Facing with increasing competition,many ports are taking innovative approaches to improve productivity and profits.Among a variety of methods,introducing external terminal operators(ETOs)while the port acts as a landl...Facing with increasing competition,many ports are taking innovative approaches to improve productivity and profits.Among a variety of methods,introducing external terminal operators(ETOs)while the port acts as a landlord to collect"rents"from those operators for conducting terminal activities inside the port is regarded as an effective way and is commonly observed in practices.This paper analyzes the decisions of two competing ports about whether to introduce their respective ETOs using a three-stage non-cooperative game model when there already exists a port’s self-operation terminal operator(STO).At the first stage,the two ports simultaneously decide whether to introduce an ETO.If a port decided to introduce an ETO,at the second stage,it will further decide the unit fee to charge from the ETO.At the third stage,the two ports and the introduced ETO(s)simultaneously decide their respective profit-maximizing output levels.The findings indicate the equilibrium is both ports will introduce their respective ETOs,but when the ports and ETOs are substitutable in the sense of having the same level of productivity,the equilibrium solution is only one port should introduce an ETO.And simulation results show that even if one of ETOs is inefficient this still hold true.展开更多
This paper investigates the socio-political and ideological aspects of the Peasant Uprising of 1952–1953,through a period where Kurdayet^ı(Kurdishness)was the dominating ideological force behind mobilising the Kurdis...This paper investigates the socio-political and ideological aspects of the Peasant Uprising of 1952–1953,through a period where Kurdayet^ı(Kurdishness)was the dominating ideological force behind mobilising the Kurdish people in conducting collective political action.While Komala,1 following its‘announcement of existence’in 1979,concentrated its class-based mobilisation in Iranian Kurdistan,the Kurdish peasants in the Mukryan region of Iranian Kurdistan had already in 1952–1953 initiated a classinspired struggle,aimed at challenging the centuries-old feudallandlord system in Kurdistan.Due to the way this uprising was established and conducted,it has been argued as being among the first collective class-inspired political rebellions in Iranian Kurdistan.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71571010,71471101,71771138Great Wall Scholar Training Program Beijing Municipality CIT&TCD20180305Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2015GZ008.
文摘Facing with increasing competition,many ports are taking innovative approaches to improve productivity and profits.Among a variety of methods,introducing external terminal operators(ETOs)while the port acts as a landlord to collect"rents"from those operators for conducting terminal activities inside the port is regarded as an effective way and is commonly observed in practices.This paper analyzes the decisions of two competing ports about whether to introduce their respective ETOs using a three-stage non-cooperative game model when there already exists a port’s self-operation terminal operator(STO).At the first stage,the two ports simultaneously decide whether to introduce an ETO.If a port decided to introduce an ETO,at the second stage,it will further decide the unit fee to charge from the ETO.At the third stage,the two ports and the introduced ETO(s)simultaneously decide their respective profit-maximizing output levels.The findings indicate the equilibrium is both ports will introduce their respective ETOs,but when the ports and ETOs are substitutable in the sense of having the same level of productivity,the equilibrium solution is only one port should introduce an ETO.And simulation results show that even if one of ETOs is inefficient this still hold true.
文摘This paper investigates the socio-political and ideological aspects of the Peasant Uprising of 1952–1953,through a period where Kurdayet^ı(Kurdishness)was the dominating ideological force behind mobilising the Kurdish people in conducting collective political action.While Komala,1 following its‘announcement of existence’in 1979,concentrated its class-based mobilisation in Iranian Kurdistan,the Kurdish peasants in the Mukryan region of Iranian Kurdistan had already in 1952–1953 initiated a classinspired struggle,aimed at challenging the centuries-old feudallandlord system in Kurdistan.Due to the way this uprising was established and conducted,it has been argued as being among the first collective class-inspired political rebellions in Iranian Kurdistan.
