入侵植物马缨丹(Lantana camara)入侵状况及入侵机理研究概况与展望

随着国际贸易和旅游业的快速发展,生物入侵不断加剧.入侵途径多种多样,有的是有意引入,有的是偶然引入,但大多数与人类活动有关.原产美洲热带地区的马缨丹(Lantana ca-maraL.),就是作为观赏植物人为引进后逸为野生,进而泛滥成灾的外来杂草.在较系统介绍了马缨丹的形态特征、全球入侵状况及危害的基础上,进一步从其入侵力(适应力、繁殖力极强,竞争力强,易形成优势种群、多种生物型)、生境的可入侵性(气候特征、空生态位的存在、天敌的缺乏)以及人类活动和干扰的影响等3方面分析了其入侵成功的原因,还对马缨丹入侵机理的进一步研究提出了展望.

入侵植物马缨丹(Lantana camara)及其伴生种的光合特性

马缨丹(Lantana camara L.)是粤东地区的入侵植物之一。采用LI-6400光合作用仪对马缨丹及其常见主要伴生种鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)、肖梵天花(Urena lobata L.)、土牛膝(Achyranthes aspera L.)在不同有效光合辐射(PAR)和不同CO2浓度下的光合生理指标进行测定,结果表明:(1)马缨丹的光饱和点(LSP)与光补偿点(LCP)分别为1225、13.58μmo.lm-.2s-1,均低于伴生种,且和伴生种差异达到显著水平,光饱和点时的最大净光合速率(Pmax)为13.89μmol.m-2.s-1,表观量子效率(AQY)为0.0503μmol.m-.2s-1,与土牛膝相当,而显著高于肖梵天花;(2)马缨丹的CO2饱和点(CSP)与CO2补偿点(CCP)分别为1350、61.78μmol.mol-1,CO2饱和点时马缨丹的最大净光合速率(Pmax)为20.08μmo.lmol-1,显著高于土牛膝,马缨丹的表观羧化效率(CE)与鬼针草相当,为0.0424μmo.lmol-1;(3)有效光合辐射与CO2浓度的增加,对马缨丹气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)影响不明显,但大大提高了其水分利用率(WUE),提示马缨丹对于环境中光强和CO2的变化具有良好的适应能力。这些信息对马缨丹生理生态学特性的认识是一个补充,并能为马缨丹入侵机制的研究提供一些有价值的参考。

马缨丹Lantana camara L.对豌豆Pisumsativum L.的化感作用

用不同体积分数的马缨丹Lantana camara L.水提取液在室内处理豌豆Pisum sativum L.种子和幼苗,以探讨前者对后者的化感作用.结果表明:马缨丹降低了豌豆种子活力,诱导根尖细胞产生较多的微核,破坏幼苗细胞膜的完整性.在其化感作用下,豌豆幼苗产生较多的丙二醛(MDA),同时提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性.显然,马缨丹对豌豆产生强烈的化感作用.

In vivo toxicity study of Lantana camara

Objective:To investigate the toxicity of methanol extract of various parts(Root,Stem,Leaf, Flower and Fruit) of Lantana camara(L.Camara) in Artemia salina.Methods:The methanol extracts of L.camara were tested for in vivo brine shrimp lethality assay.Results:All the tested extract exhibited very low toxicity on brine shrimp larva.The results showed that the root extract was the most toxic part of L.camara and may have potential as anticancer agent.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of L.camara is relatively safe on short-term exposure.

Anxiolytic potential of ursolic acid derivative-a stearoyl glucoside isolated from Lantana camara L.(verbanaceae)

Objective:To investigate the anxiolytic activity of newly isolated compound by our lab called ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside(UASG) from the leaves of Lantana camam(L camam).Methods: Column chromatography was used to isolate UASG.Anxiolytic potential was experimentally proved and demonstrated through Elevated plus-maze,Open field and light and dark test. Results:The UASG showed marked increased in time spent(%) and number of frequent movements made by animals in open arm of elevated plus-maze apparatus.In light and dark model,UASG produced marked increase in time spent by animal,number of crossing and reduced duration of immobility in light box.Conclusions:UASG showed significant increase in number of rearing,assisted rearing and number of square crossed in open field established test model.UASG showed its anxiolytic effect in dose dependent manner.

Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of different parts of Lantana camara

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Lantana camara(L.camara)various parts and the determination of their total phenolics content.Methods:The extract was screened for possible antioxidant activities by free radicaI scavenging activity(DPPH),xanthine oxidase inhibition activity and Griess—llosvay method。Results:The results showed that all the plant parts possessed antioxidant properties including radical scavenging,xanthine oxidase ildfibition and nitrites seavenging activities.The antioxidative activities were correlated with the total phenol.The leaves extract of L.camara was more effective than that of other parts.Conclusions:This study suggests that L.camara extracts exhibit great potential for antioxidant activity and may be useful for their nutdtional and medicinal functions.

Lantana camara berry for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Objective:To synthesize the silver nunoparticles(AgNPs) by reduction of silver ions into nano silver,using ripened berry extract of Lantana camara and evaluate its antioxidant activity against 1.1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl.Methods:The prepared AgNPs were characterized by visual,UV-visible spectrophotometer.dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction.Results:Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed the AgNPs are spherical and 75.2 nm average sized.Selected area electron diffraction analysis supports that the obtained nanoparticles were in crystalline form.In addition,the antioxidant efficacy of prepared AgNPs was found to be higher than berry extract against 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.Conclusions:From the results obtained it is suggested that surface modified AgNPs at lower concentration,showed higher antioxidant activity than berry extract against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and could be used effectively in future ethno pharmacological concerns.

Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Steam-Activated Carbon Produced from <i>Lantana camara</i>Stem

This study investigated the adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) present in wastewater onto the activated carbon produce from Lantana camara stem. The agricultural material (Lantana camara stem) was carbonized at 300°C for 2 h, ground and steam-activated. The Steam-Activated Lantana camara (SALC) stem carbon was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometry before and after adsorption. Batch model experiments were conducted at 20°C to study the effects of pH, agitation time, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of methylene blue. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. The FTIR bands at 3500, 2500, 2196 and 1682 cm-1 were shifted to 3646.3, 3030, 2822, 1709.05 cm-1 after MB adsorption. Similarly, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the average pore size on the activated carbon was 20 μm. The Methylene Blue (MB) uptake increased with the increase in pH. Similarly, the dye adsorption increased as contact time increased, and reached equilibrium at 60 minutes. The removal of the dye increased when the dosage was increased from 0.5 - 2.0 g·L-1, at different dye concentrations (50 - 200 mg·L-1). The percentage removal decreased with increasing initial dye concentration for SALC. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.989) while the experimental data fitted very well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99). This study suggests that adsorbent prepared from Lantana camara stem can be used effectively for the adsorption of methylene blue in wastewater.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Viburnum lantana L.

Viburnum lantana L.(Caprifoliaceae)is a shrub up to 3-5 m tall,with red or black drupes.Researchers have studied the chemical composition of different parts of the plant and found many compounds with novel structures,including chalcone glycosides,iridoid glycosides,and some terpenoids.At the same time,it has been reported that the extracts from different parts of V.lantana have a variety of biological activities,including antioxidant,antimicrobial,and AChE Inhibitory activities.This study reviewed the chemical components and bioactivities of the V.lantana reported in recent years.

