Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area(city of over 5 million people):Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology

China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.From 2017 to 2021,the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this area.The achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally visualized.China’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and management.The future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.

Analysis on the land use and cover change in Tianjin Binhai New Area based on the remote sensing

This paper carries out quantitative analysis on the land use/cover （LU/C） change of 13anjin Binhai New Area in recent 10 years through using land use transition matrix from the three-stage LU/C classification maps of 2000, 2005 and 2010 drafted by means of the National Land Classification System of China based on Landsat TM satellite remote sensing image and the Tianjin Binhai New Area 1：50 000 relief maps. On this basis, the impact of such driving factors as the economy and population on LU/C is further analyzed. The results show that the area of the building land in Binhai New Area has increased significantly over the ten years, and the greenland, wetland, and shoals of high ecological value have been dramatically transformed into the building land and unused land for the development and construction, and the change is more significant in the later five years.

Study on the Spatial Pattern Changes of Land Use Based on Fractal Dimensions in Tianjin New Coastal Area

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the spatial pattern changes of land use in Tianjin new coastal area based on fractal dimensions.[Method] By dint of remote and geographic information system technology to obtain the data of urban land use in new coastal area from 1993 to 2008,the boundary dimension,radius dimension and information dimension of each land use type were calculated based on fractal dimension.In addition,the revealed land use spatial dimension changes characteristics were analyzed.[Result] The spatial distribution of each land use type in new costal area had distinct fractal characteristics.And,the amount and changes of three types of dimension values effectively revealed the changes of complicatedness,centeredness and evenness of spatial pattern of land use in the study area.The boundary dimension of unused land and salty earth increased incessantly,which suggested its increasing complicatedness.The boundary of the port and wharf and shoal land was getting simpler.The radius dimension of the cultivated land was larger than 2,which suggested that its area spread from center to the surroundings;the one in salty land and waters distributed evenly within different radius space to the center of the city;the one in other land use types reduced gradually from center to the surroundings.The information dimension value in the woodland and orchard land,unused land and shoal land was small,and was in obvious concentrated distribution;the spatial distribution of cultivated and salty land concentrated in the outside area;the construction area in the port and wharf spread gradually on the basis of original state;the spatial distribution of waters and residents and mines were even.[Conclusion] Applying fractal dimensions to the study of spatial pattern changes of urban land use can make up for some disadvantages in classical urban spatial pattern quantitative research,which has favorable practical value.

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS(Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geohazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the locationconditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.

Rethinking of Teaching Reform of Land Resource Management Discipline in Local Normal Colleges and Universities under the New Situation

The Agriculture and Forestry discipline in local normal colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating talents and higher education to serve the local"agriculture,rural areas and farmers".The Land Resource Management discipline is a science that studies the use,allocation,and management of land resources and assets,and has comprehensive and practical features.In the context of the proposal of the rural revitalization strategy and the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the State Council,the importance of cultivating land resource management talents who understands both land planning and urban planning is self-evident,and the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline is receiving much attention.Taking the Land Resource Management discipline of Jiangxi Normal University,a key normal university in Jiangxi Province as an example,combining the characteristics of the discipline setting and the development process,we analyzed the existing problems in its development,so as to provide recommendations for the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline in local normal colleges and universities.

Integrated Approach to the Vital Mechanism Theory and Ant Colony Algorithm for Optimized Land Use Allocation: A Case Study of the Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing

Optimal allocation of land use is essential to promote regional economic and social development.However,research on such allocations in development zones is limited.This paper proposes a new land use allocation method for development zones and tests its feasibility.Based on prior research,this study predicts the developmental stage of a development zone and sets the objective functions and constraint conditions accordingly.This paper then measures the conversion relationship between the land use types in an unit according to the land use suitability results and the vital mechanism theory and uses the ant colony algorithm to construct a land use optimization model on the basis of this conversion relatonship.The model is then applied successfully to a case study of the Liangjiang New Area,Chongqing,China.The results show that the vital mechanism theory better reflects the relationship between land use types.The economic benefits increase 3.5 times and compactness improves by 46.5%between the initial year(2009)and the optimized year(2020),after the proposed model is applied.

