From basic to clinical:Anatomy of Denonvilliers’fascia and its application in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer

The total mesorectal excision(TME)approach has been established as the gold standard for the surgical treatment of middle and lower rectal cancer.This approach is widely accepted to minimize the risk of local recurrence and increase the long-term survival rate of patients undergoing surgery.However,standardized TME causes urogenital dysfunction in more than half of patients,thus lowering the quality of life of patients.Of note,pelvic autonomic nerve damage during TME is the most pivotal cause of postoperative urogenital dysfunction.The anatomy of the Denonvilliers’fascia(DVF)and its application in surgery have been investigated both nationally and internationally.Nevertheless,controversy exists regarding the basic to clinical anatomy of DVF and its application in surgery.Currently,it is a hotspot of concern and research to improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with rectal cancer through the protection of their urinary and reproductive functions after radical resection.Herein,this study systematically describes the anatomy of DVF and its appli-cation in surgery,thus providing a reference for the selection of surgical treatment modalities and the enhancement of postoperative quality of life in patients with middle and low rectal cancer.

Technical feasibility of laparoscopic extended surgerybeyond total mesorectal excision for primary or recurrentrectal cancer

Relatively little is known about the oncologic safety of laparoscopic surgery for advanced rectal cancer.Recently, large randomized clinical trials showed that laparoscopic surgery was not inferior to open surgery, as evidenced by survival and local control rates. However, patients with T4 tumors were excluded from these trials. Technological advances in the instrumentation and techniques used by laparoscopic surgery have increased the use of laparoscopic surgery for advanced rectal cancer. High-definition, illuminated, and magnified images obtained by laparoscopy may enable more precise laparoscopic surgery than open techniques, even during extended surgery for T4 or locally recurrent rectal cancer. To date, the quality of evidence regarding the usefulness of laparoscopy for extended surgery beyond total mesorectal excision has been low because most studies have been uncontrolled series, with small sample sizes, and long-term data are lacking. Nevertheless, laparoscopic extended surgery for rectal cancer, when performed by specialized laparoscopic colorectal surgeons, has been reported safe in selected patients, with significant advantages, including a clear visual field and less blood loss. This review summarizes current knowledge on laparoscopic extended surgery beyond total mesorectal excision for primary or locally recurrent rectal cancer.

Meta-analysis of transanal vs laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of low rectal cancer:Importance of appropriate patient selection

BACKGROUND Achieving a clear resection margins for low rectal cancer is technically challenging.Transanal approach to total mesorectal excision(TME)was introduced in order to address the challenges associated with the laparoscopic approach in treating low rectal cancers.However,previous meta-analyses have included mixed population with mid and low rectal tumours when comparing both approaches which has made the interpretation of the real differences between two approaches in treating low rectal cancer difficult.AIM To investigate the outcomes of transanal TME(TaTME)and laparoscopic TME(LaTME)in patients with low rectal cancer.METHODS A comprehensive systematic review of comparative studies was performed in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards.Intraoperative and postoperative complications,anastomotic leak,R0 resection,completeness of mesorectal excision,circumferential resection margin(CRM),distal resection margin(DRM),harvested lymph nodes,and operation time were the investigated outcome measures.RESULTS We included twelve comparative studies enrolling 969 patients comparing TaTME(n=969)and LaTME(n=476)in patients with low rectal tumours.TaTME was associated with significantly lower risk of postoperative complications(OR:0.74,P=0.04),anastomotic leak(OR:0.59,P=0.02),and conversion to an open procedure(OR:0.29,P=0.002)in comparison with LaTME.Moreover,the rate of R0 resection was significantly higher in the TaTME group(OR:1.96,P=0.03).Nevertheless,TaTME and LaTME were comparable in terms of rate of intraoperative complications(OR:1.87;P=0.23),completeness of mesoractal excision(OR:1.57,P=0.15),harvested lymph nodes(MD:-0.05,P=0.96),DRM(MD:-0.94;P=0.17),CRM(MD:1.08,P=0.17),positive CRM(OR:0.64,P=0.11)and procedure time(MD:-6.99 min,P=0.45).CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that for low rectal tumours,TaTME is associated with better clinical and short term oncological outcomes compared to LaTME.More randomised controlled trials are required to confirm these findings and to evaluate long term oncological and functional outcomes.

