Implementation Application of Alternative Fuel for Land Transportation Sector in Indonesia Based on Other Countries Experience

The usage of alternative fuel as a substitute of oil fuel for transportation sector in developed countries has been commonly implemented in order to decrease crude oil consumption, where in a few years back, the crude oil price is constantly increasing. In addition, global warming issue becomes one of reasons that motivate many countries to switch for a cleaner energy usage. As a country that has a relatively big reserve of natural gas, its appropriate natural gas could minimize subsidized oil fuel and also financing country＇s burden if Indonesia is optimizing the usage of energy resources. This paper will discuss about the background of gas fuel usage for road transportation sector in Indonesia, review of alternative fuel usage, the gas fuel usage status in Indonesia and gas usage recommendation for land transportation sector in Indonesia based on other countries experiences.

Development history and accessibility evolution of land transportation network in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region over the past century

From the development of modern transportation to the current era of high-speed transportation networks, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region has always played a national leading role in land transportation development of China. In order to explore the long-term evolutionary characteristics of land transportation in the BTH region, this paper utilized a temporal scale of 100 years to systematically interpret the development process of the land transportation network. Taking 13 cities within the BTH region as research anchor cities, we took into account "leaping" mode of transportation in order to investigate the evolution of accessibility. Our research shows the following results:(1) The land transportation network in the BTH region has undergone five stages of development: the initial period of modernization(1881–1937); the period of stagnation of transportation development(1937–1949); the network expansion period(1949–1980); the period of trunk construction(1980–1995), and the period of high-speed transportation network development(1995–present). The network structure centered around Beijing has existed from the outset of modern transportation development.(2) The accessibility spatial pattern of land transportation in BTH region has evolved from expansion along traffic corridors to the formation of concentric circles. The stratified circular structure of transportation in anchor cities has gradually developed into a contiguous development pattern.(3) There are clear hierarchical differences in the transportation structures of anchor cities. Beijing has always been at the top of this hierarchy, while the hierarchical position of Zhangjiakou has fallen noticeably since 1949. The Beijing-Tianjin region was the first region to form a short-duration transportation circle structure, while the transportation advantages of the central part of Hebei Province, which is located in the center of the BTH transportation region, have yet to be realized.

An iterative approach to an integrated land use and transportation planning tool for small urban areas

There has been increasing interests in developing land use models for small urban areas for various planning applications such as air quality conformity analysis. The output of a land use model can serve as a major input to a transportation model; conversely, transportation model output can provide a critical input to a land use model. The connection between the two models can be achieved by an accessibility measure. This paper presents an iterative approach to solving a regression-based land use model and a transportation model with combined trip distribution- assignment. A case study using data from a small urban area is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed modeling framework. Tests show that the procedures can converge, and the modeling framework can be a valuable tool for planners and decision-makers in evaluating land use policies and transportation investment strategies.

ComplexTrans-Global Rail-Road Transportation System Economical and Clustered Individual and Individualised Public Transport also Prevents the Spread of Covid 19

Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions are being sought to transfer a large part of passengers and especially freight transport to(high-speed)rail,and efforts are moving towards electromobility,car-sharing,5G-connectivity,autonomous driving,MaaS(Mobility as a Service)-coordinated transport or hyperloop-type solutions.However,all these solutions have additional challenges and limitations.Solutions are not being searched where they really exist-in the mutual adaptation of road and rail vehicles and their deep cooperation.The ComplexTrans project shows that simply adapting the dimensions and functions of road and rail vehicles can eliminate(or at least significantly reduce)all the problems of existing land transport.The main features of the ComplexTrans system are sufficient parking spaces,reduction of urban and non-urban congestion,electric vehicles with unlimited range and cheaper than standard cars,cheaper and more accessible battery charging,“autonomous ride”,solving the overlap between passenger and freight rail transport and making it self-financing,transferring intercity freight transport to rail,replacing part of continental air transport and many others.The cost-effective and clustered individual transport and individualised public transport of the ComplexTrans system also bring very significant reductions in the risk of transmission of covid-19 and other contagious diseases during transport.

