Clinical efficacy of total laparoscopic splenectomy for portal hypertension and its influence on hepatic hemodynamics and liver function

BACKGROUND The liver hemodynamic changes caused by portal hypertension(PH)are closely related to various complications such as gastroesophageal varices and portosystemic shunts,which may lead to adverse clinical outcomes in these patients,so it is of great clinical significance to find treatment strategies with favorable clinical efficacy and low risk of complications.AIM To study the clinical efficacy of total laparoscopic splenectomy(TLS)for PH and its influence on hepatic hemodynamics and liver function.METHODS Among the 199 PH patients selected from October 2016 to October 2020,100 patients[observation group(OG)]were treated with TLS,while the remaining 99[reference group(RG)]were treated with open splenectomy(OS).We observed and compared the clinical efficacy,operation indexes[operative time(OT)and intraoperative bleeding volume],safety(intraperitoneal hemorrhage,ascitic fluid infection,eating disorders,liver insufficiency,and perioperative death),hepatic hemodynamics(diameter,velocity,and flow volume of the portal vein system),and liver function[serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and serum total bilirubin(TBil)]of the two groups.RESULTS The OT was significantly longer and intraoperative bleeding volume was significantly lesser in the OG than in the RG.Additionally,the overall response rate,postoperative complications rate,and liver function indexes(ALT,AST,and TBil)did not differ significantly between the OG and RG.The hepatic hemodynamics statistics showed that the pre-and postoperative blood vessel diameters in the two cohorts did not differ statistically.Although the postoperative blood velocity and flow volume reduced significantly when compared with the preoperative values,there were no significant inter-group differences.CONCLUSION TLS contributes to comparable clinical efficacy,safety,hepatic hemodynamics,and liver function as those of OS in treating PH,with a longer OT but lesser intraoperative blood loss.

Abnormal splenic artery diameter/hepatic artery diameter ratio in cirrhosis-induced portal hypertension

AIM:To determine an optimal cutoff value for abnormal splenic artery diameter/proper hepatic artery diameter(S/P) ratio in cirrhosis-induced portal hypertension.METHODS:Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension(n = 770) and healthy volunteers(n = 31) underwent volumetric computed tomography threedimensional vascular reconstruction to measure the internal diameters of the splenic artery and proper hepatic artery to calculate the S/P ratio.The cutoff value for abnormal S/P ratio was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,and the prevalence of abnormal S/P ratio and associations between abnormal S/P ratio and major complications of portal hypertension were studied using logistic regression.RESULTS:The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the cutoff points for abnormal splenic artery internal diameter and S/P ratio were > 5.19 mm and > 1.40,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were 74.2%,45.2%,97.1%,and 6.6%,respectively.The prevalence of an abnormal S/P ratio in the patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension was 83.4%.Patients with a higher S/P ratio had a lower risk of developing ascites [odds ratio(OR) = 0.708,95%CI:0.508-0.986,P = 0.041] and a higher risk of developing esophageal and gastric varices(OR = 1.483,95%CI:1.010-2.175,P = 0.044) and forming collateral circulation(OR = 1.518,95%CI:1.033-2.230,P = 0.034).After splenectomy,the portal venous pressure and maximum and mean portal venous flow velocities were reduced,while the flow rate and maximum and minimum flow velocities of the hepatic artery were increased(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of an abnormal S/P ratio is high in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension,and it can be used as an important marker of splanchnic hemodynamic disturbances.

Will partial splenic embolization followed by splenectomy increase intraoperative bleeding?

BACKGROUND Partial splenic embolization(PSE)has been suggested as an alternative to splenectomy in the treatment of hypersplenism.However,some patients may experience recurrence of hypersplenism after PSE and require splenectomy.Currently,there is a lack of evidence-based medical support regarding whether preoperative PSE followed by splenectomy can reduce the incidence of complications.AIM To investigate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of preoperative PSE followed by splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism.METHODS Between January 2010 and December 2021,321 consecutive patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism underwent splenectomy at our department.Based on whether PSE was performed prior to splenectomy,the patients were divided into two groups:PSE group(n=40)and non-PSE group(n=281).Patient characteristics,postoperative complications,and follow-up data were compared between groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was conducted,and univariable and multivariable analyses were used to establish a nomogram predictive model for intraoperative bleeding(IB).The receiver operating characteristic curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test,and decision curve analysis(DCA)were employed to evaluate the differentiation,calibration,and clinical performance of the model.RESULTS After PSM,the non-PSE group showed significant reductions in hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss,and operation time(all P=0.00).Multivariate analysis revealed that spleen length,portal vein diameter,splenic vein diameter,and history of PSE were independent predictive factors for IB.A nomogram predictive model of IB was constructed,and DCA demonstrated the clinical utility of this model.Both groups exhibited similar results in terms of overall survival during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION Preoperative PSE followed by splenectomy may increase the incidence of IB and a nomogram-based prediction model can predict the occurrence of IB.