Effect of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer on gastrointestinal hormones, visceral protein and pain stress in patients

Objective: To investigate the effects of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer on gastrointestinal hormones, visceral protein and pain stress. Methods: A total of 96 patients with rectal cancer radical resection from January 2017 to December 2017 in our hospital, were selected as the research objects, the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (48 cases) and the control group (48 cases). The observation group received laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, while the control group underwent open radical resection of rectal cancer. The levels of gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), transferrin (TRF), retinol binding protein (RbP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PRE), P substance (SP), bradykinin (BK), and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were measured and compared in the two groups. Results: Before operation, there was no significant difference in GAS, MTL and VIP between the two groups. 1, 3, and 5 d after operation, the GAS, MTL and VIP of the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3, and 5 d after operation, GAS of the observation group were (66.60±5.79) μmol/L, (71.95±6.16) μmol/L and (77.68±6.38) μmol/L respectively, MTL were (225.68±19.83) pg/mL, (253.76±21.42) pg/mL and (289.98±24.74) pg/mL, VIP were (1.99±0.42) μmol/L, (2.43±0.46) μmol/L, (2.80±0.51) μmol/L, respectively, which were higher than that of the control group at the same time, and the difference was statistically significant. Before operation, there was no significant difference in TRF, RbP, ALB and PRE levels in the two groups. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, the TRF, RbP, ALB and PRE levels in the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, TRF of the observation group were (1.64±0.33) ng/L, (1.44±0.30) ng/L, (1.46 ±0.32) ng/L, RbP were (19.05±3.85) mg/L, (21.83±4.26) mg/L and (24.54±4.45) mg/L respectively, and ALB were (31.49±2.54) ng/L, (28.21±2.05) ng/L and (28.43±1.99) ng/L, PRE were (0.20±0.06) ng/L, (0.16±0.05) ng/L, (0.15±0.05) ng/L, which were all higher than those in the control group at the same time, and the differences were statistically significant. Before operation, there was no significant difference in SP, BK and PGE2 between the two groups. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, the SP, BK and PGE2 of the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, SP of the observation group was (7.31±0.87) μg/mL, (5.43±0.51) μg/mL and (3.10±0.24) μg/mL, BK was (9.53±0.80) μg/L, (7.81±0.79) μg/L and 6.30±0.53) pg/mL, and PGE2 were (152.42±14.80) pg/mL, (131.22±13.35) pg/mL, (117.86±11.95) pg/mL, which were all lower than those in the control group at the same time, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer can help patients recover gastrointestinal function faster and cause less pain stress.

New classification system for radical rectal cancer surgery based on membrane anatomy

BACKGROUND Total mesorectal excision along the“holy plane”is the only radical surgery for rectal cancer,regardless of tumor size,localization or even tumor stage.However,according to the concept of membrane anatomy,multiple fascial spaces around the rectum could be used as the surgical plane to achieve radical resection.AIM To propose a new membrane anatomical and staging-oriented classification system for tailoring the radicality during rectal cancer surgery.METHODS A three-dimensional template of the member anatomy of the pelvis was established,and the existing anatomical nomenclatures were clarified by cadaveric dissection study and laparoscopic surgical observation.Then,we suggested a new and simple classification system for rectal cancer surgery.For simplification,the classification was based only on the lateral extent of resection.RESULTS The fascia propria of the rectum,urogenital fascia,vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia lie side by side around the rectum and form three spaces(medial,middle and lateral),and blood vessels and nerves are precisely positioned in the fascia or space.Three types of radical surgery for rectal cancer are described,as are a few subtypes that consider nerve preservation.The surgical planes of the proposed radical surgeries(types A,B and C)correspond exactly to the medial,middle,and lateral spaces,respectively.CONCLUSION Three types of radical surgery can be precisely defined based on membrane anatomy,including nerve-sparing procedures.Our classification system may offer an optimal tool for tailoring rectal cancer surgery.

