Development Model and Characteristics of Rural Land Joint Stock-cooperative System

We introduce and analyze operating mechanism of three major rural land joint-stock cooperative systems in China,including community type(Nanhai model),collective leasing type(Ningxia Pingluo model) and joint operating type(Zhejiang Jiande model).Current rural land joint-stock cooperative system has following characteristics.Firstly,adhere to the collective ownership and household contract responsibility system in rural areas.Secondly,safeguard farmers' land contractual rights and interests.Thirdly,implement large-scale agricultural production and operation.Fourthly,carry out normative operation of farmers' cooperatives.On the basis of these,we point out such problems as backward technology and short of funds in development of rural land joint-stock cooperative system.Finally,we conclude that the development of rural land joint-stock cooperative system should fully draw lessons from foreign advanced experience,actively try new model like securitization of rural land,to explore a road suitable for current national conditions.

Land Credit Cooperatives Help Construction of New Countryside

This article introduces the experience of Pingluo County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, where "land credit cooperatives" have thrived. Based on a survey of the background, function, business scope, structure, supportive policy and the performance of "land credit cooperatives", the author believes that the essence of the cooperative is a "land joint-stock cooperation organization" whose experience may be of particular relevance to the building of a "new socialist countryside".

Protection of Collective Rights of Rural Members in the Process of Land Transfer under Shareholding Cooperative Systems

According to the legal definitions of land transfer under shareholding cooperative systems,rural groups,collective rights of members,and this paper discloses the necessity of protecting the collective rights of members.In terms of qualification definition of members,rights of fetus,married daughters and sons in law cannot be guaranteed.In terms of rights protection,partial rights cannot be assured,power of personal stake inthe collective members is imperfect which results in inadequate,unbalanced,shaky and unpunctuated benefits.Based on objective and subjectivecauses,the democratic management rights of members in land transfer process have been weakened or even deprived,the protection of the basiclife is hard to realize.The paper proposes that it is necessary to build the social protection mechanisms of rural land shareholding cooperative sys-tems.The first is to treat those members that own land,attending the shareholding cooperation but having not taken part in the land transfer proces-sion as the protection objects.The second is in the procession of land transfer,making it clear the compensation standards of land transfer,estab-lishing the intermediate agencies of land transfer and performing the collective economic organizing functions.The third is that the account capital ofsocial protection is contributed together by personal member,the land users(shareholding cooperative companies) and government.The fourth isto pay more attention to the added value and safety management of capital operation.

Land Consolidation Model Implemented by Cooperated Rural Households——A Case of Hubin Village, Baijia Town of Dianjiang County

In view of the problems faced by implementation model of cooperated rural households in terms of limited use scope, insufficient governmental policy and one-sided participation of rural households, the comprehensive evaluation index system of the feasibility of implementation model of cooperated rural households is established. From the macro-perspective, seven indexes including urban land use, township economic development stage, urbanization and township enterprise structure are selected. From the micro-perspective, 12 indexes including location situation, governance capability and economic developmental level at village level are selected. Besides, the multiple factors evaluation model is established. Taking implementation items of cooperated rural households in Hubin Village, Baijia Town of Dianjiang County as an example, the implantations items are analyzed by using the comprehensive evaluation model and the evaluation results are in accordance with actual situation. The effectiveness of the comprehensive evaluation method is proved. However, affected by the limited application scope of implementation model, insufficient policy and one-sided farmers' participation, in order to avoid copying the successful experience of completed pilot blindly, farmers are suggested to adopt the implementation model of cooperated rural households.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Land Use in the Dja-Odzala-MinkébéLandscape between Cameroon, Congo and Gabon: Influence on the Evolution of Forest Cover in a Context of Cross-Border Cooperation

This study is being carried out in the cross-border area of the tri-national Dja-Odzala-Minkébé (TRIDOM), subject of a cooperation agreement between Cameroon, Congo and Gabon in 2005. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in land use in the context of cross-border cooperation. Geographic information systems and remote sensing were used to produce the various land use maps. For this purpose, the MERIS satellite images for the periods 1992, 2005 and 2018 were used. The exploration of the different images and the field visits made it possible to identify the following six land use classes: dense forests, degraded/deforested forests, savannas, swamp forests, buildings and bare soils, water surfaces. It emerges that the TRIDOM landscape is mainly occupied by dense forests which represent 97.02%, 96.72% and 96.52% respectively in 1992, 2005 and 2018. Then, degraded/deforested forests and savannas which would correspond to cultivation areas and fallow land only represent respectively 1.06% and 0.68% of the landscape in 1992. This proportion in 2005 is respectively 1.22% and 0.77%, whereas in 2018, it is respectively 1.36% and 0.81% of the massif. The landscape of TRIDOM has not experienced any significant land use change during the period after the signing of the cooperation agreement. Historical rates of deforestation are low during the period under study. They are estimated at 0.042% and 0.030% respectively for the period 1992-2005 and the period 2005-2018. These low rates of deforestation seem to be due to the measures taken to secure and sustainably manage the massif taken by the three countries, the low population density in this area and the still difficult level of accessibility of a large part of the massif.