福州海岛两种林下马缨丹入侵群落的生态位与种间联结

以福州海岛上受马缨丹(Lantana camara)入侵的台湾相思(Acacia confusa)林和桉树(Eucalyptus)林为研究对象,运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、方差比率法、χ^(2)检验、M. Godron稳定性等方法,对马缨丹入侵群落的物种生态位、种间联结及群落稳定性进行分析。结果表明:马缨丹重要值在台湾相思和桉树林下均居前列,其生态位宽度值最大,占显著优势地位。两种林下马缨丹入侵群落的生态位重叠值总体较低,但马缨丹与台湾相思林下的豺皮樟(Litsea rotundifolia)、两面针(Zanthoxylum nitidum)、了哥王(Wikstroemia indica)、紫弹树(Celtis biondii)等及桉树林下的豺皮樟、鸡屎藤(Paederia cruddasiana)、雀梅藤(Sageretia thea)、两面针等物种存在较高的生态位重叠。台湾相思林下马缨丹入侵群落总体联结性为不显著正联结,正负联结比值大于1;桉树林下马缨丹入侵群落总体联结性为显著负联结,正负联结比值小于1。两种林下15种优势物种的χ^(2)检验结果显示,马缨丹入侵群落种间联结性总体较弱,物种独立性较强,但马缨丹与生态位重叠高的物种存在较强的种间关联性。两种林下马缨丹入侵群落的M. Godron稳定性测定结果均远离理想稳定点坐标(20,80),处于不稳定状态,相对而言,台湾相思林下马缨丹入侵群落的稳定性更高。马缨丹在两种林下均占有绝对优势,入侵群落较不稳定。

马缨丹中一个2,3-环氧角鲨烯环化酶基因LaOSC1的鉴定和克隆

目的鉴定并克隆药用植物马缨丹体内活性成分三萜皂苷生物合成途径的关键限速酶基因2,3-环氧角鲨烯环化酶基因。方法基于序列比对法,从马缨丹的转录组数据中鉴定出候选2,3-环氧角鲨烯环化酶基因,利用生物信息学软件分析其序列特征、预测其编码蛋白的生化特征及其进化关系,设计特异性引物从马缨丹cDNA中扩增该基因并构建克隆载体。结果成功鉴定出一个2,3-环氧角鲨烯环化酶基因LaOSC1,该基因具备OSC基因特有的保守功能域。进化分析结果提示其可能编码β-AS蛋白,可催化2,3-环氧角鲨烯形成β-香树脂醇,并成功构建了LaOSC1的克隆载体。结论成功鉴定并克隆了马缨丹中一个2,3-环氧角鲨烯环化酶基因LaOSC1,为后续对马缨丹体内活性成分的生物合成途径研究奠定了基础。

Chemical Constituents in Extracts from Leaves of Lantana trifolia and Their In Vitro Anti-oxidative Activity

Objective To isolate, purify, and analyze the anti-oxidants trom the leaves of Lantana trifolia. Methods The anti-oxidative activities of the crude extracts from liquid-liquid extraction of L. trifolia leaves were assayed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method to assess their radical scavenging and reducing abilities. The total flavonoids and phenol contents in the ethyl acetate fraction were determined by colorimetric and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Chemical constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and repeatedly purified using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and HPLC, respectively. The chemical structures isolated were identified by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Results Ethyl acetate partition from liquid-liquid extraction exhibited the highest anti-oxidative activity with an IC50 value of 4.94 μg/mL, close to that of the standard （vitamin C, VC, 4.23 μg/mL）. The extract was proved to contain total flavonoids and phenol contents with values of （39.0±1.6） and （29.27 ± 1.46） mg/g, respectively. Six compounds were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3,7-dimethyl ether （1）, verbascoside （2）, apigenin （3）, umuhengerin （4）, ladanetin （5）, and scutellarein-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside （6）. Conclusion The ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of L. trifolia possesses the potent anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activities which are directly proportional to the concentration of phenolic contents. The anti-oxidative activity of the extract from the leaves of L. trifolia is due to its proton donating ability that converts free radicals to more stable products and terminates chain reactions. Compound 1 is isolated from the plants of Lantana Linn. for the first time. The mechanisms may be related to the therapeutic benefits of the certain traditional claims of wild L. trifolia.

蔓马缨丹挥发油GC-MS分析及其生物活性

蔓马缨丹是我国华南地区常见的园林绿化灌木。本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法从蔓马缨丹枝叶中提取挥发油,通过GC-MS分析其化学组成,并分别测定其抗细菌和抗线虫活性。结果表明:蔓马缨丹枝叶挥发油的得率为0.075%(以鲜重为基础),通过气相色谱与质谱联用技术共分析并鉴定出39种化学成分。其中,含量较高的成分为β-cubebene和β-elemene,相对含量分别达到19.94%、19.61%。抗细菌活性结果表明,蔓马缨丹挥发油对青枯病菌、番茄疮痂病菌以及黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌均表现出一定程度的抑制活性,其中对番茄疮痂病菌的生长抑制效果相对最好,抑菌圈直径达到(30.40±2.78)mm。另外,蔓马缨丹挥发油对南方根结线虫表现出了一定的致死活性,在24 h内致死中浓度为(33.07±2.12)mg/mL。本研究结果可为蔓马缨丹资源的综合开发与利用提供思路,为植物源农药的开发奠定理论基础。