Total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: laparoscopic vs robotic surgery

AIM: To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic surgery for middle and low rectal cancer.METHODS: This is a retrospective study on a prospectively collected database containing 111 patients who underwent minimally invasive rectal resection with total mesorectal excision(TME) with curative intent between January 2008 and December 2014(robot, n = 53; laparoscopy, n = 58). The patients all had a diagnosis of middle and low rectal adenocarcinoma with stage?Ⅰ-Ⅲ disease. The median follow-up period was 37.4 mo. Perioperative results, morbidity a pathological data were evaluated and compared. The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were calculated and compared.RESULTS: Patients were comparable in terms of preoperative and demographic parameters. The median surgery time was 192 min for laparoscopic TME(L-TME) and 342 min for robotic TME(R-TME)(P < 0.001). There were no differences found in the rates of conversion to open surgery and morbidity. Thepatients who underwent laparoscopic surgery stayed in the hospital two days longer than the robotic group patients(8 d for L-TME and 6 d for R-TME, P < 0.001). The pathologic evaluation showed a higher number of harvested lymph nodes in the robotic group(18 for R-TME, 11 for L-TME, P < 0.001) and a shorter distal resection margin for laparoscopic patients(1.5 cm for L-TME, 2.5 cm for R-TME, P < 0.001). The three-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were similar between groups.CONCLUSION: Both L-TME and R-TME achieved acceptable clinical and oncologic outcomes. The robotic technique showed some advantages in rectal surgery that should be validated by further studies.

Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with abdominal wall lift in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer:initial experience

AIM To evaluate the safety and feasibility of a new technology combining low-pressure pneumoperitoneum(LPP) and abdominal wall lift(AWL) in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(TME) for rectal cancer.METHODS From November 2015 to July 2017,26 patients underwent laparoscopic TME for rectal cancer using LPP(6-8 mm Hg) with subcutaneous AWL in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan,China.Clinical data regarding patients' demographics,intraoperative monitoring indices,operation-related indices andpathological outcomes were prospectively collected.RESULTS Laparoscopic TME was performed in 26 cases(14 anterior resection and 12 abdominoperineal resection) successfully,without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery with standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum.Intraoperative monitoring showed stable heart rate,blood pressure and paw airway pressure.The mean operative time was 194.29 ± 41.27 min(range:125-270 min) and 200.41 ± 20.56 min(range:170-230 min) for anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection,respectively.The mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 16.71 ± 5.06(range:7-27).There was no positive circumferential or distal resection margin.No local recurrence was observed during a median follow-up period of 11.96 ± 5.55 mo(range:5-23 mo).CONCLUSION LPP combined with AWL is safe and feasible for laparoscopic TME.The technique can provide satisfactory exposure of the operative field and stable operative monitoring indices.

Role of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer

Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.Surgical resection for rectal cancer usually requires a proctectomy with respective lymphadenectomy(total mesorectal excision).This has traditionally been performed transabdominally through an open incision.Over the last thirty years,minimally invasive surgery platforms have rapidly evolved with the goal to accomplish the same quality rectal resection through a less invasive approach.There are currently three resective modalities that complement the traditional open operation:(1)Laparoscopic surgery;(2)Robotic surgery;and(3)Transanal total mesorectal excision.In addition,there are several platforms to carry out transluminal local excisions(without lymphadenectomy).Evidence on the various modalities is of mixed to moderate quality.It is unreasonable to expect a randomized comparison of all options in a single trial.This review aims at reviewing in detail the various techniques in regard to intra-/perioperative benchmarks,recovery and complications,oncological and functional outcomes.

Extralevator abdominoperineal excision for advanced low rectal cancer:Where to go

Since its introduction,extralevator abdominoperineal excision(ELAPE)in the prone position has gained significant attention and recognition as an important surgical procedure for the treatment of advanced low rectal cancer.Most studies suggest that because of adequate resection and precise anatomy,ELAPE could decrease the rate of positive circumferential resection margins,intraoperative perforation,and may further decrease local recurrence rate and improve survival.Some studies show that extensive resection of pelvic floor tissue may increase the incidence of wound complications and urogenital dysfunction.Laparoscopic/robotic ELAPE and trans-perineal minimally invasive approach allow patients to be operated in the lithotomy position,which has advantages of excellent operative view,precise dissection and reduced postoperative complications.Pelvic floor reconstruction with biological mesh could significantly reduce wound complications and the duration of hospitalization.The proposal of individualized ELAPE could further reduce the occurrence of postoperative urogenital dysfunction and chronic perianal pain.The ELAPE procedure emphasizes precise anatomy and conforms to the principle of radical resection of tumors,which is a milestone operation for the treatment of advanced low rectal cancer.