Cooperation agreement reached between the Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangdong Province and C

On August 24, 2017, the Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangdong province and CNPC signed in Beijing a Strategic Cooperation Agreement on Promoting the Building of a Pilot Site for Exploring and Exploiting Gas Hydrate in the Shenhu Area of the South China Sea. The conclusion of this agreement will help accelerate the industrial development of gas hydrate in China, and is of great strategic significance to securing the country＇s energy security and optimizing its energy mix.

加入合作社对家庭农场适度规模经营的影响

本文在探讨家庭农场适度规模经营两种理论观点之争的基础上,基于中国社会科学院农村发展研究所2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查(CRRS)数据,采用普通最小二乘法(OLS)系统考察了家庭农场加入合作社的规模扩大效应及其作用机制。研究发现:首先,加入合作社能够扩大家庭农场经营规模,推动家庭农场适度规模经营。经测算,当前中国家庭农场最优经营规模为188亩,因而家庭农场经营规模仍有扩大的空间。其次,家庭农场加入合作社的规模扩大效应存在异质性,收入水平高、社会资本水平低和自有机械化水平低的家庭农场加入合作社的规模扩大效应更明显。再次,加入合作社扩大家庭农场经营规模主要来自内部服务获取机制和外部资源获取机制,且合作社所提供的销售服务和金融支持对家庭农场经营规模扩大具有更强的促进效应。最后,耕地细碎化程度负向调节家庭农场加入合作社的规模扩大效应,耕地细碎化不利于加入合作社的家庭农场扩大经营规模。本文的研究为推动家庭农场适度规模经营,促进其与合作社融合发展提供了理论指导和决策依据。

创新驱动战略下高校新型校企合作模式研究——以长安大学与陕西省土地工程建设集团合作为例

校企合作是推动我国科技创新的重要方式,探索有效的协同合作模式可以为推动创新驱动提供帮助。该文以近年来长安大学与陕西省土地工程建设集团开展的深入合作为例,分析新型校企合作模式的要点。首先,要长久、深入的合作必须面向国家重大需求,建立在学科发展与行业发展的共同走向之上;其次,要根据时代特征,正确认识企业在合作之中的主体地位,要参与到基础研究、学科建设和人才培养之中;再次,创新合作必须构建完整的“产-学-研”创新通路,实现科技转化、市场转化和需求转化;然后,合作目标必须明确并以具体工作、任务的形式落实到具体的承载体上;最后,制度和文化建设是新型合作得以实施的主要保障。该文认为这种新型合作模式具有“长期性”“基础性”和“连贯性”,体现企业在合作创新中的深度参与。

基于集体所有制对农村体育的历史审视及学术反思

新中国成立后,在中国共产党领导下迅速形成的具有社会主义性质的集体所有制,既是组织农业生产的一项基本经济制度,也是治理农村社会的一项基本政治制度,还是改善农民生活的一项基本民生制度。因此,新中国成立后70多年来农村集体所有制的形成、改革与完善,必然左右着农村体育发展的方向和路径,决定着农村体育发展的组织与机制,制约着农村体育发展的规模与形式。该研究采用历史阐释和社会批判的方法,分析集体所有制在不同的历史时期对农村体育发展以何种原因和何种方式产生影响。结果显示:社会主义改造和“农业合作化运动”,使广大农民走上了集体化的合作道路,加速了农民对体育的社会主义认知;社会主义建设和人民公社体制,奠定了农村集体所有制的制度基础,为推动农村体育开展提供了基本的组织方式;改革开放和“家庭联产承包责任制”,重塑了农村的生产关系和社会结构,为农村体育提供了内在的需求与动力;新时代和农村土地制度改革的深化,推进了新型农业经营体系的形成,为农村体育提供了新的发展路径和走向。

