A New Record of Anguillid Fish in Lancangjiang River,China:Anguilla bicolor

One specimen was collected from Lancangjiang River in Jinghong,China on August 1st,2006.It is identified as Anguilla bicolor McClelland,1844,a new record of Anguillidae species occurring in Lancangjiang River in China.It could be distinguished from other Anguilla species by the character as：dorsal-fin origin located above vent vertically.It is an active nocturnal forager,feeding largely on a diet of crustaceans and mollusks.

北澜沧江花岗岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

藏东地区广泛发育古特提斯花岗岩,如与金沙江缝合带相关的江达—维西花岗岩带和与甘孜—理塘缝合带相关的义敦花岗岩带。但是与龙木错—双湖(碧土)古特提斯主缝合带相关的北澜沧江花岗岩带并没有得到普遍认可。本文选取北澜沧江花岗岩带南端的碧罗雪山花岗岩展开研究,揭示其岩石学、年代学和地球化学特征,并进一步揭示其构造意义。岩石样品中锆石具有明显的岩浆岩振荡环带,年龄数据聚集在在217±1 Ma左右,ε_(Hf)(t)均值为-13.5,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-12.0,Sr-Nd-Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄均在2.0 Ga左右;岩石显微观察及地化特征表明岩石为花岗岩类,样品的岩浆来自具有古老地壳重熔成因的中上地壳酸性岩,构造判别图显示岩石为陆陆碰撞阶段花岗岩特征,这与主特提斯洋向东俯冲于兰坪—思茅地块之下以及随后发生陆陆碰撞的构造演化模型相契合。岩石地化特征和其构造位置支持碧罗雪山花岗岩带是北澜沧江花岗岩带的南端。由此,藏东地区存在一条长达700 km的花岗岩带,该花岗岩带从类乌齐、昌都吉塘、左贡东大山、芒康盐井、德钦梅里雪山延伸到维西碧罗雪山。碧罗雪山花岗岩的岩石年代学、地球化学数据为龙木措—双湖缝合带与昌宁—孟连缝合带的对接提供了详细的证据。

Magmatic Hydrothermal Origin of the Wenyu Copper Polymetallic Deposit, Southern Lancangjiang Zone, SW China

The Wenyu copper polymetallic deposit, with proven reserves of about 0.23 Mt Cu, 394 t Ag and 0.04 Mt Pb, is located in the central part of the Lancangjiang volcanic rock belt （Fig. l a）, which is one of the most potential copper polymetallic exploration areas in SW China.

Monitoring of Land-Cover Dynamic Change in Lancangjiang River Cascaded Hydropower Area

The analysis of the 3 stages＇ （1988,1996,2000） variation of land-cover is performed according to Thematic Mapper （TM） and Enhancement Thematic Mapper（ETM） satellite image by combining ground GIS database with GPS field collected data in the area of Xiaowan-Dachaoshan Reservoirs of Lancangjiang River cascaded Hydropower Area. Consequently, the land-cover is divided into five subclasses, namely water, paddy field and wetland, bare dryland and sparse shrub, secondary forest and density forest. The result showed that the areas of bare land, upland and secondary forest decreased in 1988-1996, whereas from 1996 to 2000, water body and density forest keep invariability while the areas of paddy field and wetland, bare dryland and sparse scrub increasing and the area of secondary forest decrease; Features of reciprocal transformation between density forest and other type of land-cover had two points, i.e. secondary forest, bare dryland and sparse shrub converted to density forest; and density forest converted to secondary forest and paddy field and wetland. It reflects the dynamic variation of density forest; the area which slope less than 8° and greater than 15° shows bigger variation, however, less change in 8°-15°.

