Precise Emission Reduction of Total Nitrogen for Jurisdictions in Laizhou Bay,China:A Simulation-Optimization Approach Linking Land-Sea Management

This study aims to provide a quantitative basis for the precision emission reduction of land-based total nitrogen(TN)pollutants in Laizhou Bay(LZB),China.The total maximum allocated load(TMAL)of TN pollutants within jurisdictions around LZB was calculated using the stepwise simulation-optimization model after the division of source units,simulation of the concentration response matrix,setting of the additional constraint conditions for stepwise source units,and calculation of TMAL.The load reduction allocation system for jurisdictions can be constructed on the basis of the TMAL and the load monitored or statistics.The index system for TN emission reduction included indices for two groups:a fixed index of marine emission reduction rate for jurisdictions,which was 11.93%on average;and threshold indices of pollution prevention rate at sources,the increment rate of pollution removal by municipal sewage treatment systems,and watershed retention of jurisdictions,which were 7.43%,1.58%,and 1.09%on average,respectively.Efficiency of pollutant reduction can be evaluated using a 3D hydrodynamic-water quality model.Simulation results showed that the precise reduction indicators achieved the seawater quality improvement target of LZB 5 years earlier than the equal proportion reduction indicators currently used in LZB Basin.

THERMAL INFLUENCES OF LAND-SEA CONTRAST AND TOPOGRAPHY ON SUMMER MONSOON IN 1998

In this work, the SCSMEX data are used to diagnose and compare the local land-sea thermal conditions, with the focus of discussion on possible influences of thermal forcing of the western Pacific and the Tibetan Plateau on the onset and development of summer monsoon in 1998. Results show a close relationship between the distribution of the heat sources and the land-sea contrast. Due to the blocking effect of terrain, main maximum zones of the heat sources in areas with more evident north-south land-sea contrast are more obviously southward located than those exclusively with oceans. The surface heating is characterized with apparent seasonal variation and difference between land and sea. The relationship between the western Pacific and the onset of summer monsoon is reflected in the variations of the sea surface temperature (SST) and the latent heat. The influence mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau during the summer monsoon is different: it is dominated by sensible heating during the South China Sea monsoon and by condensed latent heating during the Indian monsoon.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS OF THE IMPACTS OF LOCAL LAND-SEA THERMODYNAMIC CONTRASTS ON THE SCS SUMMER MONSOON ONSET

The important effects of local land-sea thermodynamic contrast between the South China Sea (SCS) and Indochina Peninsula on SCS summer monsoon onset are preliminarily studied by using two sets of SSTA tests and two ideal tests in s-p regional climate model. The result shows that warm SST in the SCS in winter and spring is favorable for the formation of monsoon circulation throughout all levels of the atmosphere over the sea, which hastens the onset of SCS summer monsoon. The effects of cold SST are generally the opposite. The local land-sea contrast in the SCS is one of the possible reasons for SCS summer monsoon onset. Superposed upon large-scale land-sea thermodynamic differences, it facilitates the formation of out-breaking onset characteristics of SCS summer monsoon in the SCS area.

Effects of Land-Sea Distribution, Topography and Diurnal Change on Summer Monsoon Modeling

The effects of the land-sea distribution, the topography and the diurnal change of the solar radiation on the summer monsoon modelings are studied by use of a coupled modeling system with a 5-layer primitive equation model of the atmosphere and a 2-layer soil or ocean thermodynamic model which are all solved in a zonal model domain between 60°S and 60°N. The results of numerical simulations show that the quasi-stationary patterns of the mean monsoon circulations are mainly affected by the land-sea distribution and the topography, the effect of the diurnal change is the secondary. However, the inclusion of the diurnal change into the model system may improve the intensity of the simulated monsoon circulation, it can influence the distributive pattern of precipitation to a larger extent,without the diurnal change precipitation in the interior of land would decrease and in the coastal regions it would increase.

Numerical Modelings of the Climatic Effects of the Land-Sea Distribution and Topography

The effects of the land-sea contrast and the topography on the climatic properties are simulated rn this paper by use of a p- a incorporated coordinate system mode! in a zonal domain.In this paper we firstly discuss the statistical features of the model and find that the capability of the model is stable,with the same land-sea distribution and topography seven monthly mean climate states are close to one another,their variance is even less than the initial one.Secondly,we focally discuss the effects of the land-sea contrast and the topography on the modeled climate fields.It is pointed out that the land-sea contrast and the topography influence the atmosphere mainly through the heating ef-fect and the former has larger influences on the simulated large scale climate fields than the latter.