农民专业合作社农地金融的法治保障研究

农民专业合作社农地金融实践的顺利展开,激发了农村土地资本运作功能,是助推农村经济发展、实现乡村振兴的题中应有之义。目前农民专业合作社农地金融的成效不如预期,究其本质原因在于既有立法对于实践探索自发形成的法秩序缺乏有效回应。确保农地金融法律关系主体的金融利益,并促进其所承载的社会公共利益之实现,亟待发挥法律对保障农民专业合作社农地金融实践顺利开展所具有的长效作用。实现农民专业合作社农地金融的法治化,必然要基于农地融资权的社会化向度,以完备农地金融的利益平衡机制为核心任务,以构建农民专业合作社的内部治理结构、完善风险防控和激励保障机制为关键进路。

中小城市本科院校助力共同富裕的角色与路径研究

中小城市本科院校是我国高等教育系统中不可或缺的一部分。中小城市本科院校在促进共同富裕中扮演着助力地方经济发展、推动形成橄榄型社会结构、提升教育公平正义,以及促进人民精神生活共同富裕的多重角色。中小城市本科院校助力共富的实现路径在于深化校地合作,这要求中小城市本科院校与城市形成“共享价值”、加强顶层设计、完善治理结构、改进教师评价机制,以及培育具有服务意识与精神的领导核心。

黄河流域城市群土地利用变化与生态风险评价

选取黄河流域5个国家级城市群作为研究对象,结合6种土地利用类型回溯1990~2020年的土地利用变化,并采用生态风险指数分析评价区域生态风险及其演化特征.研究发现,过去30年在城市群地区,除耕地外草地减少最为明显,分别减少了16778km^(2)和7976km^(2),低风险区面积总体占比增加了7.1%且高风险区面积占比基本稳定,生态风险总体状况呈向好态势;但是,几字弯都市圈的高风险区占比增加约5%且相较其它城市群面积最大,作为兰西城市群核心的兰州市高风险区进一步扩大,中原和山东半岛城市群过去10年均有新的中高风险区出现.对此,建议制定并完善黄河流域城市群国土空间差异化管控对策,针对已存在和潜在高风险区开展土地利用和生态风险协同管控,同时进一步加强耕地、草地、林地等的保护和修复.

宽体飞机地面主轮协同转弯控制律设计

主轮协同转弯技术能有效提高飞机的地面机动性,降低主起落架在转弯过程中受到的附加侧向扭矩,减小重载飞机地面转弯半径,但目前实现此技术的前主轮转角控制律设计方法尚不明确。提出以主起落架受力为约束条件,计算不同滑行速度下的前主轮转角关系,在全速度范围内进行分段选择并离散化,据此设计前主轮协同转弯控制律,以原理样机为对象进行仿真分析,验证了该控制律能有效降低两侧主起落架扭矩和的峰值。提出的设计方法对多轮系地面运载装备的复合转弯控制律设计具有一定的理论指导意义。

农户加入合作社的耕地质量保护效应

基于2020年中国乡村振兴调查的农户数据,实证检验加入合作社对农户采纳耕地质量保护行为的影响及作用机制。结果表明:加入合作社对农户进行耕地质量保护具有显著正向促进作用,这与合作社提供的农业生产技术与培训服务、农产品溢价激励与传递农业生产信息有关,经稳健性检验后该结论依然成立;机制分析表明,加入合作社主要通过提供农业社会化服务和提高农户绿色生产认知两条路径促进农户采纳耕地质量保护行为;异质性分析表明,加入合作社对家庭土地经营规模较大、中西部地区、农业收入预期较高及未经历过土地调整的农户采纳耕地质量保护行为的影响更为显著。据此,建议发挥合作社的组织平台作用、创新合作社发展模式、加强政府对合作社的政策扶持力度以及全面推广合作社培训制度,以实现耕地质量保护。

土地合作社促进绿色农业技术采用研究——基于两阶段演化博弈模型

基于两阶段三方演化博弈模型,分析企业、农户、地方政府、土地合作社四个主体在绿色农业技术采用背景下的行为选择和收益变化,并开展数值仿真与演化路径分析。结果表明:土地合作社的成立通过提升利益主体收益、形成三方共生局面,促进绿色农业技术在农业生产中的采用,并使得演化稳定结果达到帕累托最优情景的概率增加;采用绿色农业技术的成本、收入提升程度对土地合作社行为选择的影响更大;企业展现出较为稳定的参与意愿,地方政府的行为选择对初始投入、政绩与声誉提升程度、上级政府惩罚力度等三个因素更为敏感。据此,建议企业大力开展创新研发工作以提升其产品的市场竞争力;土地合作社积极开展与企业的合作,同时成立公关部门,增强自身的议价与谈判能力;地方政府引导土地合作社、企业在法律和制度的约束下自主开展市场交易,减少不必要的监管成本。