Study on the Evolution of River Networks during Urbanization since the Development and Opening of Pudong New Area, Shanghai

Pudong New Area of Shanghai, as areform and opening front of China, holds the balancein economic development of Yangtze Delta and evenof China. After a large-scale infrastructure andfunction development in the past decade, it hasbecome "the miniature of modernization constructionin Shanghai" and "the symbol of reform and openingin China". But, due to the rapid urbanization andassociated environmental issues, rivers in the studiedarea remain seriously polluted and are alsodiminishing. Consequently this damages the featuresof the water village and investment setting in thePudong New Area. On the basis of analyzing the aerophotographs (1989, 1994 and 1999) and land usedata by Remote Sensing and Geographic InformationSystem, this paper illustrated that: 1) The river densityof the studied area has declined by 1/3 from 1989to 1999; 2) Since the development and opening oPudong, the river system has experienced twodeclining phases: rapid declining (1989-1994) andslow declining (1994-1999); 3) The fast urbanizationof land-use is a primary threat to the river systemwhich is particularly prominent within the Inner BelWay and in the developed zone of Pudong area.

Reform of Rural Land System from the Perspective of New Urbanization

In view of artificially high urbanization rate of China and possible causes,survey and data analysis methods were used to discuss reform of household registration system,and path for promoting rural land system reform. Results show that it is required to eliminate bottlenecks of land system in the advance of new urbanization process. In line with land system bottlenecks of new urbanization,it is recommended to take following measures.( i) Promoting land right confirmation centered land system reform.( ii) Weakening rural land ownership and stressing land use right.( iii) Establishing urban and rural integrated land market and putting an end to low cost urbanization road.( iv) Realizing asset value of rural construction land and tackling the problem of insufficient construction land.( v) Reforming the land expropriation system and increasing the share of gain in land value to farmers.( vi) Implementing different land policies to promote coordinated development of regional social economy.( vii) Establishing land circulation access system to ensure unchanged land use purpose and high efficient use.

On Rural Medical Care and Health Undertaking Development during New Medical Reform

Based on in-depth survey of township hospitals in Lushan County of Henan Province, this paper studies the development situations of rural medical care and health undertaking in the course of new medical reform. Results show that both rural medical institution and public health undertaking have considerable development in this course. Working capital situation gradually turns better. However, there are still problems and challenge of shortage of high quality medical care personnel, lack of employment mechanism, poor medical environment, and imperfect bidding and purchasing system of medicines. To further develop rural medical situation, it should improve medical environment, speed up informationization construction, and give prominence to functional orientation.

Farmland Capitalization an Urgen issue in Institutional Reform

Developing modern agriculture is an important aspect of urban and rural integration. Chintz has adopted a new, highly compatible, multipronged approach. Judgingfrom current agricultural and rural policies, factors like capital, labor and land will continue to interact and revolve. The transformation of China＇s rural land tenure system is at a critical posifion in the overall strategy of developing tile rural economy. However, rural institutional reform will inevitably be constrained by the path and pattern China＇s industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization take. Creating a new pattern of urban and rural socioeconomic integration requires reform and improvement of rural grassroots governance structure. The interaction and reconsolidation of the factors have again become intertwined with the superstructure of rural society and will inevitably affect the direction and pace of rural grassroots governance structural reJbrm. Protecting the economic interests of farmers while respecting their democratic rights will always be at the heart of agricultural modernization.

基于Landsat影像的雄安新区2013−2021年土地利用变化检测和生态政策评估

利用2013−2021年共9期Landsat8影像,采用面向对象的监督分类方法,得到新区逐年土地利用与覆盖分类结果,进行LUCC分析及生态品质评价.结论:1)分类结果总体精度>86.8%,K为0.81~0.88,优于同期FROM-GLC及GLC_FCS全球分类产品;2)雄安新区设立至今耕地面积减少,不透水面和林地面积增长,蓝绿空间面积占比由12%增加至30%,雄安3县(雄县、容城县和安新县)建设严格遵循了新区《规划纲要》中植树造林、城市发展、湿地涵养3项不同的建设任务,各县主要土地利用覆盖变化分别为耕地向林地的转变、耕地与不透水面的相互转变以及耕地向水体和水生植被的转变;3)不透水面扩张与城市建设对生态品质的负面影响正逐步被森林覆盖率、蓝绿空间面积增加带来的正面影响所抵消.总体看,雄安新区土地利用/覆盖变化遵循新区规划要求,体现了经济社会发展和生态建设的成果.