In situ subtotal spleen resection combined with selective pericardial devascularization for the treatment of portal hypertension

BACKGROUND Hypersplenism and esophageal varices bleeding are the major complications of portal hypertension(PHT).In recent years,increasing attention has been given to spleen preservation operations.The mode and long-term effects of subtotal splenectomy and selective pericardial devascularization for PHT remain controversial.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of subtotal splenectomy combined with selective pericardial devascularization for the treatment of PHT.METHODS This was a retrospective study of 15 patients with PHT who underwent subtotal splenectomy not preserving the splenic artery or vein combined with selective pericardial devascularization in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from February 2011 to April 2022.Fifteen propensity score-matched patients with PHT who underwent total splenectomy at the same time served as the control group.The patients were followed for up to 11 years after surgery.We compared the postoperative platelet levels,perioperative splenic vein thrombosis,and serum immunoglobulin levels between the two groups.Abdominal enhanced computed tomography was used to evaluate the blood supply and function of the residual spleen.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,evacuation time,and hospital stay were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The postoperative platelet level of patients in the subtotal splenectomy group was significantly lower than that in the total splenectomy group(P<0.05),and the postoperative portal system thrombosis rate in the subtotal splenectomy group was also much lower than that in the total splenectomy group.The levels of serum immunoglobulins(IgG,IgA,and IgM)showed no significant differences after surgery compared with before surgery in the subtotal splenectomy group(P>0.05),but serum immunoglobulin IgG and IgM levels decreased dramatically after total splenectomy(P<0.05).The operation time in the subtotal splenectomy group was longer than that in the total splenectomy group(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in the amount of intraoperative blood loss,evacuation time,or hospital stay between the two groups.CONCLUSION Subtotal splenectomy not preserving the splenic artery or vein combined with selective pericardial devascularization is a safe and effective surgical treatment for patients with PHT,not only correcting hypersplenism but also preserving splenic function,especially immunological function.

Torsion of spleen and portal hypertension: Pathophysiology and clinical implications

The displacement of spleen from its normal location to other places is known as wandering spleen(WS)and is a rare disease.The repeated torsion of WS is due to the presence of long pedicle and absence/laxity of anchoring ligaments.A WS is an extremely rare cause of left-sided portal hypertension(PHT)and severe gastric variceal bleeding.Left-sided PHT usually occurs as a result of splenic vein occlusion caused by splenic torsion,extrinsic compression of the splenic pedicle by enlarged spleen,and splenic vein thrombosis.There is a paucity of data on WSrelated PHT,and these data are mostly in the form of case reports.In this review,we have analyzed the data of 20 reported cases of WS-related PHT.The mechanisms of pathogenesis,clinico-demographic profile,and clinical implications are described in this article.The majority of patients were diagnosed in the second to third decade of life(mean age:26 years),with a strong female preponderance(M:F=1:9).Eleven of the 20 WS patients with left-sided PHT presented with abdominal pain and mass.In 6 of the 11 patients,varices were detected incidentally on preoperative imaging studies or discovered intraoperatively.Therefore,pre-operative search for varices is required in patients with splenic torsion.