A study on the geochemical characteristics of Upper Permian continental marginal arc volcanic rocks in the northern segment of South Lancangjiang Belt

Geochemical characteristics of the Upper Permian (P-2) continental marginal arc volcanic rocks are described, which have been found recently around the areas of Xiaodingxi and Zangli on the eastern side of the Yunxian|Lincang granite, in terms of rock assemblage, petrochemistry, REE, trace elements, Pb isotopes, geotectonic environment and so on. The volcanic rock assemblage is dominated by basalt-andesite-dacite, with minor trachyte andecite-trachyte; the volcanic rock series is predominated by the calc-alkaline series, with minor tholleiite series and alkaline series rocks; the volcanic rocks are characterized by high Al-2O-3 and low TiO-2, with K-2O contents showing extremely strong polarity; the REE distribution patterns are characterized by LREE enrichment and right-inclined type; trace elements and large cation elements are highly enriched, Ti and Cr are depleted, and P and Nb are partially depleted; the Pb composition is of the Gondwana type; the petrochemical points mostly fall within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks, in consistency with the projection of data points of continental marginal volcanic rocks in the southern segment of the South Lancangjiang Belt and the North Lancangjiang Belt. This continental marginal arc volcanic rock belt, together with the ocean-ridge and ocean-island volcanic rocks and ophiolites in the Changning-Menglian Belt, constitute the ocean-ridge volcanic rock, ophiolite-arc rock-magmatic rock belts which are distributed in pairs, indicating that the Lancangjiang oceanic crust subducted eastwards. This result is of great importance in constraining the evolution of the paleo-Tethys in the Lancangjiang Belt.

PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON METALLOGENESIS OF LANCANGJIANG RIVER TRANSITIONAL FIELD TECTONIC ZONE IN WESTERN YUNNAN

Applying the crustobody geotectonic theory to geological prospecting at the Lancangjiang river metallogenic belt in western Yunnan province, and on the basis of the basic geological background of western Yunnan and the space-time evolution-movement historical-dynamic features of the Lancangjiang river tectonic belt, the author has discussed firstly the metallogenesis of the Lancangjiang river transitional field tectonic zone, which can provide a new theoretical foundation for exploring the space-time laws of mineralization in this region.

Newly developed evidence for the original Tethysan island-arc volcanic rocks in the southern segment of the South Lancangjiang Belt

This paper re-describes the characteristics of pre-Ordovician (Pt3) metamorphic volcanic rocks in the Huimin-Manlai region of Yunnan Province from the aspects of petrographic characteristics, rock assemblage, petrochemistry, REE, trace elements, lead isotopes and geotectonic setting. The metamorphic volcanic rocks maintain blasto-intergranular and blasto-andesitic textures; the volcanic rocks are characterized by a basalt-andesite-dacite assemblage; the volcanic rocks are basic-intermediate-intermediate-acid in chemical composition, belonging to semi-alkaline rocks, with calc-alkaline series and tholeiite series coexisting, and they are characterized by low TiO2 contents; their REE distribution patterns are of the LREE-enrichment right-inclined type; the volcanic rocks are enriched in large cation elements and commonly enriched in Th and partly depleted in Ti, Cr and P, belonging to the Gondwana type as viewed from their Pb isotopic composition; petrochemically the data points fall mostly within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks. All these characteristics provided new evidence for the existence of original Tethysan island-arc volcanic rocks in the region studied.