Robotic surgery vs conventional laparoscopy for the treatment of rectal cancer: Review of the literature

Laparoscopic surgery has established itself as a safe and effective alternative to open surgery for the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer, and in particular of the lower rectum, remains challenging in view of the limitations of operating in the confined pelvic space, limited movementof instruments with fixed tips, assistant-dependant two-dimensional view, easy camera fogging, and poor ergonomics. The introduction of robotic surgery and its application in particular to pelvic surgery, has potentially resolved many of these issues. To define the role of robotic surgery in total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer, a review of the current literature was performed using Pub Med, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google databases, identifying clinical trials comparing shortterm outcomes of conventional laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with the robotic approach. Robotic surgery for rectal cancer is a safe alternative to conventional laparoscopy. However, randomised trials are needed to clearly establish its role.

Minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer: Are we there yet?

Laparoscopic colon surgery for select cancers is slowly evolving as the standard of care but minimally invasive approaches for rectal cancer have been viewed with significant skepticism. This procedure has been performed by select surgeons at specialized centers and concerns over local recurrence, sexual dysfunction and appropriate training measures have further hindered widespread acceptance. Data for laparoscopic rectal resection now supports its continued implementation and widespread usage by expeienced surgeons for select patients. The current controversies regarding technical approaches have created ambiguity amongst opinion leaders and are also addressed in this review.

Transanal minimally invasive surgery using laparoscopic instruments of the rectum:A review

Transanal minimally invasive surgery(TAMIS)was first described in 2010 as an alternative to transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM).The TAMIS technique can be access to the proximal and mid-rectum for resection of benign and earlystage malignant rectal lesions and also used for noncurative intent surgery of more advanced lesions in patients who are not candidates for radical surgery.TAMIS has a shorter learning curve,reduced device setup time,flexibility in instrument use,and versatility in application than TEM.Also,TAMIS shows similar results in a view of the operation time,conversion rate,reoperation rate,and complication to TEM.For these reasons,TAMIS is an easily accessible,technically feasible,and cost-effective alternative to TEM.Overall,TAMIS has enabled the performance of high-quality local excision of rectal lesions by many colorectal surgeons.As TAMIS becomes more broadly utilized such as pelvic abscess drainage,rectal stenosis,and treatment of anastomotic dehiscence,the acquisition of appropriate training must be ensured,and the continued assessment and assurance of outcome must be maintained.

基于MRI的三维重建技术在保留盆腔自主神经的腹腔镜直肠癌D3根治术中的应用价值

目的 评估利用MRI图像三维重建直肠癌患者盆腔自主神经以及周围器官在腹腔镜直肠癌D3根治术中的应用价值。方法 将56例直肠癌患者随机分为重建组和对照组,重建组术前依照MRI三维重建结果制定手术方案,对照组按常规方式制定手术方案,比较2组术中及术后功能恢复相关指标。结果 重建的三维模型能个体化呈现患者盆腔自主神经以及周围器官分布关系。与对照组相比,重建组的手术时间缩短[(143.7±13.3)min vs.(151.5±12.1)min,P=0.040)],失血量减少[(31.3±12.1)mLvs.(39.4±11.6) mL,P=0.024)],国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)更优[(6.0±1.3)分vs.(7.9±2.6)分,P=0.003)]。此外,重建组的术后拔除尿管时间较对照组短[2.0(2.0,2.0)d vs.3.5(3.0,4.0)d,P <0.001]。结论 基于MRI的盆腔自主神经三维重建能准确呈现盆腔自主神经及器官的解剖关系,提高了D3根治术的效率和安全性,可为术者制定精细化、个性化的手术方案提供重要参考。

腹腔镜下D2根治术联合CME对局部进展期胃癌术后腹腔游离癌细胞检出率及预后的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜下D2根治术联合完整系膜切除术(complete mesocolic excision,CME)对局部进展期胃癌腹腔游离癌细胞及预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2021年06月至2022年06月于医院住院治疗的128例局部进展期胃癌患者临床资料,将64例实施腹腔镜下D2根治术的患者纳入对照组,64例实施腹腔镜下D2根治术联合CME的患者纳入研究组。记录两组手术、住院及并发症情况,采用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)评定生活质量。分别于腹腔镜探查后和肿瘤切除后收集腹腔冲洗液,应用细胞学检查检测腹腔游离癌细胞。术后随访1年,记录总生存期(OS)及无进展生存期(PFS)情况。结果:研究组淋巴结清扫总数及阳性淋巴结数量显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。与术前比较,研究组术后腹腔游离癌细胞阳性率显著降低(P<0.05)。与术前比较,两组术后GQOLI-74评分均显著增加,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组腹腔感染/积液、胃排空障碍、肠梗阻、吻合口瘘、胰瘘、淋巴漏发生率及不良反应总发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后1年PFS率和OS率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下D2根治术联合CME有利于彻底清除局部进展期胃癌淋巴结,减少术后复发,促进术后康复,且不增加腹腔游离癌细胞脱落和手术并发症风险,具有临床推广价值。