Estimating the Efficiency of Summer Tomatoes Production: A Case Study in Borg El-Arab Area, Egypt

Tomatoes are one of the most popular and widely consumed vegetable crops worldwide. Egypt is characterized by its tomatoes production, whether for domestic use or export. Summer tomato farmers’ income has recently been reduced due to high production costs, particularly in new lands. As a result, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic efficiency of the elements used in summer tomato production in the Borg El-Arab area of Egypt as a new land. According to the findings, the summer tomato crop produced a reasonable profit for small-holding farmers in the study area. However, the elements are being used excessively in the production process, particularly seeds and fertilizers, resulting in increased production costs and failure to achieve economic efficiency of the elements used in the study area.

基于时序InSAR技术的滨海新区地面沉降监测

针对传统地面沉降测量方法在大范围测区内费时长、时效性差等缺点,本文利用2017—2021年覆盖天津市滨海新区Sentinel-1A影像数据,采用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(PS-InSAR)和短基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR)技术获取地面沉降数据,通过地表形变信息的时空分析确定各类因素对地面沉降的影响并交叉验证结果的可靠性。分析结果表明,天津市滨海新区的地面沉降受到降水、第四系地层厚度、地下水等因素影响。其中,天津市滨海新区在2017—2021年存在地面沉降现象,最大沉降速率为-130 mm/a,最大抬升速率为40 mm/a,最大累计沉降量为-411 mm。重点沉降区域主要分布在东北部的杨家泊镇与寨上街道交界地区以及西南部的中塘镇和北大港水库附近。

曹妃甸新区PS-InSAR技术沉降监测及分析

随着曹妃甸新城的快速发展,地面沉降现象越来越引人重视,为分析该区域的沉降特征与原因,利用2019年2月至2021年12月共35景Sentinel-1A影像,基于PS-InSAR技术,获取了曹妃甸新区的地表沉降信息,提取特征点累计沉降量并分析沉降区域时空变化特征。结果显示:研究区整体区域沉降,主要沉降区位于西南方向,形变速率集中在-32.30~-3.48 mm/a;形变最严重区域位于唐山湾生态城,最大沉降量超过170 mm,形变区域面积较大且未达到稳定状态,未来仍会继续下沉。监测区的沉降主要与地下水开采、建筑设施荷载及吹填土自身压缩固结有关。

基于一种土地利用变化新指标的土地利用变化影响因素分析——以大兴安岭林牧交错区为例

研究土地利用变化机制,是保障生态脆弱区生态环境良性发展的必然要求。基于土地利用信息图谱构建新指标——土地利用转换度,借助土地利用转移矩阵和土地利用转换度刻画1990—2021年研究区土地利用转移的宏观特征,构建渔网提取土地利用转换度,分析其空间自相关性,并用地理加权回归(GWR)分析研究区土地利用变化的影响因素,为林牧交错区社会经济发展服务。研究发现:(1)1990—2021年,研究区土地利用类型的宏观格局变化不大,林地和草地是该区域的主要用地类型,林地主要分布在东部和北部的山区,草地主要分布在西南部,耕地主要分布于山地和草原交接的地区及河谷地带。(2)1990—2021年林地呈现增加趋势,草地逐年减少,耕地和建设用地缓慢增加。(3)草地、耕地和林地是该地区土地利用变动的主要类型,以草地转出最多,主要转换为林地和耕地。(4)土地利用转换度有显著空间自相关,存在明显的高高聚集和低低聚集。转换频繁区呈倒“C”字形,分布在大兴安岭西部山区与草地过渡带,即海拔700~900 m的地带。(5)GWR分析发现坡度、气温变化、人均GDP变化是影响该区土地利用的主要因素,人均GDP增加会降低土地利用转换度,而其他因素增加会导致土地利用转换加速。(6)土地利用转换度是一种可靠的土地利用变化度量指标,能够将空间和时间融合反映土地利用状态的变化强度。

