream which are concentrated with population and farmland and liable to be flooded, and 5) to strengthen networks for forecasting hydrological and meteorological conditions, then all problems such as power demand, irrigation, flood, salt water intrusion as well as acid water erosion to soil could be solved without constructing large cascaded stations and dams on the lower Mekong Mainstream. This will not only avoid input of great number of fund, large scale resettlement and land inundation, but also prevent aquatic organisms living in Mekong River from being injured due to dam construction, and promote the sustainable development of the Basin.

Distribution and Influencing Factors of Residential Areas in Yunnan Section of the Lancang River Basin

Based on high-resolution Google Earth images,settlements in Yunnan section of the Lancang River basin were extracted.We use the kernal density and the optimized hot spot analysis methods to display spatial pattern of the settlements.Random forest model is used to explore the natural environmental impact factors of residential areas distribution.The results show that settlements in Yunnan section of the Lancang River basin are mainly distributed in the middle reaches and the upper reaches along the river.The random forest model contains 11 environmental factors,and the top three factors in importance are the nearest distance to forest,altitude and the nearest distance to glacier/snow.The partial dependence plots show the response trend of settlements to environmental factors.This research results could provide guidance for rational use of land resources,making regional development and construction plans,and coordinating the relationship between humans and the environment.

Groundwater status and associated issues in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin： International collaborations to achieve sustainable groundwater resources

Groundwater is an important and readily available source of fresh water in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin. With a rapid population growth and increasing human activities, an increasing number of countries in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin are experiencing depleted and degraded groundwater supplies. In transboundary river basins, such as the Mekong-Lancang River, prioritizing the use of the shared aquifer by one riparian government may affect the opportunities of other riparian governments and lead to potential water conflicts between neighboring countries. To promote the sharing of strategies and information for the sustainable and equitable use of water resources of the shared basin, international collaborative workshops on groundwater resources have been organized for all Mekong-Lancang River countries. These workshops provide an opportunity to communicate and discuss nationally sensitive issues on groundwater by the associated countries, with topics covering multiple aspects of groundwater, such as the groundwater status in the basin, quality issues, water use conflicts, hydrological information gaps, management policies and capacity building for successful water resource management. Consensus has been reached by all countries on the importance of catchment-based groundwater management and the need for close communication among the countries. Strategies for managing transboundary aquifer issues must foster international collaboration based on the regional network, influence national networks and enhance the capacity to building maps and monitoring systems based on associated databases. The sustainability of water resources cannot be achieved without the integrated involvement and contributions by multiple countries and various stakeholders. Therefore, collaborative workshops provide a great opportunity to further our understanding of the hydrologic processes of the Mekong River Basin, share the benefits of the aquifer and provide a strategy and vision for sustainable water resource management in the Mekong-Lancang River countries.

基于多维Copula函数的澜沧江-湄公河流域气象干旱特征分析

为全面揭示变化环境下澜湄流域多维气象干旱特征,采用标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI表征流域气象干旱,基于游程理论分别提取澜沧江段和湄公河段上、中、下游流域1901—1960年和1961—2021年两个时段的干旱事件,利用Copula函数分别构建两个时段不同子流域二维和三维干旱特征变量联合分布,计算不同干旱特征变量组合条件下的干旱联合发生概率,对比分析不同子流域多维气象干旱特征的时空变化。结果表明:时间上,1961—2021年各子流域平均干旱程度均较1901—1960年更严峻,尤其是极端干旱事件(单变量累积频率为25%、50%)的多维干旱联合发生概率增幅最大;空间上,1961—2021年,随着干旱历时、烈度和烈度峰值的增加,“或”情况下多维干旱联合发生概率最高值区自北向南转移,“且”情况下多维干旱联合发生概率最高值区自南向北转移。

藏东昌都红层滑坡的地质成因模式

藏东昌都红层紧邻北澜沧江结合带(LCS),是近年来新厘定的红层岩系。为进一步丰富和完善红层及滑坡灾害研究,文章基于翔实的现场调查,从构造地质学角度约束滑坡发育的边界条件,总结归纳了藏东昌都红层滑坡的地质成因模式,并对不同类型滑坡典型案例进行了剖析。结果表明:受区域造山作用影响,藏东昌都红层掀斜,发育大量透入性构造面,导致岩体物理力学性能弱化。藏东昌都红层滑坡的地质成因模式主要包括原生层理型、层理断层型、层理节理型、褶皱节理型和断层节理型等5类。构造面是红层滑坡发育的主控因素,建议在明确研究区构造演化过程及构造框架的基础上,精细刻画滑坡区构造面发育特征。研究成果可为揭示滑坡发育的内在机制及监测预警、工程防治等提供理论支撑。