Land-sea breeze circulation structure on the west coast of the Yellow Sea,China

Land-sea breeze(LSB)is an atmospheric mesoscale circulation that occurs in the vicinity of the coast and is caused by uneven heating resulting from the difference in specific heat capacity between the sea and land surfaces.The circulation structure of LSB was quantitatively investigated with a Doppler wind lidar Windcube100s on the west coast of the Yellow Sea for the first time.The time of observation was 31 August to 28 September 2018.It was found that the height of LSB development was 700 m to 1300 m.The duration of conversion of LSB was between 6 h and 8 h.The biggest average horizontal sea-breeze wind speed at 425 m was 5.6 m s^(-1),and at 375 m it was 4.5 m s^(-1).During the conversion process from sea breeze to land breeze,the maximum wind shear exponent was 2.84 at 1300 m altitude.During the conversion process from land breeze to sea breeze,the maximum wind shear exponent was 1.28 at 700 m altitude.The differences in wind shear exponents between sea-breeze and landbreeze systems were between 0.2 and 3.6 at the same altitude.The maximum value of the wind shear exponent can reflect the height of LSB development.

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT ON THE EFFECT OF URBANIZATION UPON SUMMER LAND-SEA BREEZES IN THE COASTLAND OF GUANGXI

The 2003-006 observations were utilized to analyze the surface characteristics of summer land-sea breezes along the coastland of Guangxi and the Weather Research and Forecast model was applied to simulate the breeze structure on August 1-2, 2006. Results show that 1） the intensity and distributions of the breezes reproduced from improved urban underlying surface were close to observations. In the daytime the coastwise urban band was a convergent belt of sea breeze, corresponding to the centers of torrential rains; in the nighttime hours the surface of the Gulf of Tonkin （the Vietnamese name） or the Northern Bay （the Chinese name） acted as a convergent zone of land breezes, likely to produce convective cloud cluster; 2） the experiment on urbanization showed the heat island effect enhancing （weakening） the sea （land） breeze development. Furthermore, the heat island effect mitigated the atmospheric cooling via radiation over the cities in the night, weakening sinking motion correspondingly, thereby suppressing the dominant factor responsible for the steady development of temperature inversion. As a result, the inversion vigor was reduced greatly, but nevertheless no strong effect of the decreased subsidence was found upon the inversion height.

黄河三角洲生物多样性调查评价信息平台构建与应用

黄河三角洲是我国最年轻、最完整的湿地生态系统,具有丰富的生物多样性资源。多年来,我国政府部门及科研院所在黄河三角洲及其近海开展了多次生物多样性调查,积累了大量陆海观测数据。然而,由于缺乏系统性整理和规范化数据库建设,限制了相关数据的深度挖掘和分析。因此,针对黄河三角洲陆海统筹背景下生物多样性保护和提升工作对数据资源及信息化建设的需求,本文通过搜集、整理、补充调查黄河三角洲生物多样性数据,构建了黄河三角洲陆海耦合生物多样性数据库体系,建立了包括陆海植物、动物、基础生境等多源异构的生物多样性调查数据库;以Java EE平台和Hadoop为基础框架,研发了数据库服务平台,实现了数据采集−审核−入库一体化管理、调查一张图、多样性评价、物种图谱等服务功能,为生物多样性调查评价提供了信息平台;同时将生物多样性与区域性海洋健康评价相结合,为陆海统筹区域生物多样性数据管理、评价提供了模式探索。信息平台建设实现了黄河三角洲生物多样性物种及其分布特征智能化管理,量化了生物多样性指数和生态环境质量,为黄河三角洲生物多样性保护提供基础数据和服务支撑。

An East Asian land-sea atmospheric heat source difference index and its relation to general circulation and summer rainfall over China

Using a monthly precipitation dataset of 160 stations over China and a daily and monthly National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis dataset from 1961 to 2006, we here define an East Asian land-sea atmospheric heat source difference index ILSQD and investigate its relationship to summer rainfall in China and East Asian general circulation. The results show that ILSQD more closely reflects the anomalous variations in summer monsoon phenomena; in the high-index (HI) cases, the strong low-level southerlies over East China and the strong high-level westerlies over middle latitudes indicate an active summer monsoon, and vice versa in the low-index (LI) cases. This index also reflects summer rainfall anomalies over East China; in the HI (LI) cases rainfall increases (decreases) over North China and at the same time decreases (increases) over the mid-lower Yangtze River valley and the southern Yangtze River. Hence, ILSQD can be utilized as a summer monsoon index. There is also remarkable correlation between ILSQD in March and the following summer rainfall over the mid-lower Yangtze River valley. Finally, the Community Atmospheric Model Version 3.1 (CAM3.1) of NCAR is used to run numerical experiments, which verify that the anomalous summer precipitation in simulations is similar to that of diagnosis analysis based on the anomalous summer atmospheric heating forcing. Similarly, the atmospheric heating rate in March can force summer rainfall anomalies in the simulations just as observed in the data.

INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF INDEX OF EAST ASIAN LAND-SEA THERMAL DIFFERENCE AND ITS RELATION TO MONSOON CIRCULATION AND RAINFALL OVER CHINA

This paper proposes an index of land-sea thermal difference(ILSTD)that describes its zonal and meridional strength responsible for East Asian monsoon circulation to study its relation to the East Asian monsoon circulation and the summer rainfall over China on an interannual basis.Results are as follows:(1)ILSTD can be used to measure the strength of East Asian summer monsoon in such a way that the strong(weak)ILSTD years are associated with strong(weak)summer monsoon circulation.(2)The index also reflects well summer rainfall anomaly over the eastern part of China. In the strong index years,rain belt is mainly located over the northern China,and serious drought emerges in the Jianghuai valleys and mid-lower reaches of the Changjiang River,along with increase of rainfall in North and South China,but in the weak years it is contrary.(3)Besides,the index has obvious QBO and quasi 4-year oscillations,but the periods and amplitudes have significant changes on an interdecadal basis.

Measuring the Land-Sea Coupling Coordination Degree of the Coastal Zone and Its Optimization Strategy:A Case Study of the Coastal Zone in Xiamen

Currently,China has entered the period of land-sea coordinated planning,yet there are few studies on the interaction between land use intensity and sea eco-security in coastal zones.Therefore,taking the coastal zone of Xiamen as an example,this paper develops a comprehensive system to evaluate the coupling degree between spatial utilization intensity and eco-security based on the coupling degree theory in physics.Then the paper quantitatively analyzes and identifies the coupling coordination degree of various shore sections into four categories:well-coordinated and highly-coupled,moderately-coordinated and moderately-coupled,moderately-coordinated and slightly-coupled,and primary-level coordinated and slightly-coupled.Finally,it puts forward spatial planning guidelines for the four types of shore sections on the basis of land-sea coordination.Specifically,reserved ecological section should follow the principle of giving priority to the marine ecosystem,and strictly protecting the ecosystem and controlling development;ecological promotion section should follow the principle of optimizing land development based on the sea resources,and reserving space for transformation;restricted development section should follow the principle of land-sea balance,and only allowing low-impact development activities to achieve synchronous land-sea development;development leverage section should follow the principle of optimizing marine development based on land resources,giving full play to the advantages of coastal resources and featured coastal space,and achieving spatial optimization in accordance with people-oriented principles and local conditions.This research intends to provide a scientific basis for coastal zone planning and decision-making and a paradigm guide for gulf cities to coordinate the marine ecosystem and land development.

Modulation of land-sea thermal contrast on the energy source and sink of tropical cyclone activity and its annual cycle

In general,the tropical cyclone(TC) activity is considered to be influenced by the heat content of underlying ocean,vertical shear of horizontal wind,vorticity in the low troposphere,moisture in the troposphere,and favorable condition for deep convection development.However,these factors by nature merely present the internal factors of either atmosphere or ocean which influence the TC activity.In fact,the energy budget of the Earth system and its variation,modulated by the land-sea thermal contrast,are the intrinsic reasons responsible for the variation of TC activity.Here we investigate the modulation of diabatic heating distribution associated with the land-sea thermal contrast on the distribution of TC activity energy source and sink as well as the seasonality.An accumulated energy increment index(AEI) is defined using the TC best track data,and the energy sources and sinks of TC activity are then diagnosed effectively and practically according to the distribution of AEI.Results show that the thermal contrast of land and ocean is the primary reason for asymmetric distribution of TC activity about the Equator as well as the zonally asymmetric distribution of TC activity.The energy sources of TC activity are dominated by condensation heating of deep convection or double-dominant heating,which includes the condensation heating and cooling of longwave radiation(LO),while the sink areas are dominated by LO.The large scale diabatic heating associated with land-sea thermal contrast results in more favorable conditions for TC activity over the west part of oceans than those over the east parts.Moreover,the intensity of interaction of different diabatic heating over the west and east parts of ocean is also affected by the zonal scale of the oceans,which induces the difference of TC activity over the western North Pacific(WNP) and North Atlantic(ATL).The favorable westerlies and anticyclonic vertical shear associated with the tropical zonally asymmetric diabatic heating also contribute to the most intense TC activity over the WNP.The variation of large scale diabatic heating modulates the annual cycle of TC energy sources and sinks.In particular,the annual cycle over the WNP is the most typical one among the three basins(the WNP,the south Indian Ocean,and western South Pacific) that are characterized by the meridional shift of the energy sources and sinks.However,sources over the eastern North Pacific tend to extend westward and withdraw eastward associated with the variation of LO,while over the ATL,sources always merge from small pieces into a big one as the different diabatic heating over its west and east parts interacts with each other.Over the boreal Indian Ocean,the subcontinental scale land-sea heating contrast modifies the large scale circulation,and consequently contributes to the bimodal annual cycle of TC activity.In summary,TC activities are closely related to the interaction among various components of the climate system more than the atmosphere and ocean.