完全腹腔镜巨脾切除术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症合并巨脾的效果

目的:分析完全腹腔镜巨脾切除术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症合并巨脾的效果。方法:选取2019年1月—2023年6月临沂市中医医院收治的肝硬化门静脉高压症合并巨脾患者60例为研究对象,根据单双数法分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组行开腹巨脾切除术,观察组行完全腹腔镜巨脾切除术。比较两组手术指标、术后恢复指标及并发症发生率。结果:观察组切口长度短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,住院费用高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后24 h视觉模拟评分法评分低于对照组,术后拔管时间、肠功能恢复时间、住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。结论:与传统开腹巨脾切除术相比,完全腹腔镜巨脾切除术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症合并巨脾的优势显著,切口小、术中出血量少,不会增加手术时间,且有利于术后恢复,减轻疼痛,减少并发症,但也存在住院费用高的问题。

腹腔镜脾动脉结扎联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的回顾性研究

目的探讨腹腔镜脾动脉结扎(SAL)联合贲门周围血管离断术(EED)治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症(PHT)的治疗效果。方法回顾性研究2020年7月至2023年5月安阳市第三人民医院和安阳市第五人民医院收治的126例肝硬化PHT患者资料,根据不同手术方式分为观察组(69例,行腹腔镜SAL术联合EED)和对照组[57例,行腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)联合EED]。比较两组患者围术期指标;比较术前及术后14 d血常规指标[血小板计数(PLT)、白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)]、肝功能指标[丙谷转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)]、凝血功能指标[活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血原酶时间(PT)],观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组各项围术期指标均低于对照组(P<0.05);术后14 d,观察组PLT、WBC水平低于对照组(P<0.05),且RBC水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组ALT、AST、GGT、APTT、PT水平低于对照组,FIB高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜SAL联合EED能提高治疗肝硬化PHT的手术效果,改善患者脾功能亢进,改善肝功能及凝血功能,降低并发症的发生。

手助腹腔镜下门静脉高压症巨脾切除术

目的 :总结在手助腹腔镜下施行门静脉高压症巨脾切除术的手术方法和经验教训。方法 :患者取平仰卧位。经腹白线作长 6～ 8cm的手助小切口。先经此切口在直视下离断部分脾结肠韧带和脾胃韧带 ,并结扎脾动脉。切口安装自制的充气式切口开关。脐下和左上腹部适当部位安置 3个 10mm(或 12mm)Trocar。切脾方法有两种 ,一是先离断脾周所有韧带 ,待脾蒂完全游离后再以Endo -GIA切断 (方法A) ;二是在直视手术的基础上 ,先以Endo -GIA切断脾蒂 ,后将脾肾韧带、皮膈韧带、剩余的脾胃韧带和胃短血管离断 (方法B)。自 2 0 0 0年 3～ 12月 ,先后对 5例乙肝后肝硬化门静脉高压症患者施行了此种手术。手术时间 12 5～ 180min ,平均 149min。术中失血 70～ 46 0ml,平均 2 2 2ml。采用方法A的 3例术后恢复均顺利 ,未发生任何并发症。采用方法B的 2例均发生胰尾损伤。结论 :手助腹腔镜下门静脉高压症巨脾切除术在技术上是可行的 ,创伤比开腹手术小。但由于此类病人凝血机制差 ,术中避免胰尾损伤至关重要。采用上述方法A可能较为稳妥。不过因例数少 。

免切割闭合器完全腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术

目的探讨免切割闭合器完全腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的手术技巧和临床应用价值。方法2005年3月～2006年10月,对23例肝硬化门静脉高压致食道下端静脉曲张患者行完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗,其中18例免切割闭合器应用二级脾蒂离断法切除脾脏,即处理脾蒂时逐支分离脾叶动静脉,边分离边用血管夹夹闭或用丝线结扎后离断血管,并用超声刀离断小网膜后,逐一将贲门周围曲张静脉直接用超声刀或可吸收夹夹闭后离断,将脾脏放入标本袋,拉出扩大的trocar孔外,剪碎后取出。结果18例手术获得成功,手术时间180～320min,平均255min。术中出血量200～1600ml,平均450ml。术后发生胸腔积液2例,左膈下脓肿1例,B超引导穿刺治愈,轻度腹水2例。无死亡病例。术后住院时间6～17d,平均7.5d。18例术后随访5-24个月,平均16.4月,术后20个月再出血1例,经胃镜下注射硬化剂治愈,余17例均无再出血。结论应用二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂可以避免腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术应用切割闭合器,不仅节省费用,而且在腹腔镜巨脾切除中有独特的优势。

腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术(附59例报道)

目的探讨微创技术应用于门脉高压症治疗的利弊。方法5例门脉高压症并食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血病人施行腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术;结合文献报道一并分析。结果全组59例肝功能均为ChildA或B级,脾脏长径14～28cm。全组均择期手术,其中22例全腔镜下完成手术,33例手助,4例中转开腹,无手术死亡。全腔镜下手术最长耗时5.5h,手助术最长耗时5h;术中出血一般200～500mL,最多达2800mL(腔镜下);术后排气及下床活动时间多在3d左右,7～12d出院。结论微创技术应用于门脉高压症并食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的择期治疗可行且有利,但应严格筛选合适的病人。

