A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data

Ratoon rice,which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop,plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural inputs.However,accurately identifying ratoon rice crops is challenging due to the similarity of its spectral features with other rice cropping systems(e.g.,double rice).Moreover,images with a high spatiotemporal resolution are essential since ratoon rice is generally cultivated in fragmented croplands within regions that frequently exhibit cloudy and rainy weather.In this study,taking Qichun County in Hubei Province,China as an example,we developed a new phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index(PRVI)for the purpose of ratoon rice mapping at a 30 m spatial resolution using a robust time series generated from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2(HLS)images.The PRVI that incorporated the red,near-infrared,and shortwave infrared 1 bands was developed based on the analysis of spectro-phenological separability and feature selection.Based on actual field samples,the performance of the PRVI for ratoon rice mapping was carefully evaluated by comparing it to several vegetation indices,including normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and land surface water index(LSWI).The results suggested that the PRVI could sufficiently capture the specific characteristics of ratoon rice,leading to a favorable separability between ratoon rice and other land cover types.Furthermore,the PRVI showed the best performance for identifying ratoon rice in the phenological phases characterized by grain filling and harvesting to tillering of the ratoon crop(GHS-TS2),indicating that only several images are required to obtain an accurate ratoon rice map.Finally,the PRVI performed better than NDVI,EVI,LSWI and their combination at the GHS-TS2 stages,with producer's accuracy and user's accuracy of 92.22 and 89.30%,respectively.These results demonstrate that the proposed PRVI based on HLS data can effectively identify ratoon rice in fragmented croplands at crucial phenological stages,which is promising for identifying the earliest timing of ratoon rice planting and can provide a fundamental dataset for crop management activities.

基于SPOT4和Landsat5 TM的不同影像融合方法质量对比研究

【目的】探究不同影像融合方法对SPOT4全色影像和Landsat5 TM多光谱影像融合效果的影响。【方法】采用13种不同的影像融合算法开展融合试验,并通过定性和定量分析的方式,对融合结果进行综合评价分析。【结果】结果表明,融合影像的信息熵相比原影像有所增强,RGB三通道的熵值分布更为均匀,主要集中在50~200之间。此外,不同地物类型对融合方法的效果产生了显著影响。对于水体和植被,Brovey、HSV、IHS和EF方法展现出了良好的光谱保真性和细节增强能力,因此更适用于目视解译。NND法在这些区域出现了轻微的光谱失真现象,导致其分类精度偏低。【结论】针对不同传感器的影像选择适当的融合方法,对于提高遥感影像的解译精度和应用价值具有重要意义。

基于Landsat TM/OLI影像的哈尔滨市植被覆盖度与景观格局动态变化分析

以哈尔滨市为研究对象,依据2004、2010、2015、2020年Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像,利用归一化植被指数和像元二分模型方法提取该区域的植被覆盖度,结合植被覆盖度转移矩阵,分析植被覆盖度的时空动态变化。根据植被覆盖度分级结果,利用Fragstats4.2软件计算斑块面积、斑块个数、蔓延度与香农多样性指数4个景观格局指数,研究哈尔滨市景观格局的时空演变特征。结果表明,哈尔滨市2004—2020年高植被覆盖度和中高植被覆盖度的区域面积累计和分别占总面积的77.81%、72.54%、73.01%、83.31%,整体处于上升趋势。2004—2020年高植被覆盖度区域的景观百分比占据主导地位,其次是中高植被覆盖度区域,且大部分植被覆盖度区域斑块数量先增加后减少。从景观层次上,斑块聚合度降低、多样性略增加。探究哈尔滨市植被覆盖度和景观格局的动态变化,对城市规划设计和景观格局优化具有一定的指导和参考意义。

Landsat 5 MSS和TM地表反射率和植被指数一致性分析与纠正

基于PROSAIL模型模拟数据,分析Landsat 5 MSS和TM地表反射率及4种植被指数(NDVI,EVI2,SAVI和OSAVI)的一致性并提出纠正方法,最后使用真实的MSS和TM数据进行验证。本文进一步讨论了大气因素对二者植被指数之间的一致性的影响。研究结果表明,对于地表反射率,线性回归模型和多元线性回归模型可以将基于模拟数据计算得到的Landsat MSS等效反射率数据较为理想地纠正至Landsat TM波段上,但对于真实MSS遥感数据,反射率纠正模型在MSS传感器的绿光、红光和近红外2波段上效果不明显;对于植被指数一致性和纠正问题,使用MSS红光波段和近红外1波段先计算植被指数再使用线性回归模型进行纠正不论在模拟数据还是真实数据上均取得了最好的效果;植被指数的一致性容易受大气参数中气溶胶光学厚度估算误差影响,而受到水汽柱浓度估算误差的影响较小。