粮食主产区的新型城镇化与粮食安全——基于土地规模化经营中介效应检验

在新时代发展背景下,新型城镇化成为粮食主产区城乡二元结构变革和农业生产方式转型的关键。论文基于2007—2021年我国13个粮食主产区的省级面板数据,从产业链视角利用熵值法测度粮食安全水平,基于新型城镇化内涵构建包含人口、经济、社会、空间的多维度指标体系并测度新型城镇化水平,探究新型城镇化对粮食安全的影响,并以土地规模化经营为中介变量,分析新型城镇化及其各维度影响粮食安全的作用机制。结果表明:1)粮食主产区的新型城镇化对粮食安全有显著的促进作用,并且土地规模化经营在新型城镇化对粮食安全的作用过程中存在中介效应;2)分维度异质性分析表明,人口城镇化与空间城镇化对粮食安全产生显著的正向影响,且土地规模化经营在其中发挥部分或完全的中介效应。为此,提出积极推进新型城镇化、鼓励土地规模化经营并从人口、经济、社会、空间城镇化多个维度因地制宜调整粮食发展战略是粮食主产区发展的长远之策。

学习贯彻落实党的二十届三中全会精神笔谈

2024年7月15日至18日,中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议胜利召开。全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的决定》(以下简称《决定》)对新时代进一步全面深化改革开放、推进中国式现代化作出了全局性、系统性的部署。为学习贯彻落实全会精神,《安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版)》邀请中国人民大学孔祥智教授组织专家,围绕深化土地制度改革、巩固和完善农村基本经营制度、健全推进新型城镇化体制机制、完善强农惠农富农支持制度等议题进行深入学习和讨论,为进一步全面深化农业农村改革、推进中国式农业农村现代化提供学理性阐释和实践启示。

土地政策松绑与县域新型城镇化——来自农村宅基地改革的经验证据

以县域为重要载体的新型城镇化是实现中国式现代化的必由之路,但随着农村剩余劳动力的不断外流,土地粗放利用、宅基地闲置甚至抛荒问题日益凸显。宅基地改革是促进土地要素与新型城镇化协调发展的重要举措,基于宅基地改革试点政策,运用多期双重差分法构造准自然实验,检验农村宅基地改革能否促进县域新型城镇化。研究发现:农村宅基地改革可以显著提升县域新型城镇化水平。政策路径识别发现,农村宅基地改革从非农就业、产业结构升级和激发市场潜能三方面提升县域新型城镇化水平。异质性研究表明,行政区划上,农村宅基地制度改革对于县、县级市和市辖区的新型城镇化水平提升能力呈现递增趋势;地区差异上,农村宅基地制度改革的政策效应在东部、中部地区县域得到有效发挥,对西部地区县域新型城镇化水平提升效果有限。通过土地政策改革推进以县域为载体的新型城镇化提供了经验证据,同时也从经验上就如何稳慎推进农村宅基地改革试点提供政策启示。

川渝省际毗邻经济新区户籍制度改革的现实困境与优化路径——以川渝高竹新区为例

重庆市、四川省积极实施成渝地区双城经济圈建设国家战略,在两地交界地区携手共建川渝高竹新区,着力开展经济区与行政区适度分离改革,推进产城景乡深度融合的社会主义现代化国家级新区建设取得了明显成效。然而,囿于行政区划、经济基础、社会发展等因素,川渝高竹新区规划范围内的渝北区、邻水县两地的户籍人口在就业、教育、医疗、养老、住房等保障政策上差别较大。为提升川渝高竹新区吸引企业和人才的能力、增强户籍人口的获得感和幸福感,应遵循经济建设“政策就高不就低、成本就低不就高”的原则,坚持以行政区经济理论、府际关系理论、跨域治理理论为指导,推进户籍制度改革。

新型城镇化背景下农村土地管理制度优化

农村发展应新型城镇化要求需在相关体制上进行追本溯源的、创新性的改革,尤其是农村的土地管理制度,存在诸多与新型城镇化发展相矛盾的问题。如今,新型城镇化的任务推进能够为农村不断完成新农村建设作出指导。为此,基于新型城镇化背景,探讨了其对农村土地管理制度改革的需求,分析了农村土地管理与新型城镇化的适配度问题,指出了农村土地管理制度中的问题,并针对相关问题提出建设性的优化策略。