Bioactivity of compounds isolated from the leaves of the Lantana camara Linn plant

Two compounds with different bioactivities were isolated from the leaves of the Lantana camara Linn plant.Compound 1 was triterpenoid(Lantadene B)(22β-dimethylacroyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic-acid,C_(35)H_(52)O_5),which was isolated from n-hexane fraction and obtained as white solid(amorphous).Compound 2 was glycoside flavonoid(5-hydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxy flavon-7-O-glucopyranose,C_(23)H_(24)O_(11)),which was isolated from ethyl acetate and obtained as pale yellow solid(amorphous).Extraction was performed with maceration method using methanol solvent.Subsequently,fractionation was carried out using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents.Isolation and purification of both fractions were conducted using chromatography method.The structure of the isolated compounds was determined through spectral analyses of ultraviolet(UV),infrared(IR),and nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H NMR and ^(13)C NMR),distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer(DEPT),heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity(HMBC),heteronuclear single quantum correlation(HSQC),and H-H COSY(~1H-~1H homonuclear correlated spectroscopy).The cytotoxic activity of compound 1 was tested against MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro using MTT assay(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide),showing very strong cytotoxic activity in inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells,and the IC_(50) value was 1.1336μM.The antioxidant activity of compound 2 was tested using DPPHassay(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl),showing strong activity in inhibiting free radicals,and its IC_(50) value was 71.03 mg/L.

Modelling the potential risk zone of Lantana camara invasion and response to climate change in eastern India

Background:The aim of this study is to elucidate the potential risk zones prone to the invasion of perennial ornamental plant Lantana camara,which is native to South America and has invasive tendency in Jharkhand,eastern India,for present(2020)and the future(2050)climatic conditions under four different Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios(RCPs).We analysed the current distribution pattern of L.camara in the plateau region of eastern India and identified potentially suitable habitats prone to its further infestation in the future under the climate change scenario.Results:Results showed the presence of L.camara invasion in~13%of the geographical area of Jharkhand,Cho-tanagpur plateau which may expand up to 20–26%by 2050 depending upon emission scenarios as characterised by the four RCPs.Analysis for the current scenario suggests the dominance of L.camara in sub-zone V(12.77%under high risk zones(HRZ)and 9.5%under critical risk zones(CRZ))followed by sub-zones IV(6.7%:HRZ;4.19%:CRZ)and VI(2.49%:HRZ;2.14%:CRZ).Future projection(2050)indicates a possible expansion of its distribution range across all agro-climatic sub-zones with dominance in sub-zones V and IV.Variable Bio_4(temperature seasonality)was observed as the most contributing factor for the distribution of L.camara for current and future scenarios across all RCPs.Suitable habitat for L.camara mostly occurred under natural vegetation(66.05%of CRZ and 60.71%of HRZ)and agriculture landscape(29.51%of CRZ and 34.48%of HRZ).Conclusions:The study provides an insight of invasion of L.camara in the plateau region of eastern India,and reveals wide distribution across all the agro-climatic sub-zones of Jharkhand,mostly in open and disturbed areas under natural vegetation and agriculture landscapes.Future projections for the year 2050 suggest a continuous increase in the expansion range of invasion across Jharkhand and call for urgent initiatives to combat its further invasion.

