Reliable data of antibiotic use and environmental discharge as veterinary medicine are essential to help countries raise awareness of the appropriate use, control, and correct water release. The first approach is to c...Reliable data of antibiotic use and environmental discharge as veterinary medicine are essential to help countries raise awareness of the appropriate use, control, and correct water release. The first approach is to change the regulatory framework based on consuming information, use policy, and discharge laws. The important research contribution is a novel water treatment process to treat, remove, and reduce antibiotic concentration in discharged water, mainly those used in the animal protein industry. The low particle biochar added during the titanium isopropoxide hydrolysis reduces the titanium dioxide (TiO<sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span>) agglomerates and promotes the adsorption surface process. Such improved catalyst material enhances the solar decomposition efficiency to 93% from original oxytetracycline with better correspondence with the Elovich kinetics, intraparticle diffusion, R-P isotherm, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.</span>展开更多
In this study,Mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that Mn_(3)O...In this study,Mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that Mn_(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional groups.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,homogeneous surface composed of strongly agglomerated spherical grains with an estimated average particle size of∼35 nm,which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m^(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis indicated that Mn_(3)O_(4) was composed of metallic cations(Mn^(4+),Mn^(3)+,and Mn^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)^(2−)).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 eV.Assessment of the catalytic performance of the Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H_(2)O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 72000 mL^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed performance can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the smallest spherical grain size with a mesoporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated species.The cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH_(4) over the mesoporous Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs might take place via a two-term process in which both the Langmuir−Hinshelwood and Mars−van Krevelen mechanisms are cooperatively involved.展开更多
文摘Reliable data of antibiotic use and environmental discharge as veterinary medicine are essential to help countries raise awareness of the appropriate use, control, and correct water release. The first approach is to change the regulatory framework based on consuming information, use policy, and discharge laws. The important research contribution is a novel water treatment process to treat, remove, and reduce antibiotic concentration in discharged water, mainly those used in the animal protein industry. The low particle biochar added during the titanium isopropoxide hydrolysis reduces the titanium dioxide (TiO<sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span>) agglomerates and promotes the adsorption surface process. Such improved catalyst material enhances the solar decomposition efficiency to 93% from original oxytetracycline with better correspondence with the Elovich kinetics, intraparticle diffusion, R-P isotherm, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.</span>
基金S.K.acknowledges computing time granted by the Center for Computational Sciences and Simulation(CCSS)the Universität DuisburgEssen and provided on the supercomputer magnitude(DFG grants INST 20876/209-1 FUGG,INST 20876/243-1 FUGG)the Zentrum für Informations-und Mediendienste(ZIM).S.K.gratefully acknowledges the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)for funding 388390466-TRR 247.
文摘In this study,Mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that Mn_(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional groups.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,homogeneous surface composed of strongly agglomerated spherical grains with an estimated average particle size of∼35 nm,which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m^(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis indicated that Mn_(3)O_(4) was composed of metallic cations(Mn^(4+),Mn^(3)+,and Mn^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)^(2−)).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 eV.Assessment of the catalytic performance of the Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H_(2)O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 72000 mL^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed performance can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the smallest spherical grain size with a mesoporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated species.The cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH_(4) over the mesoporous Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs might take place via a two-term process in which both the Langmuir−Hinshelwood and Mars−van Krevelen mechanisms are cooperatively involved.