中国—东盟经贸合作:西部陆海新通道的现状考察

西部陆海新通道承担着中国西部内陆腹地通达东盟、连接世界的桥梁和枢纽的重任。基于2017-2021年省际—国别(地区)的细分产品贸易数据,从“设施联通及贸易畅通”“产业优势互补和贸易升级”“产业链供应链布局”三个方面考察了西部陆海新通道沿线省份与东盟国家的经贸合作情况。研究发现,通道沿线交通基础设施建设迅速推进,物流功能不断完善。东盟国家对沿线省市出口结构升级明显,沿线省市面临高、低技术生产环节双重压力。东盟国家与沿线省市产业优势互补性较强,但集成电路产业上游的进口来源地较为集中,一定程度上面临被“卡脖子”风险。应在“以通道促贸易”基础上进一步实现“以贸易聚产业”,加快促进产业和贸易结构优化升级,围绕通道积极谋划产业链供应链布局。

集体林地合作经营背景下动态博弈的稳定协调Solidarity值

针对集体林地动态参与水平联盟合作中难以同时平衡稳定与公平的问题,建立一种概率犹豫模糊环境下的稳定协调分配策略。通过引入动态参与水平下概率犹豫模糊联盟的定义,构造具有调和概率犹豫模糊联盟的合作博弈及其广义Solidarity值,探讨其满足的平均零元性、有效性等重要性质。通过计算与广义Solidarity值距离最近的核心解,提出合作博弈的稳定协调分配策略,并将其应用于集体林地合作经营的收益分配。

基于多智能体协同的无人机编队控制研究

无人机的应用在各方面越来越受到大家的重视,特别是应用在复杂多变的战场中,其具有独特的优势。但是战场中单架次无人机作战能力非常有限,只能完成单一任务且效率较低。多无人机编队协同,可以充分发挥无人机编队的优势,实现更广泛的任务覆盖、更高效的任务执行能力。首先分析了多智能体组网、无人机编队协同动态组网的应用背景和应用场景,提出了“空-天-低空-陆地”联合通信的域,可以实现不同空间层次之间的信息数据传输,达到战场统一指挥和协同作战,提高作战效率;然后,分析之后建立了单个无人机的数学模型,设计了单个无人机的飞行控制器,且通过仿真得出翻滚角、俯仰角和偏航角响应时间分别为0.5 s,0.3 s和2.5 s;之后,基于AirSim插件、Matlab/Simulink、Python等工具设计了无人机编队协同控制系统,可以实现任务场景仿真、各无人机飞行数据的收集和处理;最后,为了解决各个无人机之间的数据交互和决策等问题,设计了协同通信控制模块,并且给出了具体的硬件原理、数据交互的通信协议等,通过仿真和实验完成了无人机编队协同控制系统,为现代战争中趋于无人作战提供一定的理论和实际参考意义。

对农村土地集体所有权主体身份的历史考察及其启示

伴随新中国的成立,经由农村土地改革运动,农民成为农村土地所有权人。此后,经过农业合作化运动,农业合作社高级社成为农村土地所有权人。农村人民公社体制下,农村土地所有权人被变更为生产队,或者大队、人民公社。人民公社体制解体前,农村土地集体所有权人主体身份是清晰的。这种清晰性体现在社员与所有权人之间的关系、所有权人与其他非社员的社会主体之间的关系等各种社会关系方面。当下,在农村土地承包经营体制下,明晰农村土地集体所有权人的主体身份,也应当从其与各类社会主体所建构的社会关系方面加以考察。

基于合作目标的无人机精准引导降落技术

针对无人机起飞降落过程中对定位精度的需求,开发了基于合作目标的无人机精准引导降落系统。系统设计了基于AprilTag的多层嵌套编码标识作为视觉定位合作标志,用于解算降落场地编码信息和计算无人机视觉定位数据,并融合惯性导航数据实现无人机的准确定位。通过视觉图像质量、位姿数据准确度、定位数据跳变情况等参数估算出无人机位置姿态数据的置信度值,通过加权滤波算法优化系统的定位精度。系统进行了实物测试,实验结果表明:该视觉引导降落系统定位精度0.2 m以内,能够满足垂直起降无人机起飞降落阶段的定位精度需求。