The Impacts of Urban Land Use on Urban Transport System in High-Densely Developed City-a Case Study of Guangzhou

Recently the study on the mutual relationship between urban transport and land use has been one of the hot subjects in the fields of ruban geography, urban transport planning and urban planning. This paper totes to carry out some methods, such as muhi.analysis statistics method, to specify the impacts of urban land use on urban transport system. Firstly, the choice of urban transport road network affected by the characters of urban land use layout is discussed Secondly, the promotion of urban public transportation affected by high-density concentrated land use pattern is demonstrated Thirdly, the impacts of urban city-size on transport system structure characters are expatiated Finally, the impacts of urban mater planning in Guangzhou on the layout of transport system are illustrated .

COVID-19 transmission and control in land public transport:A literature review

Land public transport is an important link within and between cities,and how to control the transmission of COVID-19 in land public transport is a critical issue in our daily lives.However,there are still many inconsistent opinions and views about the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in land public transport,which limits our ability to implement effective interventions.The purpose of this review is to overview the literature on transmission characteristics and routes of the epidemic in land public transport,as well as to investigate factors affecting its spread and provide feasible measures to mitigate the infection risk of passengers.We obtained 898 papers by searching the Web of Science,Pubmed,and WHO global COVID database by keywords,and finally selected 45 papers that can address the purpose of this review.Land public transport is a high outbreak area for COVID-19 due to characteristics like crowding,inadequate ventilation,long exposure time,and environmental closure.Different from surface touch transmission and drop spray transmission,aerosol inhalation transmission can occur not only in short distances but also in long distances.Insufficient ventilation is the most important factor influencing long-distance aerosol transmission.Other transmission factors(e.g.,interpersonal distance,relative orientation,and ambient conditions)should be noticed as well,which have been summarized in this paper.To address various influencing factors,it is essential to suggest practical and efficient preventive measures.Among these,increased ventilation,particularly the fresh air(i.e.,natural ventilation),has proven to effectively reduce indoor infection risk.Many preventive measures are also effective,such as enlarging social distance,avoiding face-to-face orientation,setting up physical partitions,disinfection,avoiding talking,and so on.As research on the epidemic has intensified,people have broken down many perceived barriers,but more comprehensive studies on monitoring systems and prevention measures in land public transport are still needed.

Analysis of ecological effects of comprehensive treatment in the Tarim River Basin using remote sensing data

Based on multi-type,multi-temporal remote sensing data,we have monitored recent changes in cultivated land use and vegetation,in sandy areas and salinized desertification in the Green Corridor zone of the main channel of the Tarim River Basin.The results of our investigation show that the ecological environment in the Green Corridor of the main channel of the Tarim River Basin has conspicuously improved from 2002 to 2004.These improvements show up largely in such aspects as an increase in the rate of vegetation cover,a reduction in desertification land areas and a weakening in the intensity of sandy and the salinized land.On the other hand,the cultivated area in the Tarim River Basin significantly increased from 2002 to 2004.The rate of growth in cultivated areas during this period was significantly higher than that from 1999 to 2002.The increase in the use of irrigation resulting from the substantial increase in cultivated areas has a long-term potential restraining effect on the restoration of ecological functions of the Tarim River.