澜沧江上游极端降水变化特征及未来预估研究

为探究澜沧江上游极端降水变化特征,基于中国区域地面气象要素驱动数据集(CMFD)再分析数据,对第六次国际耦合模拟比较计划(CMIP6)的10个气候模式降水数据进行了极端降水模拟评估,基于年降水总量对CMIP6多模式降水数据进行了偏差纠正,预估了未来时期(近期:2020—2049年、远期:2060—2089年)极端降水的变化趋势,并探讨了其趋势变化的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)偏差纠正后CMIP6多模式极端降水指数的不确定性减小,多模式集合平均的模拟效果优于多数单一模式。(2)未来研究区的降水总量增加,年内降水日数增多,降水频率上升。未来近期,研究区各极端降水指数的变化趋势并不明显,极端降水事件呈减少趋势;未来远期,尤其是高辐射强迫下,研究区极端降水的强度和频率都呈现显著的增加趋势。(3)气候变暖导致的空气含水量增加可能是极端降水增强的原因。

环境变化对澜沧江出境水文过程变异的影响

变化环境改变河流水文节律,影响流域水资源的开发利用;澜沧江-湄公河是位于东南亚源于中国西南的跨境河流,科学厘清澜沧江径流变化原因是实现澜沧江-湄公河流域跨境水利益共享的重要基础工作。基于1961—2020年允景洪水文站的实测径流量资料,采用数理统计与水文模拟相结合的研究途径,诊断径流序列的变异特征,定量分析气候变化和人类活动对径流及其年内分配的影响。结果表明:①1961—2020年允景洪站实测年径流量呈显著性减少趋势,其中,1—5月径流量呈增加趋势,6—12月径流量呈减少趋势;实测年径流量在2008年发生突变。②RCCC-WBM模型能够较好地模拟基准期(1961—2008年)的天然径流量过程,模拟相对误差小于1%;模拟的人类活动影响期间(2009—2020年)天然径流量约为371.8 mm,较基准期偏少6.8%,这是气候变化引起的。③水利工程建设运行是澜沧江最主要的人类活动,是水库蓄水运行期(2009—2013年)径流减少的主要原因;气候变化对水库稳定正常运行期(2014—2020年)径流减少贡献更大,约为61.7%。④水库运行调度使得2014—2020年汛期(6—11月)径流量减少44.3%,非汛期(12月至翌年5月)径流量增加134.3%;澜沧江干流水库对径流的削峰补枯调节作用在一定程度上保障了湄公河中下游的防洪安全与供水安全。

气候变化下澜沧江流域径流及水电站发电能力预测

气候变化会对流域径流和梯级电站发电能力产生重要影响。基于历史和未来气候情景数据,综合利用WACM水文模型和梯级水电站发电模型,对澜沧江下游5个梯级水电站的出入库流量变化和发电能力进行预测。结果表明:①澜沧江流域未来气温会有一定程度上升,但GFDL-CM3、GISS-E2-R-CC和IPSL-CM5A-MR 3种气候模式下的降水变化趋势不一致,分别为增加8%~24%、减少15%~45%和变幅较小(-4%~7%);②上游来水在GFDL-CM3模式下明显增加(16.15%),在GISS-E2-R-CC模式下大幅减少(-30.67%),而在IPSL-CM5A-MR模式下变化不大(-2.01%);③梯级水电站年均发电量受上游来水的影响显著,保证出力对来水减少更为敏感,当年均流量下降30.67%时,保证出力下降约80%。研究成果可为澜沧江流域应对气候变化影响的水资源和梯级电站调度管理提供参考。

梯级水电开发背景下的外来植物入侵状况与防控管理--以澜沧江流域(云南段)为例

梯级水电开发是一种有效的可再生能源生产方式,但梯级水电开发与外来生物入侵之间的关系尚未得到足够重视。本文基于对澜沧江流域(云南段)梯级水电开发区的野外实地调查和数据搜集整理,查明了区域的外来入侵植物种类和分布状况,初步分析和探讨了梯级水电开发与外来植物入侵之间的相互关系。研究结果显示,澜沧江流域(云南段)共发现外来入侵植物202种,隶属51科和146属,其中来源于美洲的植物最多(126种,52.07%),草本入侵植物(71.78%)占主导,且大多入侵植物通过有意引入(76.23%)而来。风险评估显示,菊科、豆科和大戟科的植物对生态影响最为显著。在空间分布上,入侵植物的富集区域和生态危害严重区与水电开发区高度重合。现有证据尚不能证明水电开发直接导致了新入侵植物的增加,但确实在一定程度上促进了外来入侵植物在区域内的引入与扩散。同时,本文还针对性地提出了水电开发建设与运行中防控外来入侵植物的具体建议。

澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域土地利用变化及生态环境质量演变

【目的】研究澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域土地利用变化及生态环境质量地域分异。【方法】运用动态度模型和地学信息图谱理论,基于Global Land 30、全球30 m精细地表覆盖数据集等,分析澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域在2000—2010年和2010—2020年2个时序单元的土地利用变化;构建生态环境质量评价体系,采用探索性空间数据分析方法探究其分异。【结果】澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域土地利用类型变动速率差异明显;在图谱空间中,长期稳定型的分布最广,图谱变化类型呈片状零散分布;2000—2020年,研究区土地利用类型转移呈多样性和不均衡性,林地为主要转出类型,贡献了总转出面积的46%以上。2000—2010年,研究区不同土地利用类型空间呈南北弱、中间强的散点分散格局;2010—2020年,则呈南北强、中间弱的片状集中格局,且不同类型的涨落势具有显著的相似性。生态环境质量空间格局总体呈南高北低的片状分布,具有较弱的空间正相关性,生态环境发展水平的空间俱乐部收敛特征显著性较低。【结论】澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域土地利用具有图谱变化稳定性、地域分异国别性和生态质量差异性,耕地和草地转变为林地有助于改善生态环境,但林地转为耕地以及城镇化导致了生态环境恶化。

The evaluation of TRMM tion Analysis （TMPA） in the Lancang River Basin Multisatellite Precipitadrought monitoring in

Drought is one of the most destructive disasters in the Lancang River Basin, which is an ungauged basin with strong heterogeneity on terrain and climate. Our validation suggested the version-6 monthly TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis （TMPA; 3B43 V.6） product during the period 1998 to 2009 is an alternative precipitation data source with good accuracy. By using the standard precipitation index （SPI）, at the grid point （0.25°×0.25°） and sub-basin spatial scales, this work assessed the effectiveness of TMPA in drought monitoring during the period 1998 to 2009 at the 1-month scale and 3-months scale; validated the monitoring accuracy of TMPA for two severe droughts happened in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Some conclusions are drawn as follows. （1） At the grid point spatial scale, in comparison with the monitoring results between rain gauges （SPIlg） and TMPA grid （SPIls）, both agreed well at the 1-month scale for most of the grid points and those grid points with the lowest critical success index （CSI） are distributed in the middle stream of the Lancang River Basin. （2） The same as SPIls, the consistency between SPI3s and SPI3g is good for most of the grid points at the 3-months scale, those grid points with the lowest were concentrated in the middle stream and downstream of the Lancang River Basin. （3） At the 1-month scale and 3-months scale, CSI ranged from 50% to 76% for most of the grid points, which demonstrated high accuracy of TMPA in drought monitoring. （4） At the 3-months scale, based on TMPA basin-wide precipitation estimates, though we tended to overestimate （underestimate） the peaks of dry or wet events, SPI3s detected successfully the occurrence of them over the five sub-basins at the most time and captured the occurrence and development of the two severe droughts happened in 2006 and 2009. This analysis shows that TMPA has the potential for drought monitoring in data-sparse regions.

气候变化影响下澜湄流域下游水稻生产用水量模拟与分析

农业用水是社会经济用水的主要行业,气候变化对农业用水的影响可能改变区域的水资源供需情势。以澜沧江-湄公河流域下游为研究区,基于ERA5-Land数据集和最新的CMIP6气候预测数据,选用SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP5-8.5三种排放情景,AquaCrop模型将非生产性土壤蒸发和生产性作物蒸腾分离,将水稻生长期内蒸腾总量作为水稻生产用水量,模拟了澜沧江-湄公河流域下游历史和未来时期水稻生产用水量,分析了水稻生产用水量的变化情况及其与温度、降水和CO_(2)浓度之间的相关关系。结果表明:澜沧江-湄公河流域下游水稻生产用水量在空间上表现为北多南少,总体呈现逐年减少趋势,且在SSP5-8.5情景下趋势更加明显。SSP5-8.5情景下的未来远期,澜沧江-湄公河流域下游水稻生产用水量将减少29.7%。与温度和降水相比,水稻生产用水量和CO_(2)浓度之间的相关性最强。SSP5-8.5情景下的未来远期,在泰国的相关系数为-0.875,其余国家各季度下的相关系数均小于-0.9。

An improved modeling of precipitation phase and snow in the Lancang River Basin in Southwest China