THE PERMIAN SYSTEM OF THE NUJIANG—LANCANGJIANG—JINSHAJIANG AREA, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

Permian system is one of the best developed systems in Sanjiang area. In Yidun\|Zhongdian and in Zhiso\|Muli, The Lower Permian is clastics\|carbonates\|volcanics with interbeds of siliceous sediments, Whereas the Upper Permian is composed of lower part of basic volcanics and upper part of clastics\|carbonates with a total thickness of 1000～4000 meters .In Zhongzha (Batang)\|Jingping region, It is mainly carbonates of 217～1320 meters thick, But in Jingping proper, there occur about 5000 meters thick basalts of early late Permian . From Batang to Benzinan along the Jinshajiang river , the lower Permian is clastics\|volcanics\|carbonates formation with interbeds of siliceous sediments and spilite formation; Whereas the Upper Permian is clastics with volcanic interbeds; The total thickness being 3700 to 7100 meters. In Jiangda—Mangco (Mangkang), It is clastic\|carbonate\|volcanic formation of 1100 to 2400 meters . In Tuoba (Qamdo)—Haitong (Mankang)—Ximi (Mujiang ), It is mainly clastics\|carbonates formation , the Upper Permian being coal\|bearing clastics sequence and the total thickness being 700～2500 meters ,In Zhado—Zhasuosuo (Mangkang)—Deqing—Qinggu—Qinghong, It is clastic\|carbonate\|volcanic formation, locally with coal\|bearing clastics of Upper Permian and the total thickness of mainly carbonate formation and clastic formation with coal\|bearing clastic formation of Uppermian, is 800 to 2000 meters. In the whole area , the Permian strata were slightly metamorphosed, locally more intensively metamorphosed up to amphibolite facies. The fossils found belong to fusulinids, coral, brachiopods,ammonite,bivalve, gastropods, bryozoa,foraminifera, trilobite, algae ,porifera (sponge), and continental plant . Besides the Gondwana cold\|water type components of brachiopods found in Baoshan, the fossils belong mainly to Cathaysian biota, especially to South China type. In some places such as Mangkang, Guxue (Dewong), to South China type. In some places such as Mangkang, Guxue (Dewong), and Wachang (Muli), the resedimented Late Carboniferous fusulinid fossils can be found in the clastic limestone of Lower Permian, and the Early Permian or even Middle to Late Carboniferous fusulinid fossils found in Upper Permian classic limestone. All these suggest the resedimentation of biolimestone blocks or fragments related to fault\|volcanism .On the section of Tongba (Muli), the permian is continuous graded upwards into the Triassic, with a transitional zone of fossil.

A DISCUSSION ON FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE LANCANGJIANG PLATE JUNCTION WITH ANALOGY: WHETHER OR NOT THE LANCANGJIANG OCEAN EXISTED IN LATE PALEOZOIC

Lancangjiang plate junction consisting of the Paleozoic and pre\|Paleozoic underwent multiple tectonism and was overlain by sedimentary cover which resulted in rare reservation and scattered exposure of the Paleozoic and pre\|Paleozoic. Meanwhile, Strong deformation and metamorphism result in difficulty in correlating various strata, in determining stratigraphical age and in distinguishing contact character. Therefore, Arguments for formation and evolution of the plate junction have not been convinced. This study advances some new conceptions.Whether or not the Lancangjiang Ocean existed in Late Paleozoic? There are controversies over differing opinions. Our basin research of the Qamdo block indicates no sufficient evidence for existence of the Lancangjiang Ocean in Late Paleozoic. Firstly, commonly, people think the Lancangjiang Ocean to be opened in Devonian to Middle Carboniferous , to be closed in Late Carboniferous to Late Permian and to be collided to orogeny in Triassic. However, along Qamdo—Jitang—Dengba zone, only Kargong Group and Machala Formation are exposed in Jitang and Shalong—Dengba regions, respectively. Both Kargong Group and Machala Formation consist of clastic rock intercalated with coal\|bearing series in the lower and carbonate rock intercalated with a small amount of clastic rock, without abyssal deposits. Secondly, island arc volcanite resulting from collision other than ophiolite suite has been discovered along the Lancangjiang in the Qamdo block. In view of the above\|mentioned facts, we make an approach to evolution of the Lancangjiang plate junction by correlation with the Jinshajiang plate junction.

Compositional Variation and Mineral Chemistry of the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang Serpentinites, Yunnan Province, SW China