气候变化对全球马缨丹分布影响的空间模拟

【目的】马缨丹是世界10种最有害的入侵杂草之一,预测其潜在适生区变化对入侵植物防控具有重要意义。【方法】以马缨丹为研究对象,采用有效分布点数据1744份和10个气候因子,使用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS10.4软件,选用当前气候情景以及2050sSSP126、2050sSSP245、2050sRCP5.8、2090sSSP126、2090sSSP245、2090sSSP5856个不同气候情景,对马缨丹全球潜在分布区进行预测。【结果】温度和降水因子是制约马缨丹入侵的主要因子,其中年降水量(bio12,48.6%)、最干季度的平均温度(bio9,36.4%)、温度季节性(bio4,4.6%)和最热季度的平均温度(bio10,4.2%)是制约马缨丹分布格局的主要环境因子。南美洲、非洲南部、亚洲南部以及澳大利亚北部和东部具有较高的入侵风险。从当前气候情景到2050年气候情景再到2090年气候情景的过渡中,其适生区面积呈增加趋势,其中高适生区面积持续增加。【结论】在水热条件以及生物因素3个层面上严格防控马缨丹入侵,以增加土著生态系统的完整性。

八角金盘水浸提液和GLDA强化马缨丹修复镉污染土壤的效果研究

【目的】探明八角金盘水浸提液(FJ)和谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸四钠(GLDA)复合活化剂强化马缨丹修复镉污染土壤的效果及机理。【方法】采用盆栽试验,研究FJ和GLDA对马缨丹生物量、镉富集特征及根际土壤镉有效性的影响。【结果】GLDA对马缨丹生长无影响,FJ和FJ+GLDA均能促进马缨丹地上部的生长,其地上部干重较CK分别增加了29.26%和19.47%。马缨丹根和茎中的镉含量受FJ的影响较小,而经GLDA和FJ+GLDA处理后分别提高了52.39%、60.66%和34.95%、40.36%。3种活化剂均显著增加了马缨丹地上部的镉富集量,分别较CK增加了53.11%、53.53%和88.79%,其中FJ+GLDA处理的效果最好。土壤DOC含量在3种活化剂处理下均显著提高,分别为CK的1.22、1.34和1.28倍。同时,3种活化剂促进了土壤中可还原态和可氧化态镉向酸提取态镉的转化以及有效态镉含量的增加,其中有效态镉在FJ+GLDA处理下增加了24.26%,优于其他处理。【结论】利用复合活化剂强化马缨丹修复镉污染土壤是可行的。复合活化剂促进了马缨丹的生长,并通过提高土壤DOC含量,增强了土壤镉的有效性,从而促进了马缨丹对镉的吸收和富集,显著提高了马缨丹修复镉污染土壤的效率。

五色梅总黄酮含量测定与自由基清除活性分析

以70%乙醇为溶剂,运用超声辅助和加热回流法提取了五色梅(Lantana camara L.)根、茎、叶、果和花中的总黄酮。采用分光光度法测定了五色梅根、茎、叶、果和花中总黄酮含量。结果表明,五色梅花的总黄酮含量最高,为6.16%,其次是叶,含量为3.54%,根、茎和果的总黄酮含量依次为0.18%、1.76%和1.17%。五色梅叶的乙醇粗提物具有有效的羟基自由基清除活性。

五色梅叶内生真菌YJ-11的分离鉴定及其抑菌活性

从广东药用植物五色梅(Lantana camara L.)叶片中分离到一株内生真菌YJ-11,通过显微形态特征观察鉴定属于青霉属(Penicillium sp.)。液态静置培养后,进行有效成分提取,获得其菌丝体甲醇提取物和发酵培养液乙酸乙酯提取物。体外抑菌试验结果表明,两种提取物对供试细菌金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureu)均具显著抑菌活性。

天兰草茎、叶、果粗提物中马缨丹烯A含量测定与抗菌活性研究

从天兰草(Lantana camara L.)分离纯化得到马缨丹烯A(Lantadene A,LA),通过1H NMR谱对其结构进行了鉴定。以LA为标准品,采用紫外分光光度法测定了天兰草茎、叶和果中LA的含量。结果表明,天兰草茎、叶和果干粉中LA含量分别为1.49、3.43和2.74 mg/g。纸片琼脂扩散法抗菌试验结果表明,天兰草茎、叶和果粗提物均对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出一定程度的抑菌活性,其抑菌活性与LA含量呈正比关系。