THE EFFECT OF LAND-SEA CONTRAST ON INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE ASIAN MONSOON

Values of the net radiative heating(QRT)at the top of atmosphere(TOA)are derived from the satellite-observed outgoing long wave radiation(OLR)and the TOA short wave net irradiance (SHT)for the region of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas(40°S—40°N,0—180°E)and the period of months from January 1979 to December 1988.The anomalous QRT(QRTA)in relation to the interannual variability of Asian monsoon is discussed.QRTA for the earth-atmosphere system in the domain may be linked to the thermal contrasts between continents and oceans and between the plateau and surrounding free atmosphere.

西部陆海新通道背景下广西冷链物流发展策略研究

西部陆海新通道的建设有机连接了“一带”和“一路”,给通道沿线地区各行业发展带来重要机遇,广西是连接中国与东南亚地区国家的天然桥梁,作为农业大省,生鲜农产品产量较高,但因生鲜农产品易腐的特性,若没有适宜的仓储和运输环境,极易造成生鲜农产品的损耗。冷链物流则可有效降低生鲜农产品的损耗和腐烂,保障生鲜农产品品质和安全。然而广西现有的冷链物流发展较为滞后,一定程度上限制了广西生鲜农产品的销售和流通,制约了广西经济社会发展。因此,文章在西部陆海新通道背景下,研究广西冷链物流的发展现状,分析得出本区冷链物流发展中存在基础设施建设不足、信息化程度低、标准化程度低、人才缺乏等问题,从政府、企业等角度针对性地提出加强产销地冷链物流基础设施建设力度、提升冷链物流信息技术水平、提高冷链物流服务质量,培养冷链物流专业人才等发展策略,旨在进一步促进广西冷链物流行业高质量发展。

新亚欧陆海联运通道建设中跨区域协同发展对策研究

新亚欧陆海联运通道建设是推动区域经济一体化发展的重要战略,跨区域协同发展则是通道建设的方向和保障。近年来,通道建设取得了显著进展,但跨区域协同发展水平仍有较大提升空间,并亟待寻求解决方案,以促进江苏沿海地区独特区位优势更好地转化为开放发展优势,更好服务于我国新发展格局构建。在对现有文献进行综述基础上,本文对新亚欧陆海联运通道建设中跨区域合作现状及问题进行了分析。结果表明,新亚欧陆海联运通道建设中面临的主要问题是支撑不牢、流通不畅、能级不高和保障不足,需进一步健全基础设施、优化配套服务,优化运输物流、提升物流效率,构建全方位协同开放体系、推动区域经济一体化,加强政策支撑、完善统筹协调机制,以促进跨区域协同发展,进而推动新亚欧陆海联运通道建设。

平陆运河航道行洪模拟研究

平陆运河是西部陆海新通道的骨干工程,也是新中国成立以来建设的第一条连通江海的大运河,其航道行洪畅通意义重大。通过搭建概化平陆运河沿线涉河建筑物的二维水动力数学模型,模拟运河航道在行洪标准工况下的水流流态、水动力轴线情况。结果表明,平陆运河航道开挖疏浚建设后水流流态、水动力轴线更有利于航道洪水排泄和航道长期运行稳定。研究成果可为平陆运河规划管理提供参考。

Seasonal cycle of the zonal land-sea thermal contrast and East Asian subtropical monsoon circulation

Based on analysis of the climatic temperature latitudinal deviation on middle troposphere, its seasonal cycle suggests that due to the rapid warming from eastern China continent to the east of Tibetan Pla-teau and the heating of Tibetan Plateau in spring, seasonal transition of the thermal difference between East Asia continent and West Pacific first takes place in the subtropical region with greatest intensity. On the accompanying low troposphere, the prevailing wind turns from northerly in winter to southerly in summer with the convection precipitation occurring at the same time. This maybe indicates the onset of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon. Consequently, we advice that the seasonal cycle formed by the zonal thermal contrast between Asian continent and West Pacific may be an independent driving force of East Asian subtropical monsoon.