We present the whole rock and the mineral chemical data for upper mantle peridotites from the San-Jiang region in Yunnan, SW China. These peridotites are a part of a Paleo-Tethyan ophiolite belt occurring along the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang suture zones. All samples of the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang ultramafic rocks are completely serpentinized. The Jinshajiang serpentinites are characterized by no relict of olivine and pyroxene, and the Cr# content of spinels is 0.32–0.49. The Lancangjiang serpentinites were collected from two different locations; the northern location which has some relict of Opx（Al2O3 is 0.13–2.2 wt%, TiO 2 is 0.004–0.057 wt% and Mg# content is 0.895–0.933） and the Cr# content of spinel is 0.26-0.55; the southern location, which has some relict of Olivine（Fo = 90–92.5 and NiO = 0.12–0.26 wt%）, and spinel Cr# ranging from 0.41 to 0.57. The whole rock geochemical and the mineral chemistry data imply that the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang serpentinites represent abyssal peridotites residues after ~15–20% partial melting for the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang serpentinites（south location）, and ~11–19% partial melting for the Lancangjiang serpentinites（north location）. In addition, the compositional trends of the spinel analyses of the Lancangjiang serpentinites imply that the MORB melt-peridotite interaction process played a significant role during their evolution. These processes are evidenced by an increase in Cr# with an increase in TiO 2, whereas the spinel analyses of the Jinshajiang serpentinites display an increase in Cr# with a decrease in Ti O2, indicating that the Jinshajiang serpentinites were subjected to a simple partial melting process.

Arc-trench System of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean: Inferred from Ophiolite in the Southern Lancangjiang Belt, SW China

The Paleo-Tethys Ocean is usually interpreted as a Paleozoic ocean basin located between the Gondwana and Laurasia supercontinents. The Paleo-Tethyan orogenic record is well preserved in the Sanjiang area of SW China. However, ophiolites are commonly dismembered in orogenic belt, and complete ophiolite sequences are rare in the Sanjiang area. The southern Lancangjiang belt is the most complicated tectonic complex of the Sanjiang Paleo-Tethyan orogen, SW China, and is key to understanding the evolution of the orogen. In this study, we focused on mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Yakou and Banpo areas of the southern Lancangjiang belt, of which newly discovered Yakou rocks show a complete ophiolite sequence. These rocks are composed of serpentinized peridotite, isotropic and cumulate gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, and plagiogranite. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that these rocks were formed in an oceanic ridge setting, and they show depletions in Nb, Ta and Ti, and enrichment in Pb, suggesting a supra-subduction zone affinity of a back-arc setting. Furthermore, positive εNd(t)(+4.5 to +6.7) and zircon εHf(t) values(+12.4 to +14.3), as well as mantle-like δ18O values(~5.5‰), suggest that these rocks were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. All of these features suggest that the Yakou mafic-ultramafic complex represents an ophiolite suite, making it the first complete ophiolite sequence to be discovered in the southern Lancangjiang orogenic belt. The Banpo complex gabbroic rocks have similar whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic, and zircon O-Hf isotopic compositions to those of the Yakou complex, suggesting an N-MORB affinity. Thus, maficultramafic rocks from the Banpo and Jinghong areas are most likely dismembered ophiolite suites. Considering these various characteristics, we consider that the Yakou, Banpo, and Jinghong mafic-ultramafic complexes represent an ophiolite belt but not a magmatic arc belt. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yield weighted mean ages of 305±3 Ma, 310±2 Ma, and 313±6 Ma. Therefore, we suggest that the Banpo-Jinghong mafic-ultramafic complex represents a Late Carboniferous(313–305 Ma) ophiolite belt in the Sanjiang Paleo-Tethyan orogen of SW China. Finally, we propose that an arc-trench system could have developed in the Sanjiang Paleo-Tethyan orogenic belt of SW China during the Late Carboniferous.

PROSPECTING FOR COPPER (GOLD)-POLYMETAL ORES FROM THE LANCANGJIANG TECTONIC ZONE IN WESTERN YUNNAN

The L ancangjiang tectonic zone in Western Yunnan is an important magmatic,meta- morphic and tectonic mobile zone of Southwestern China,whose geotectonic location is very unique. It is characterized by complex geological structures,perfectly developed strata,fre- quent magmatic activities,various degrees of metamorphism,rich ore resources and lots of metal deposits,thus formed a centralized zone of mineralization and also constituted one of the importantmetallogenicbelts of noble and nonferrousmetal deposits.Thatiswhy the re- searching on geology for this zone is of great