基于Landsat TM/OLI的福建省木兰溪流域生态系统格局及其变化评估

基于1994—2020年间的6期Landsat TM/OLI影像,分析木兰溪流域生态系统格局及其变化情况.结果表明:木兰溪流域最主要的生态系统类型为森林、农田与城镇三类生态系统,共占木兰溪流域总面积的92.87%.其中,森林生态系统占54.64%,面积为929.39 km^(2).1994—2020年,各类生态系统间存在不同程度的相互转化,基本为净转出,其中草地、灌丛生态系统转出量较大(分别为58.35%、33.13%),仅有城镇生态系统为净转入(257.28%),增加面积214.34 km^(2),主要来自农田、森林和草地生态系统.总体而言,1994—2020年木兰溪流域生态系统格局基本保持稳定,城镇生态系统的大量增加与灌丛、草地生态系统的减少,反映了木兰溪流域生态环境与城市化、经济社会发展之间的紧密联系,更加强调了在保护生态环境的前提下实现可持续发展的重要性.

Wetland vegetation biomass estimation and mapping from Landsat ETM data: a case study of Poyang Lake

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. This paper conducted a digital and rapid investigation of the lake’s wetland vegetation biomass using Landsat ETM data acquired on April 16, 2000. First, utilizing the false color composite derived from the ETM data as one of the main references, the authors designed a reasonable sampling route for field measurement of the biomass, and carried it out on April 18–28, 2000. Then after both the sampling data and the ETM data were geometrically corrected to an equal-area projection of Albers, linear relationships among the sampling data and some transformed data derived from the ETM data and the ETM 4 were calculated. The results show that the sampling data is best relative to the band 4 data with a high correlation coefficient of 0.86, followed by the DVI and NDVI data with 0.83 and 0.80 respectively. Therefore, a linear regression model, which was based on the field data and band 4 data, was used to estimate the total biomass of entire Poyang Lake, and then the map of the biomass distribution was compiled.

Analysis of forest cover change at Khadimnagar National Park, Sylhet,Bangladesh, using Landsat TM and GIS data

We mapped the forest cover of Khadimnagar National Park （KNP） of Sylhet Forest Division and estimated forest change over a period of 22 years （1988-2010） using Landsat TM images and other GIS data. Supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） image classification approaches were applied to the images to produce three cover classes, viz. dense forest, medium dense forest, and bare land. The change map was produced by differencing classified imageries of 1988 and 2010 as before image and after image, respectively, in ERDAS IMAGINE. Error matrix and kappa statistics were used to assess the accuracy of the produced maps. Overall map accuracies resulting from supervised classification of 1988 and 2010 imageries were 84.6% （Kappa 0.75） and 87.5% （Kappa 0.80）, respec- tively. Forest cover statistics resulting from supervised classification showed that dense forest and bare land declined from 526 ha （67%） to 417 ha （59%） and 105 ha （13%） to 8 ha （1%）, respectively, whereas medium dense forest increased from 155 ha （20%） to 317 ha （40%）. Forest cover change statistics derived from NDVI classification showed that dense forest declined from 525 ha （67%） to 421 ha （54%） while medium dense forest increased from 253 ha （32%） to 356 ha （45%）. Both supervised and NDVI classification approaches showed similar trends of forest change, i.e. decrease of dense forest and increase of medium dense forest, which indicates dense forest has been converted to medium dense forest. Area of bare land was unchanged. Illicit felling, encroachment, and settlement near forests caused the dense forest decline while short and long rotation plantations raised in various years caused the increase in area of medium dense forest. Protective measures should be undertaken to check further degradation of forest at KNP.

On Urban Heat Island of Beijng Based on Landsat TM Data

Land surface temperature (LST) of Beijing area was retrieved from Landsat TM thermal band data utilizing a radiative transfer equation and the urban heat island (HUI) effects of Beijing and its relationship with land cover and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were discussed. The result of LST showed that the urban LST was evidently higher than the suburban one. The average urban LST was found to 4.5 ℃ and 9 ℃ higher than the suburban and outer suburban temperature, respectively, which demonstrated the prominent UHI effects in Beijing. Prominent negative correlation between LST and NDVI was found in the urban area, which suggested the low percent vegetation cover in the urban area was the main cause of the urban heat island.