经会阴穿刺注射玻璃酸钠扩张狄氏间隙改良前列腺根治性切除术安全性的动物实验

目的通过动物实验组织学观察,探讨经直肠超声引导下经会阴穿刺注射玻璃酸钠扩张狄氏间隙在提升腹腔镜下前列腺根治性切除术安全性方面的价值。方法选用健康雄性纯种比格犬14只,随机分为两组,每组7只。对照组采用常规腹腔镜行根治性前列腺切除,实验组经直肠超声引导下穿刺狄氏间隙注射玻璃酸钠2.5 mL后行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除。观察两组比格犬总手术时间、分离前列腺时间、术中出血量、直肠状态。结果经前列腺与直肠之间的狄氏间隙注射玻璃酸钠操作后,切下的前列腺中未见直肠组织,且两组后方直肠未见明显损伤。术后对照组血红蛋白(HGB)为(118.70±2.56)g/L低于实验组的(122.10±2.19)g/L(P=0.02);对照组总手术时间为(141.40±9.80)min长于实验组的(119.10±9.16)min(P<0.05);对照组分离前列腺时间为(24.99±1.75)min长于实验组的(16.64±2.34)min(P<0.05);实验组术中出血量为(34.86±5.18)mL明显低于对照组的(47.43±4.32)mL(P<0.05)。结论在动物实验中,经直肠超声引导下穿刺狄氏间隙注射玻璃酸钠2.5 mL后行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除可缩短总手术时间、分离前列腺时间,减少出血量,可能降低了直肠损伤这一严重并发症的发生率。本研究初步确立了这一方法用于临床前列腺癌根治术的可行性。

保护性造口在腹腔镜下超低位直肠癌根治术中的安全性及有效性研究

目的:探讨保护性造口在腹腔镜下超低位直肠癌根治术中的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2019年9月—2023年4月萍乡市人民医院收治的70例行腹腔镜下超低位直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料,将未接受保护性造口患者设为对照组(n=38),接受预防性末端回肠造口术患者设为观察组(n=32)。比较两组围手术期指标、炎症因子水平、大便失禁状况及并发症。结果:观察组手术时间长于对照组,首次排便时间、首次通气时间及术后住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);两组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后72 h两组C反应蛋白(CRP)与中性粒细胞(N)均较术后24 h下降,且观察组CRP、N均低于对照组(P<0.05);术后6个月两组Wexner失禁评分均下降,术后1、3、6个月欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)生命质量问卷-C30(QLQ-C30)得分呈上升趋势,且观察组Wexner失禁评分低于对照组,EORTC QLQ-C30得分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率(6.25%)低于对照组(23.68%)(P<0.05)。结论:对腹腔镜下超低位直肠癌根治术患者予以保护性造口具有较好安全性,能促进肛门功能恢复,对机体影响较小,并可提升生活质量。

6S护理管理对预防腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者围手术期低体温的效果

目的观察6S护理管理预防腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者围手术期低体温的效果。方法选取2020年1月—2023年1月上饶东信第五医院拟行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的患者78例,按组间基线资料具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组各39例,两组均采用腹腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗。对照组接受常规护理,观察组采用6S护理管理干预。比较两组术中及术后恢复情况、围术期体温情况、干预前后舒适度、生活质量及干预期间并发症发生率。结果采用6S护理管理干预后,观察组患者下床活动时间、首次肛门排气时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者术中出血量及手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者低体温发生率为5.13%,低于对照组的23.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用6S护理管理干预后,观察组患者中文版舒适状况量表(GCQ)中生理、心理精神、环境评分高于对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组社会文化评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组癌症患者生命质量测定表(QLQ-C30)中身体功能、情感功能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组角色功能、认知功能与社会功能评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者寒战、心律失常、发热、切口感染及术后躁动等并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论6S管理对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者可改善患者术中及术后体温,预防围手术期低体温,减少低体温的发生率,缩短住院时间,提高患者生理、心理精神及环境方面舒适度,增加身体功能、情感功能维度评分。