The changing patterns of cropland conversion to built-up land in China from 1987 to 2010

Over the past few decades, built-up land in China has increasingly expanded with rapid urbanization, industrialization and rural settlements construction. The expansions encroached upon a large amount of cropland, placing great challenges on national food security. Although the impacts of urban expansion on cropland have been intensively illustrated, few attentions have been paid to differentiating the effects of growing urban areas, rural settlements, and industrial/transportation land. To fill this gap and offer comprehensive implications on framing policies for cropland protection, this study investigates and compares the spatio-temporal patterns of cropland conversion to urban areas, rural settlements, and industrial/transportation land from 1987 to 2010, based on land use maps interpreted from remote sensing imagery. Five indicators were developed to analyze the impacts of built-up land expansion on cropland in China. We find that 42,822 km2 of cropland were converted into built-up land in China, accounting for 43.8% of total cropland loss during 1987-2010. Urban growth showed a greater impact on cropland loss than the expansion of rural settlements and the expansion of industrial/transportation land after 2000. The contribution of rural settlement expansion decreased; however, rural settlement saw the highest percentage of traditional cropland loss which is generally in high quality. The contribution of industrial/transportation land expansion increased dramatically and was mainly distributed in major food production regions. These changes were closely related to the economic restructuring, urban-rural transformation and government policies in China. Future cropland conservation should focus on not only finding a reasonable urbanization mode, but also solving the ＂hollowing village＂ problem and balancing the industrial transformations.

An organizational model and border port hinterlands for the China-Europe Railway Express

Facilities connectivity is a priority area for implementing the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). The "China-Europe Railway Express"(CER Express) mode of transport organization links China with Europe by fast-track cargo rail. A major instance of facilities connectivity related to this project is an important practical and symbolic instance of BRI transport cooperation. The strategic significance of the CER Express and a number of operational issues are outlined, as are the implications of limited market potential for costs and competitiveness. A "hub-and-spoke" organizational model that can generate scale economies and reduce costs is proposed. To examine the establishment of an organizational model of this kind, the economic hinterlands of Alashankou, Erenhot, and Manzhouli are identified under high-, mediumand low-cost scenarios using an analytical methodology that determines distance and economic costs, and a number of transport hubs(that include Harbin, Zhengzhou, and Lanzhou) are identified. The results found that the cost of the routes from 314 Chinese cities to Moscow is the lowest via Manzhouli in the high-and medium-cost scenarios, but the routes change via Erenhot in the low-cost scenario. A number of policy recommendations should follow up.

RFID in the Air Industry and Land Transport

As the RFID business grows strongly from $2.8 billion in 2006 to $26 billion in 2016, transport will be taking its fair share. Indeed, RFID in civil air transport alone will rise from $42 million in 2006 to $667 million in 2016, a major component being baggage tagging systems and tags at $20 million in 2006 rising to $100 million in 2016. Here a seminal decision was the unanimous vote of IATA,

Urban growth models： progress and perspective

Urban growth models have been developed and extensively adopted to study urban expansion and its impact on the ambient environment. These models can be employed in urban policymaking or analyses of development scenarios. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of urban growth models, including the evolution of urban models and associated theories and the common framework of different models and their applications. Three typical classes of urban growth models, namely, the land use/transportation model, the cellular automata （CA） model and the agent-based model, were introduced. Their relationships were explained, considering their modelling mechanisms, data requirements and application scales. Based on the extensively utilized urban CA models, we proposed four perspectives for improvements, including the adjustment of the basic spatial unit, the incorporation of temporal contexts, public platforms to support model comparison, and scenario analyses. New opportunities （e.g., open social data and integrated assessment models） have emerged to assist model development and application.

Urban Transport and Sustainable Transport Strategies： A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan

The uncontrolled growth in urbanization and motorization generally contributes to an urban land use and transportation system that is socially, economically, and environmentally unsustainable. This paper uses Karachi as a case study, which is the largest urban and economic centre of Pakistan, passing through an uncontrolled phase of rapid urbanization and motorization. The paper first reviews research related to sustainable transportation systems to comprehend the concept of sustainable development and transportation. The paper then evaluates the existing transportation and infrastructure system, national transportation policies, and urban transportation projects to determine if the current paradigm is moving toward or away from sustainable transportation. Furthermore, the principles for sustainable urban transportation are developed to see what significance national transportation policies have given to urban transportation from a sustainable transportation point of view. Finally some strategies are suggested, adoption of which may lead to a sustainable urban development and transportation system in Karachi.