手助腹腔镜与开腹脾切除加门奇断流术对机体免疫功能和创伤反应影响临床研究

目的 :研究手助腹腔镜和开腹脾切除加门奇断流两种术式对机体免疫功能及创伤反应的影响 ,探讨其差异及新术式的可行性。方法 :监测 5 0例 (手助腹腔镜及开腹各 2 5例 )肝硬变、门静脉高压症患者术前、术后第1天 ,术后第 3天的外周血淋巴细胞 (PBL)亚群、C -反应蛋白 (CRP)、白细胞介素 6 (IL - 6 )和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的变化并进行对比研究。结果 :开腹组术后第 3天成熟的T淋巴细胞 (CD3 )、辅助性T细胞 (CD4)、CD4与抑制性T淋巴细胞 (CD8)比值较术前明显下降 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。且两组相比较开腹组明显低于手助腹腔镜组 (P <0 .0 1)。开腹组术后第 1天或 /和术后第 3天CRP、IL - 6、TNF较术前明显升高 (P <0 .0 1)。且两组比较开腹组明显高于手助腹腔镜组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :手助腹腔镜组对机体免疫及细胞因子水平影响较小 ,这构成手助腹腔镜组脾切除加断流术术后恢复较快及创伤反应小的病理、生理基础 ,同时也证明了该新术式治疗肝硬变、门静脉高压症的可行性及优越性。

完全腹腔镜与开腹行贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除治疗门脉高压症的临床研究

目的探讨完全腹腔镜行贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除治疗门脉高压症的临床疗效。方法收集2009年1月-2012年1月该院行贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除的50例门脉高压症患者。其中,完全腹腔镜下行贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除25例(腹腔镜组)以及同期行开腹贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除25例(传统开腹组),比较两组的平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后血浆引流量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、住院总费用以及术后并发症发生率等指标的变化;研究两组患者术后肝脏储备功能、食管曲张静脉复发和上消化道再出血等指标的变化。结果腹腔镜组的平均手术时间及住院费用与传统开腹组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术中出血量、术后血浆引流量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间和术后并发症发生率腹腔镜组明显少于传统开腹组(P<0.05);术后均随访24个月,两组术后肝脏功能(MELD)评分及Child评分、上消化道再出血率、重度食管胃底静脉曲张发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论完全腹腔镜下贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除能有效治疗肝硬化门脉高压症,患者术后恢复快,住院时间短,术后并发症少,同时并不延长手术时间,也不增加费用,安全可行。

完全腹腔镜重度以上脾肿大切除术的临床研究

摘要：目的探讨完全腹腔镜重度以上脾肿大切除联合门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症的手术技巧和可行性。方法对2009年3月～2012年11月在该科住院的33例门静脉高压症致重度以上脾肿大患者应用超声刀及血管闭合切割系（Ligasure），在完全腹腔镜行重度以上脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术治疗。结果30例完成腹腔镜手术（其中28例应用二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂），3例因术中大出血中转开腹。30例完全腹腔镜手术患者的手术时间为145～320min，平均200mill；术中失血量150～1200mL，平均450mL；门静脉血栓形成6例，术后发生少量腹水（〈300mL）S例，轻度胰瘘（〈10mL／d）4例，少量胸腔积液（〈300mL）3例。膈下脓肿1例。术后住院时间7—16d，平均8d。33例患者术后平均随访8个月（4～24个月），无再出血及死亡病例。结论完全腹腔镜重度以上脾肿大切除联合门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症微创伤、有效、安全，具有一定的临床推广价值。