PALSAR-FBS L-HH Mode and Landsat-TM Data Fusion for Geological Mapping

Characterized by lithological diversity and rich mineral resources, Benshangul-Gumuz National Regional State located in Asosa Zones, Western Ethiopia has been investigated for geological mapping and morpho-structural lineaments extraction using PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar ) Fine Beam Single (FBS) L-HH polarization and Landsat-5 TM (Thematic Mapper ) datasets. These data were preprocessed to retrieve ground surface reflectance and backscatter coefficients. To overcome the geometry acquisition between the two sensors, they were geometrically and topographically rectified using ASTER-V2 DEM. Intensity-Hue-Saturation, directional filters and automatic lineaments extraction were applied on the datasets for lithological units’ discrimination and structural delimitation for potential mineral exploration. The obtained results showed good relationship among the topographic morphology, rock-substrate, structural variations properties, and drainage network. The spectral variations were easily associated with lithological units. Likewise, the morpho-structural information highlighted in the PALSAR image was visible without altering the radiometric integrity of the details in TM bands through the fusion process. Moreover, predominant lineaments directions trending NE-SW, NS, and NW-SE were identified. Results of this study highlighted the importance of the PALSAR FBS L-HH mode and TM data fusion to enhance geological features and lithological units for mineral exploration particularly in tropical zones.

基于Landsat数据的重庆市热环境时空格局变化研究

针对当前热环境加剧对城市生态环境和人类健康带来的严重威胁,采用辐射传输方程法和Landsat数据对2001年和2019年重庆市主城九区地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)进行反演,对研究区城市热环境时空变化进行研究。基于此选取景观指数和驱动因子对热力景观格局变化和热环境驱动机制进行研究。结果表明:①2001—2019年,重庆市主城九区城市热环境明显增强,高温区域明显增多且整体向北扩张,到2019年LST总体呈现“内高外低”的分布格局。②中温区最大斑块指数增长了近12倍,代替次低温区成为研究区优势斑块类型。斑块数量和密度均下降了约62%,说明重庆市主城区的热力景观总体上呈聚集化,连通性较强。③NDVI和DEM与LST呈负相关,NDBI与LST呈正相关,影响程度为NDBI>NDVI>DEM。

Improved Geological Interpretation Using Landsat TM Data in Lancang-Jinghong Area, Yunnan Province, China

Landsat TM digital spectral data of Lancang Jinghong area (Yunnan P ro vince) has been used for the purpose of geological interpretation. To meet this object, different image processing techniques including selected band color comp osites, principal component analysis and IHS decorrelation stretching are used t o improve the discrimination of different lithological and structural features i n the area.It was found that IHS decorrelation stretching images obtained from t he transformation of false color composite 741 (in red, green and blue) prov ided the best results based on the original data.By combining the characteristic s of images produced by different approaches and other canonically transformed i mages with available geological data and surface observations, the geological in terpretation could be done with satisfactory degree of accuracy.

基于Landsat影像的九江市大型湖泊面积变化动态分析

城市发展、水资源浪费以及湖泊无止境污染,导致大量湖泊出现萎缩,甚至消失,因此对湖泊进行长时序列的动态监测十分必要。利用Landsat系列、气象、水文、人口等数据,以EWI指数为水体提取手段对九江市内湖泊进行大范围长时序监测,分析其湖泊水域面积变化特征,利用SPSS软件分析驱动湖泊面积变化的主要因素。研究表明,1973—2021年庐山西海水域面积整体处于增长态势,影响庐山西海面积变化的主要因素是人类社会经济因素。赤湖以2011年为分界点,湖泊面积变化呈现先缩减后扩张的势态,影响赤湖面积变化的主要因素是长江径流量,其Pearson相关系数达0.815。1988—2021年赛城湖与八里湖处于缓慢衰退的态势,影响其面积变化的主要因素是常住人口与施工面积等。1995—2021年东津水库水域面积稳定,影响东津水库面积变化的主要因素是径流量,其Pearson相关系数达-0.725。

Assessment and Evaluation of Band Ratios, Brovey and HSV Techniques for Lithologic Discrimination and Mapping Using Landsat ETM⁺and SPOT-5 Data

This study aims to assess and to evaluate band ratios, brovey and HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value) techniques for discrimination and mapping the basement rock units exposed at Wadi Bulghah area, Saudi Arabia using multispectral Landsat ETM+ and SPOT-5 panchromatic data.?FieldSpec instrument is utilized to collect the spectral data of diorite, marble, gossan and volcanics, the main rock units exposed at the study area. Spectral profile of diorite exhibits very distinguished absorption features around 2.20 μm and 2.35 μm wavelength regions. These absorption features lead to lowering the band ratio values within the band-7 wavelength region. Diorite intrusions appear to have grey and dark grey image signatures on 7/3 and 7/2 band ratio images respectively. On the false color composite ratio image (7/3:R;7/2:G and 5/2:B), diorite, marble, gossan and volcanics have very dark brown, dark blue, white and yellowish brown image signatures respectively. Image fusion between previously mentioned FCC ratio image and high spatial resolution (5 meters) SPOT-5 panchromatic image is carried out by using brovey and HSV transformation methods. Visual and statistical assessment methods prove that HSV fused image yields best image interpretability results rather than brovey image. It improves the spatial resolution of the original FCC ratios image with acceptable spectral preservation.