学习贯彻习近平总书记在新时代推动西部大开发座谈会和视察重庆的重要讲话重要指示精神

为了深入学习贯彻习近平总书记在新时代推动西部大开发座谈会和视察重庆的重要讲话重要指示精神,本刊组织专家围绕党的十八大以来习近平总书记对重庆所作重要讲话和系列重要指示批示精神,结合西南政法大学的实际展开笔谈。本笔谈旨在深入学习贯彻习近平总书记视察重庆重要讲话重要指示精神,围绕法治赋能助力高水平共建西部陆海新通道、党纪学习教育应把握的“五个辩证统一”原则、优化治理机制以提升超大城市社会治理水平、有效防范化解超大城市“新兴风险”等议题,提出了一系列切实可行的建议与措施,以期有益于坚持以国家战略需求为导向,积极融入服务大局,以铁的纪律护航党的事业稳健发展,推动超大城市治理体系与治理能力现代化进程,确保党的事业行稳致远。

新竞争优势导向下西部陆海新通道双向直接投资高质量发展的路径研究

双向直接投资对实现区域经济高质量发展和价值链攀升至关重要。随着共建“一带一路”倡议的提出和对外开放程度的加深,双向直接投资持续活跃,不仅为企业带来巨大的经济效益,同时能够在技术引进、效率提升等方面产生显著的溢出效应,有效赋能西部陆海新通道高质量建设。在高质量发展背景下,西部陆海新通道强调从经济、高效、便捷、绿色、安全五个方面进行高质量建设,在重新布局和整合国内外物流通道、新型基础设施赋能和贸易便利化等方面形成了新竞争优势。因此,围绕新竞争优势导向下西部陆海新通道双向直接投资高质量发展的内在机理、价值提升、短板分析以及实现路径的相关研究具有重要的理论与现实意义。文章基于2010—2021年中国东部、中部以及西部陆海新通道10省份的双向直接投资面板数据,从“数量”和“质量”两个维度研究西部陆海新通道双向直接投资高质量发展及其溢出效应。首先,通过分析国际贸易新竞争优势,识别西部陆海新通道双向直接投资提质增量的关键因素。然后,从通道物流效率、贸易便利化水平和新型基础设施建设三个方面分析双向投资高质量发展对西部陆海新通道新竞争优势的提升作用。其次,从“数量”和“质量”两个层面对双向直接投资的时空演进特征和区域差异进行深入分析,找出西部陆海新通道10省份双向直接投资短板。最后,根据研究结果为西部陆海新通道双向投资高质量发展提出针对性对策建议。研究表明,就目前西部陆海新通道10省份而言,双向直接投资在数量和质量方面都存在短板。与中国东部和中部省市相比,其数量短板主要体现在外商直接投资总量较少且增幅较小、对外直接投资增长速度慢且与东部地区差距较大;质量短板主要体现在外商直接投资环境负面效应突出、产业结构升级助力不明显、技术溢出效应不显著三方面以及对外直接投资水平偏低、政府支持和引导不足两方面。根据研究结论,建议依托贸易便利化、新型基础设施建设、发挥核心物流枢纽区位优势、培育企业对外直接投资核心竞争力、以规模效应带动要素资源高效聚集与流动实现西部陆海新通道双向直接投资提质增量。

向海图强:奋力谱写中国式现代化广西篇章的重要使命与历史责任

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记分别于2017年、2021年和2023年三次视察广西。2023年12月,习近平总书记视察广西时强调,广西要“解放思想、创新求变,向海图强、开放发展”。广西背靠大西南、毗邻粤港澳、面向东南亚,具有沿江、沿海、沿边与东盟“一湾相挽十一国,良性互动东中西”的独特区位优势。向海之路为奋力谱写中国式现代化广西篇章指明方向,向海发展是广西破茧成蝶的根本出路,向海经济是广西高质量发展的重要引擎,向海图强已成为广西新时代新征程的新起点。向海图强既是广西的机遇和优势,也是广西的责任和使命。伴随着系列相关政策文件、战略规划和行动计划的相继颁布实施,广西向海经济发展新格局初步形成。平陆运河建成通航后,将形成广西及西南地区通往东盟的运距最短、最经济、最便捷的运输通道。陆江湾海的联动将撬动区域经济版图,推动形成国内国际双循环战略链接的枢纽。2023年12月习近平主席应邀访问越南具有标志性意义,确立了构建具有战略意义的中越命运共同体,开启了中越两党两国关系发展的新阶段,谱写了新时代中越关系的新篇章,将更有利于广西的向海图强、开放发展。