改良经腹膜外腹腔镜全筋膜内根治性前列腺切除术对局限性前列腺癌患者勃起功能、尿流动力学的影响

目的探讨局限性前列腺癌(PCa)患者采用改良经腹膜外腹腔镜全筋膜内根治性前列腺切除术(RP)对其勃起功能、尿流动力学的改善效果。方法回顾性选取浙江中医药大学附属第一医院庆元分院2020年1月至2022年6月收治的局限性PCa患者82例,依据术中筋膜处理方式的不同分为对照组(41例)和观察组(41例)。两组均行经腹膜外腹腔镜RP,对照组术中给予常规筋膜间保留血管神经束,观察组术中给予改良全筋膜内切除。比较两组手术相关指标、勃起功能、尿流动力学指标、疼痛状况及并发症。结果两组手术时间、出血量、引流管留置时间、住院时间、切缘阳性占比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月两组国际勃起功能指数-5(IIEF-5)评分相比术前均升高;观察组术后6个月IIEF-5评分及勃起功能恢复率高于对照组,视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后6个月最大膀胱容量(MBC)、最大尿道闭合压(MUCP)比术前升高,观察组高于对照组;术后6个月充盈期膀胱顺应性值(BC)、残余尿量(PVR)、逼尿肌不稳定率(DI)比术前降低,观察组低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后6个月随访的总并发症发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良经腹膜外腹腔镜全筋膜内RP应用于局限性PCa患者可促进勃起功能恢复,减轻疼痛症状,调节尿流动力学指标水平,安全性良好。

保留左结肠动脉腹腔镜直肠癌根治术对患者胃功能、并发症的影响

目的探析保留左结肠动脉(leftcolicartery,LCA)腹腔镜直肠癌根治术对患者胃功能、并发症的影响。方法选取2020年12月至2023年11月敦化市医院收治的57例行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者,按随机数字分组法分为对照组(28例)与观察组(29例)。对照组患者术中不保留LCA,观察组术中保留LCA。对比两组并发症发生率、胃功能、排尿功能、肛肠动力学。结果与术前比,术后30d两组患者的胃泌素、胃动素、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)水平均升高,且观察组患者的胃泌素、胃动素、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、CGRP水平高于对照组;与术前相比,术后30d两组患者的肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压均降低,且观察组患者的肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压均高于对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。术后7d两组患者的膀胱过度活动症状评分(overactive bladder symptom scale,OABSS)各项评分较术前均降低,且术后7d观察组患者的OABSS各项评分低于对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜根治术中保留LCA可改善直肠癌患者的肛肠动力学指标,快速恢复其胃功能与排尿功能,并降低并发症发生风险。

腹腔镜辅助经肛全系膜切除术后低位前切除综合征的发生及影响因素相关研究

目的探讨分析腹腔镜辅助经肛全系膜切除术(TaTME)后低位前切除综合征的发生及影响因素,为今后改善TaTME治疗直肠癌患者的排便功能提供依据。方法选取2019年1月至2023年1月惠州市中心人民医院胃肠外科收治的62例行腹腔镜TaTME中低位直肠癌患者,术后3个月、6个月依据直肠癌低位前切除综合征(LARS)量表评分分为LARS组和FLARS组,分别分析术后3个月、6个月发生LARS的影响因素(单因素、多因素回归分析)。结果术后3个月LARS发生率为66.13%,显著高于术后6个月(41.94%)(P<0.05)。术后3个月单因素和多因素分析均显示:LARS发生的独立危险因素为肿瘤直径、术前放化疗率及吻合口距肛缘距离;术后6个月单因素和多因素分析均显示:LARS发生的独立危险因素为术前放化疗率、吻合口距肛缘距离。结论TaTME治疗中低位直肠癌患者,术后3个月LARS发生率显著高于术后6个月,患者术后康复训练和疾病恢复密切相关,TaTME术后发生LARS的独立危险因素为同步放化疗、术后吻合口距肛缘距离(<2cm)、肿瘤直径(≥5cm),在手术过程需要引起注意,加以干预,降低术后LARS发生率,改善患者排便功能。