Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In...Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon plasma.The triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.展开更多
The Stokes production coefficient(E_(6))constitutes a critical parameter within the Mellor-Yamada type(MY-type)Langmuir turbulence(LT)parameterization schemes,significantly affecting the simulation of turbulent kineti...The Stokes production coefficient(E_(6))constitutes a critical parameter within the Mellor-Yamada type(MY-type)Langmuir turbulence(LT)parameterization schemes,significantly affecting the simulation of turbulent kinetic energy,turbulent length scale,and vertical diffusivity coefficient for turbulent kinetic energy in the upper ocean.However,the accurate determination of its value remains a pressing scientific challenge.This study adopted an innovative approach by leveraging deep learning technology to address this challenge of inferring the E_(6).Through the integration of the information of the turbulent length scale equation into a physical-informed neural network(PINN),we achieved an accurate and physically meaningful inference of E_(6).Multiple cases were examined to assess the feasibility of PINN in this task,revealing that under optimal settings,the average mean squared error of the E_(6) inference was only 0.01,attesting to the effectiveness of PINN.The optimal hyperparameter combination was identified using the Tanh activation function,along with a spatiotemporal sampling interval of 1 s and 0.1 m.This resulted in a substantial reduction in the average bias of the E_(6) inference,ranging from O(10^(1))to O(10^(2))times compared with other combinations.This study underscores the potential application of PINN in intricate marine environments,offering a novel and efficient method for optimizing MY-type LT parameterization schemes.展开更多
用微相吸附-光谱修正（MPASC）新技术研究核酸与多色蓝（PCB）探针分子间的相互作用,分析核酸分子内双静电膜的形成与 Langmuir吸附的关联性.通过pH 7.24的介质核酸-PCB反应的光谱研究,测定了结合产物的物理化学参数:结合比IPCB:2DNA-PC...用微相吸附-光谱修正（MPASC）新技术研究核酸与多色蓝（PCB）探针分子间的相互作用,分析核酸分子内双静电膜的形成与 Langmuir吸附的关联性.通过pH 7.24的介质核酸-PCB反应的光谱研究,测定了结合产物的物理化学参数:结合比IPCB:2DNA-PCB、IPCB:3RNA-PCB,平衡常数KDNA-PCB=5.42 X 104,KRNA-PCB=2.82 x 104,摩尔吸收系数ε（DNA-PCB,625nm）=5.65x103（mol-1·L）·cm-1,ε（RNA-PCB,625nm）=3.85x103（mol-1·L）·cm-1结果表明,RNA分子仅形成约60％双螺旋结构链,核酸双螺旋每一周期的负静电沟最大聚集10个PCB分子.该吸附反应用于核酸样品测定,结果良好.展开更多
基金supported by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Department of Atomic Energy, Government of IndiaDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of India for financial assistance under DAE Doctoral Fellowship Scheme-2018。
文摘Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon plasma.The triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2022YFC3105002the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42176020the project from the Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,under contract No.2023GFW-1047.
文摘The Stokes production coefficient(E_(6))constitutes a critical parameter within the Mellor-Yamada type(MY-type)Langmuir turbulence(LT)parameterization schemes,significantly affecting the simulation of turbulent kinetic energy,turbulent length scale,and vertical diffusivity coefficient for turbulent kinetic energy in the upper ocean.However,the accurate determination of its value remains a pressing scientific challenge.This study adopted an innovative approach by leveraging deep learning technology to address this challenge of inferring the E_(6).Through the integration of the information of the turbulent length scale equation into a physical-informed neural network(PINN),we achieved an accurate and physically meaningful inference of E_(6).Multiple cases were examined to assess the feasibility of PINN in this task,revealing that under optimal settings,the average mean squared error of the E_(6) inference was only 0.01,attesting to the effectiveness of PINN.The optimal hyperparameter combination was identified using the Tanh activation function,along with a spatiotemporal sampling interval of 1 s and 0.1 m.This resulted in a substantial reduction in the average bias of the E_(6) inference,ranging from O(10^(1))to O(10^(2))times compared with other combinations.This study underscores the potential application of PINN in intricate marine environments,offering a novel and efficient method for optimizing MY-type LT parameterization schemes.
文摘用微相吸附-光谱修正（MPASC）新技术研究核酸与多色蓝（PCB）探针分子间的相互作用,分析核酸分子内双静电膜的形成与 Langmuir吸附的关联性.通过pH 7.24的介质核酸-PCB反应的光谱研究,测定了结合产物的物理化学参数:结合比IPCB:2DNA-PCB、IPCB:3RNA-PCB,平衡常数KDNA-PCB=5.42 X 104,KRNA-PCB=2.82 x 104,摩尔吸收系数ε（DNA-PCB,625nm）=5.65x103（mol-1·L）·cm-1,ε（RNA-PCB,625nm）=3.85x103（mol-1·L）·cm-1结果表明,RNA分子仅形成约60％双螺旋结构链,核酸双螺旋每一周期的负静电沟最大聚集10个PCB分子.该吸附反应用于核酸样品测定,结果良好.