滇西就康地区芒汇河组厘定:来自锆石U-Pb年龄和双壳化石的证据

滇西云县—景洪一带广泛分布的火山-沉积地层不仅是南澜沧江构造带的重要组成部分,同时也赋存着丰富的铜(银)矿,其划分对比一度存在争议,制约了对南澜沧江构造带演化和铜矿成矿地质背景的认识。在景谷县就康剖面下部晶屑凝灰岩中,获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为237.9±1.1 Ma,在剖面上部首次采获了大量晚三叠世双壳化石,包括7个属,16种,可以建立Cardium-Schafhaeutlia-Unionites?组合,时代为卡尼中期—瑞替期,可与黔西南、滇东南、桂北相应时期的双壳类序列进行对比。综合晶屑凝灰岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄和双壳化石生物地层学证据,将该套地层对比为芒汇河组,时代主体为晚三叠世,并非前人认为的早侏罗世。研究结果不仅对认识存在长期争议的南澜沧江带火山-地层时代、划分和区域对比具有重要意义,还可以为探讨南澜沧江带构造演化与铜矿成矿地质背景研究提供新资料。

澜沧江梯级水库水化学特征及其对水-气界面CO_(2)通量的影响

由温室气体排放所造成的气候变化已成为人们最为关注的问题之一,而目前对梯级水库温室气体的源-汇关系及其影响因素的系统研究相对较少。为厘清梯级水库水化学特征及其对水体CO_(2)分压(pCO_(2))及通量的影响,于2019年5~11月对澜沧江6个梯级水库进行定点采样,测定水体理化参数并计算水体离子来源、CO_(2)分压及释放通量(FCO_(2))。结果表明,澜沧江流域水体中的主要离子来源于碳酸盐岩、硅酸盐和蒸发岩的风化,而大气输入的贡献比例相对较低;澜沧江流域梯级水库pCO_(2)的大小受到多方面因素的影响,主要包括生物新陈代谢作用、水动力学条件以及水库库龄等。澜沧江梯级水库FCO_(2)范围为-12.99 mmol/(m2·d)至334.08 mmol/(m2·d)之间,平均值为43.38 mmol/(m2·d),总的来说澜沧江梯级水库是一个大气CO_(2)源。与pCO_(2)值类似,FCO_(2)值也呈现出明显的空间变化与季节性变化,具有较强的时空异质性。

澜沧江梯级筑坝下水体氮磷分布特征及其形成机制

水库建设改变了河流水文情势及物质迁移转化过程,从而影响水环境质量。为探究梯级筑坝影响下河流氮、磷的空间分布特征及其形成机制,以澜沧江为研究对象,于2016年和2021年分别开展了沿程水环境监测,对比分析水体中氮、磷及其形态浓度在水库建成前后的变化及沿程分布特征,探究氮、磷变化及其沿程分布的主控因子和影响机制。结果表明:由于河流建库蓄水淹没的土地释放大量土壤有机氮,新建水库段(2021年)水体总氮(TN)浓度相比于建库前(2016年)显著上升;由于建库后水流流速减缓而促进颗粒态磷沉降,水体总磷(TP)浓度显著下降。此外,河流建库蓄水后原自然河道的水环境特征改变且利于沉积物磷的释放,筑坝后水体磷酸盐(PO^(3-)_(4)-P)占生物可利用磷(Bio-P)的比例显著上升。受沿程土地利用的影响,从上游到下游水体TN浓度总体上逐渐升高,而水体TP浓度由于水库的截留效应逐渐降低。筑坝增加的水力停留时间为水库氮、磷转化提供了有利条件,主要表现为溶解性无机氮以硝态氮为主转变为以氨氮为主;同时,Bio-P中PO^(3-)_(4)-P的占比也有所上升。研究揭示了澜沧江梯级筑坝对水体氮、磷分布特征的影响及机制,研究结果可为澜沧江梯级水库建设下河流生态环境保护提供科学依据。