基于Landsat数据的地表温度反演差异及参数分析

只有基于准确的地表温度反演算法计算出的产品数据,才能正确推广使用。研究基于Landsat-8、Landsat-9和气象站数据,对比了5种常用地表温度反演算法的结果,并对不同算法的反演结果和参数灵敏度进行了测试。结果表明:基于地表比辐射率参数计算的辐射传输方程和单通道算法反演结果与地面实测数据吻合较好。基于大气水汽参数计算的单窗算法和劈窗算法的反演结果均高于实测温度。基于平均温度参数计算的单窗算法反演精度误差较大。此外,比较了两种遥感数据在不同地物上反演温度的一致性。研究结果可为地表温度反演和产品选择提供参考。

基于Landsat 8数据的广东石马河流域水质参数反演研究

针对河流水域水质进行高效快速监测的需要,本文以2021年2月广东石马河流域水体为研究对象,利用Landsat 8的OLI遥感影像对试验区域的环城河化学需氧量进行遥感反演研究。本文首先对实测水质数据和相应卫星影像数据波段值进行相关性分析,然后选取相关性最高的遥感波段值对水质进行回归分析,最后建立了适用于石马河流域的三次多项式反演模型。经反演预测结果与现场实测水质数据对比,试验结果表明所建立的水质反演模型能对石马河流域水质化学需氧量浓度进行高效快速监测。

Alteration Information Extraction by Applying Synthesis Processing Techniques to Landsat ETM+Data: Case Study of Zhaoyuan Gold Mines, Shandong Province, China

Satellite remote sensing data are usually used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of geological structures and generally serve as a significant means for the identification of alteration zones. Based on the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper （ETM＋） data, which have better spectral resolution （8 bands） and spatial resolution （15 m in PAN band）, the synthesis processing techniques were presented to fulfill alteration information extraction： data preparation, vegetation indices and band ratios, and expert classifier-based classification. These techniques have been implemented in the MapGIS-RSP software （version 1.0）, developed by the Wuhan Zondy Cyber Technology Co., Ltd, China. In the study area application of extracting alteration information in the Zhaoyuan （招远） gold mines, Shandong （山东） Province, China, several hydorthermally altered zones （included two new sites） were found after satellite imagery interpretation coupled with field surveys. It is concluded that these synthesis processing techniques are useful approaches and are applicable to a wide range of gold-mineralized alteration information extraction.

基于Landsat 8遥感数据的森林火灾过火面积估算——以贵州毕节市赫章县“3·18”火灾为例

以贵州省毕节市赫章县2021年3月18日较大森林火灾为例,利用火灾前后Landsat 8遥感数据及ENVI遥感数据处理分析软件,通过图像预处理、计算归一化植被指数和燃烧面积指数等方法,提取森林火灾过火区域,计算过火面积。结果表明,利用Landsat 8数据能够较好地提取森林火灾过火区域,过火面积估算准确率达96.2%。

基于Landsat TM数据估算雷竹林地上生物量

结合Landsat TM遥感数据和雷竹林样地调查数据,采用偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立雷竹林地上生物量估算模型,利用该模型估算临安市雷竹林地上部分生物量。结果表明:雷竹单株地上部分生物量与胸径及雷竹林地上部分生物量与株数之间都呈极显著相关(P<0.01);通过PLS-Bootstrap法筛选自变量能够提高模型精度;模型预测的雷竹林地上生物量均方根误差为3.45t·hm-2,满足大范围估算的精度要求;临安市雷竹林地上生物量为13～25t·hm-2,均值为19.52t·hm-2。

Landsat TM遥感影像中厚云和阴影去除

提出了一种新的利用多时相LandsatTM影像数据进行的厚云及其阴影去除的方法。该方法通过分析厚云及其阴影的光谱特征,设计了厚云和云阴影识别模型。该算法的实现是采用图像配准技术、非监督分类、像元替换等运算,计算出厚云和云阴影区域的TM影像替换数据,进而得到消除或者减少云影响的TM遥感影像。试验结果表明本文提出的厚云及其阴影去除方法效果很好,能消除或者弱化云对TM影像数据的影响。