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症效果分析

目的分析腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的效果。方法选择2013年12月至2016年3月于河北医科大学第二医院治疗的肝硬化门静脉高压症患者56例。所有患者择期行完全腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术。记录患者手术相关情况。结果 56例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,其中用腹腔镜下切割缝合器(Endo-GIA)将脾蒂钳合后离断或七号线双重结扎后生物夹夹闭离断9例,因脾脏巨大暴露困难改行手助腹腔镜完成2例,其余45例均正常执行。手术时间为150～330 min、平均(221±36)min,术中出血量80～1 400 ml,平均(347±202)ml。所有患者均于术后1～3 d排气,术后引流液量为100～400 ml,平均(204±52)ml,并多于术后3～5 d拔管。其中12例因低蛋白原因出现腹腔积液,无术后出血二次手术病例,无一例出现切口感染、胰漏、胃漏、膈下积液和结肠损伤。24例患者因依从性差,随访丢失。余32例随访成功,脾功能亢进症状完全缓解且血常规三系提示正常。患者术后第1、3、7天血小板计数分别为(45±17)×10~9/L、(157±42)×10~9/L,(299±39)×10~9/L,脾功能亢进逐渐缓解。患者术后住院7～15 d,平均(9.0±1.0)d。其中4例出现门静脉血栓,未再发生呕血或黑便,无死亡病例。结论腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术是肝硬化门静脉高压症的一种安全有效的治疗方案。

全腹腔镜脾切除联合经内镜食管曲张静脉套扎术与开腹断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床对照研究

目的探讨全腹腔镜脾切除联合经内镜食管曲张静脉套扎术治疗乙肝后肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法收集2008年7月至2012年7月因乙肝后肝硬化门静脉高压症在我院治疗的60例患者,其中全腹腔镜脾切除联合经内镜食管曲张静脉套扎术28例(腔镜套扎组)以及同期行开腹脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的30例(传统开腹组),比较两组的平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后血浆引流量、术后肛门排气时间以及手术并发症等临床安全性相关指标的变化;研究两组患者炎症因子C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、门静脉血流动力学、肝脏储备功能、食管曲张静脉复发、上消化道再出血、门静脉高压性胃病分级等临床疗效相关指标的变化。结果腔镜套扎组的住院费用与传统开腹组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后血浆管引流量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间明显少于传统开腹组(P<0.05);腹水、胸腔积液等术后并发症的发生率明显低于传统开腹组(P<0.05);术后肝脏血流动力学差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腔镜套扎组术后第1、3天的CRP低于传统开腹组(P<0.05)。术后均随访12个月,两组术后肝脏功能的MELD及Child评分、上消化道再出血率、重度食管胃底静脉曲张、门静脉高压性胃病的分级差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全腹腔镜脾切除联合经内镜食管曲张静脉套扎术能够有效地治疗乙肝后肝硬化门静脉高压症,创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,能有效减少门静脉血流量,食管曲张静脉复发率及出血率。

PSE联合手术治疗门脉高压症合并脾功能亢进的临床研究

目的分析部分脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)作为门脉高压症合并脾功能亢进患者术前提升血小板的可行性,探讨PSE术后进行脾切除联合门奇断流术的最佳手术时机。方法本组15例患者行PSE术后,观察PSE对血小板上升时间的影响,并明确血小板上升到适宜手术的时间。PSE术后2周内行脾切除联合门奇断流术,术中观察脾脏与周围组织的粘连情况,并明确PSE后进行手术的最佳时机。结果 PSE术后血小板开始升高,1周时达峰值;脾脏与大网膜及周围组织发生粘连,粘连程度与PSE术后手术时间呈正相关。结论 PSE纠正脾功能亢进,改善凝血功能障碍作用明显,可作为门脉高压而脾亢明显的患者行脾切除、门奇断流术的一种术前准备措施。PSE术后2周内是进行脾切除的最佳时机。

开腹手术和腔镜手术治疗肝硬化门脉高压食管静脉曲张破裂出血的Meta分析

目的比较开腹和腔镜下脾切除和血管断流术(OSD和LSD)治疗肝硬化门脉高压食管静脉曲张破裂出血的安全性和有效性。方法检索PubMed、CNKI和万方数据库,查找所有比较OSD和LSD治疗肝硬化门脉高压的临床试验,检索时间均为建库至2013年9月。对符合质量标准的研究数据进行Meta分析。结果五个非随机对照研究满足选择标准,共报告363例患者的临床结果。LSD在术中出血、输血需求率、术后通气时间、住院时间、总体并发症发生率上优于OSD,而手术时间上LSD长于OSD。结论在治疗肝硬化和门脉高压症胃底静脉曲张破裂出血上,LSD较OSD更可行和更安全。