Precipitation phase(e.g., rainfall and snowfall) and snow(e.g., snowpack and snowmelt runoff) in high-mountain regions may largely affect runoff generation, which is critical to water supply, hydropower generation, agricultural irrigation, and ecosystems downstream. Accurately modeling precipitation phase and snow is therefore fundamental to developing a better understanding of hydrological processes for high-mountain regions and their lower reaches. The Lancang River(LR, or the Upper Mekong River)in China, among the most important transboundary rivers originating from the Tibetan Plateau, features active dam construction and complex water resources allocation of various stakeholders in Southeast Asian countries under climate change. This study aims to improve precipitation phase and snow modeling for the LR basin with a hydrological model and multisource remotely sensed data. Results show that joint use of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) land surface temperature product with high spatial resolution(1 km×1 km) and an air temperature product can more precisely distinguish precipitation phase than air and wet-bulb temperature products in the LR basin. Snowfall and snowmelt were found to be controlled primarily by rainfall and snowfall temperature thresholds in snow modeling. The rainfall and snowfall temperature thresholds derived from the hydrological model through calibration with remotely sensed snowpack at basin scales were considerably lower than those derived from in situ observations. Rainfall and snowfall temperature thresholds derived from in situ observations could lead to the overestimation of snowmelt runoff due mostly to the lack of representation of point-based measurements at basin scales. This study serves as a basis for better modeling and predicting snow for the LR basin and potentially other similar basins globally.

澜沧江流域云南松群落分布与地形因子的关系研究

依据2020年在澜沧江流域分层抽样调查的120个云南松样地数据,提取云南松群落数据和地形因子数据,采用典型对应分析法研究澜沧江流域云南松群落的分布与海拔、坡向和坡度的相关关系。结果表明,地形因子中对澜沧江流域云南松群落分布影响较大的因子为海拔,其次为坡度,坡向对云南松林分布的影响较小。

Projection on precipitation frequency of different intensities and precipitation amount in the Lancang-Mekong River basin in the 21st century

In the Lancang‒Mekong River basin(LMRB),agriculture,dominating the local economy,faces increasing challenges in water supply under climate change.The projection of future precipitation in this basin is essential for understanding the challenges.In this study,the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model was applied to project the LMRB precipitation.Comparing with the historical period(1986e2005),we analyzed the changes of both the projected precipitation amount and the frequency of rainless(<0.1 mm d1),light rain(0.1e10 mm d1),moderate rain(10e25 mm d1),heavy rain(25e50 mm d1),rainstorm(50e100 mm d1),and heavy rainstorm(>100 mm d1)for three periods,namely the near-term(2016e2035),mid-term(2046e2065),and long-term(2080e2099).The results indicate that the precipitation amount during the wet season(AprileOctober)is expected to increase in most areas of the basin for the three periods.As for the precipitation during the dry season(NovembereMarch),an increase is projected in most areas for the near-term,while an increase in the lower reach of the basin and a decrease in the upper and middle reach for the mid-term and long-term.The precipitation reduction is expected to be greatest in Myanmar,Laos,Thailand,and Yunnan province of China for the mid-term.The frequency of precipitation in different intensities has prominent regional and temporal differences.During the wet season,the days of rainless and light rain are expected to decrease in the middle reach,whereas the days of rainstorm and heavy rainstorm increase.This feature is especially strong in southern Thailand,southern Laos and Cambodia in the near-term and in Laos and Thailand for the mid-term and long-term.During the dry season,there are projected increasing rainless days and decreasing days of precipitation for the other intensities in the middle reach,and opposite in the rest area of the basin.These projected precipitation changes have potential various impact in different parts of the basin.The middle reach would likely face increasing flood risks because of more days of rainstorm and heavy rainstorm,as well as more precipitation.Yunnan,Myanmar,Thailand and Laos would probably be the center of drought threatens during the dry season due to the increment of rainless days and the precipitation reduction.Besides,the seawater intrusion during the dry season in the near-term and mid-term would be more serious as a result of the precipitation decrease in southern Vietnam.

人类命运共同体视域下跨境水资源的研究进展与展望

基于CiteSpace可视化分析软件,对2013—2022年CNKI中跨境水资源相关文献进行了梳理,从整体跨境水资源与典型国际河流这两个层面分析了跨境水资源的研究进展和前沿动态。结果显示:人类命运共同体倡议提出后,跨境水资源研究经历了相对平稳和快速增长两个阶段;跨境水资源研究的核心作者主要是徐宗学、陈晓宏、何大明、周海炜等,这些学者之间已经形成了部分团队合作;河海大学商学院、中国科学院大学、武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室等是跨境水资源的主要研究机构,各研究机构间合作较少;跨境水资源研究视角多元化,其中国际水法、水外交、水安全、水利益等是研究热点,国际河流中澜沧江和珠江流域是研究热点;跨境水资源研究最新进展主要体现在流域共同体建设上,并已提出构建澜湄流域水安全共同体;未来跨境水资源研究热点可能是利益共同体与生态共同体的构建、跨境水冲突的应对机制与补偿机制、结合地缘经济政治与粮食安全等领域的研究。