基于重力及多源资料的滇西南糯扎渡地区隐伏岩体推断

通过1∶20万区域重力调查,在南澜沧江糯扎渡地区发现一圈闭良好,幅值较高,形状呈椭圆形的剩余重力负异常,推测可能由隐伏花岗岩体引起.在异常中心局部有花岗岩体出露,岩浆热液活动强烈.已发现有多个铜多金属矿矿点,以及大平掌铜多金属矿床.化探也显示W、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag等高中低温元素的分带异常,遥感在异常区有环状构造,航磁围绕该重力异常有较强磁异常.种种资料显示糯扎渡地区存在隐伏花岗岩体,范围以剩余重力负异常零值线圈定约308 km^(2).通过图切SN和WE两条剖面反演了该岩体的空间展布形态,也进一步证明只有下伏存在花岗岩体,才能拟合上述重力异常.由于该隐伏花岗岩体位于澜沧江构造带上,周围又有基性火山岩,因此无论从构造上,还是物质来源上,都具备成大矿的潜力,建议开展进一步的矿产调查工作.

道路对景观的影响及其生态风险评价——以澜沧江流域为例

道路贯穿于各类景观。道路网络的发展也产生了许多生态效应。道路的生态风险分析是基于生态效应,通过格局和过程的研究,综合评估各类潜在生态影响及其累积性后果。从景观生态学理论入手,分析了道路对景观的影响,将道路对景观的影响区分为建设期和运营期2个阶段,并提出了基于格局和过程的生态环境指数,进而得出道路综合生态风险评价的方法。以澜沧江流域上中下游的3个典型区为例,研究道路对景观的影响。结果表明,虽然不同案例区道路影响的景观类型和格局不同,其风险的分布也不同,但综合风险指数和道路密度具有很高的一致性。

道路网络对澜沧江流域典型区土地利用变化的驱动分析

道路网络的存在和扩展影响着周边土地利用的格局,辨析其驱动效应对道路及生态管理具有重要意义.选取澜沧江流域典型山地生态系统为研究区域,以景洪市为案例区,通过解译和地理信息系统分析不同时期的遥感数据,研究了案例区所在的县域和道路影响域的土地利用变化规律.结果表明,1980～2000年间,道路两侧不同缓冲区的林地、灌丛有所减少,而建设用地和旱地面积的增加超过了10%;以2000年为例,土地利用格局的Shannon多样性、Simpson均匀度和斑块密度指数随道路缓冲距离增加而降低.100m缓冲距离情况下,3个指数为2.04,0.83和5845个·km-2,而1000m分别为1.92,0.81和599个·km-2,人工干扰指数也从46.6%下降到34.4%,而且格局指数和人工干扰指数都是2000年大于1980年.景观格局和人工干扰的时空分析表明,道路网络对区域土地利用的驱动作用随着距离道路的远近和时间有明显的变化.土地利用转移矩阵分析表明,灌丛、林地、旱地受到建设用地转移驱动最大.

早三叠世北澜沧江结合带碰撞作用：类乌齐花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素证据

西藏东部类乌齐一带吉塘岩群中新识别出一套花岗质片麻岩,其Cameca锆石U-Pb年龄为246.3±0.8Ma,表明该变质花岗岩形成于早三叠世。该套变质侵入体具高SiO2(68.21%～74.82%)、富K2O(K2O/Na2O>1)和低P2O5(<0.26%)特征,铝饱和指数(ACNK)为1.01～1.19,属准铝质到过铝质岩石;富集Rb、Th和U,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Eu等;并具不均一的锆石εHf(t)值(-1.3～+3.7)和古老的锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄(1.0～1.4Ga),具有碰撞型花岗岩的地球化学特征。类乌齐变质侵入体很可能形成于澜沧江结合带所代表的洋盆闭合后碰撞的地球动力学背景,可能是幔源岩浆诱发古老地壳物质重熔并与之混合形成母岩浆,再经历高程度分离结晶作用而形成,为北澜沧江结合带碰撞造山过程的产物,暗示澜沧江结合带在早三叠世存在岩浆增生事件,藏东类乌齐地区在246Ma之前己进入陆-陆碰撞时期。