同步腹腔镜肝切除联合脾切除术治疗原发性肝癌并发肝硬化性脾功能亢进的初步研究

目的探讨同步腹腔镜肝切除联合脾切除术治疗原发性肝癌并发肝硬化性脾功能亢进的安全性和临床疗效。方法对中南大学湘雅医学院附属株洲医院2017年1月至2020年6月间接受同步腹腔镜肝切除联合脾切除术的原发性肝癌并发肝硬化性脾功能亢进的15例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计患者的客观缓解率、手术情况、术后并发症发生率、术后恢复时间、住院时间,比较手术后12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h患者的疼痛评分变化,比较手术前后患者的免疫功能指标、营养状况指标、肝功能指标、凝血功能指标、生活质量评分。结果15例患者均成功完成同步腹腔镜肝切除联合脾切除术,手术时间(204.57±18.42)min,术中出血量(118.24±19.15)mL;手术后12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h患者的疼痛评分逐渐降低([3.46±0.51)vs(2.92±0.45)vs(2.49±0.37)vs(2.10±0.34),P=0.006];术后引流管拔除时间(2.43±0.69)d;术后下床活动时间(3.97±0.58)d;术后并发症发生率20.0%,均恢复良好;住院时间(10.91±2.37)d。手术后,患者的CD3、CD4/CD8、血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、AST、ALT、TBIL、TT、PT、APTT与手术前相比均无明显改变(P>0.05)。手术后,患者各方面的生活质量评分均高于手术前(P<0.05)。术后随访6~40个月,15例患者的客观缓解率为80.00%。结论同步腹腔镜肝切除联合脾切除术对原发性肝癌并发肝硬化性脾功能亢进的近期疗效良好,且其手术对免疫功能、营养状况、肝功能及凝血功能的影响轻微,术后并发症少,术后疼痛感逐渐减轻,有利于提高患者的生活质量。

脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术后门静脉系统血栓发生率及其防治

目的探讨门静脉高压症术后门静脉系统血栓(portal venous system thrombosis,PVST)形成的原因及其防治措施。方法对132例门静脉高压症患者行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,术中均经胃网膜右静脉置入导管测压并留置导管,其中36例患者(设为试验组,其余设为对照组)术中增加脾静脉近端结扎。术后早期经导管滴注肝素盐水预防血栓,或发生血栓后滴注尿激酶溶栓,出院后口服华法林,使预防和治疗血栓的效果分别达到国际标准化比值(INR)维持于1.5~2.0和2.0~3.0,并直至血小板数量恢复正常。结果术后2周内发生PVST共132例(100%),血栓分布:残余脾静脉血栓132例(100%),门静脉血栓(PVT)39例(29.5%)。在39例PVT中,门静脉主干血栓33例,主干血栓均与残余脾静脉血栓相连,其中15例血栓最大横截面积<50%,14例血栓最大横截面积≥50%,4例为完全性血栓;肠系膜上静脉血栓6例,其中4例合并门静脉主干血栓并与肠系膜上静脉血栓相连,2例存在门静脉分支血栓且肠系膜上静脉血栓与脾静脉血栓相连。39例PVT中,门静脉左支血栓21例,门静脉右支血栓18例;PVT 2处及以上者25例。在试验组36例脾静脉近端结扎的患者中,发生门静脉主干血栓1例(2.8%);在对照组未采用脾静脉近端结扎的96例中发生PVT 38例(39.6%),两者对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。对39例PVT采用抗凝及溶栓治疗,其中33例在术后6个月获得随访并进行CT检查,发现血栓消失、机化再通和海绵样变各23例、7例和3例。结论肝硬化门静脉高压症行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术后早期残余脾静脉内易形成血栓,残余脾静脉血栓向门静脉内蔓延是发生术后PVT的主要原因。脾静脉近端结扎的预防效果显著,经胃网膜右静脉留置导管,术后滴注肝素盐水和溶栓剂兼具预防和治疗双重作用,口服华法林效果确切但需检测凝血功能。

完全腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症效果分析

目的 评价完全腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床效果。方法 选择2011年10月~2015年9月我院收治的66例确诊为肝硬化门静脉高压症并上消化道出血患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法的不同分观察组（n=32）和对照组（n=34）,对照组患者采用传统脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,观察组观察采用完全腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术,比较两种手术方式的临床疗效。结果 观察组术中出血量、术后引流量、总住院费用、并发症发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组手术时间明显比对照组长,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。观察组切口长度、禁食时间、术后镇痛次数均明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 完全腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症是安全可行的手术方式。