A time domain induced polarization relaxation time spectrum inversion method based on a damping factor and residual correction

Relaxation time spectra （RTS） derived from time domain induced polarization data （TDIP） are helpful to assess oil reservoir pore structures. However, due to the sensitivity to the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, the inversion accuracy of the traditional singular value decomposition （SVD） inversion method reduces with a decrease of SNR. In order to enhance the inversion accuracy and improve robustness of the inversion method to the SNR, an improved inversion method, based on damping factor and spectrum component residual correction, is proposed in this study. The numerical inversion results show that the oscillation of the RTS derived from the SVD method increased with a decrease of SNR, which makes it impossible to get accurate inversion components. However, the SNR has little influence on inversion components of the improved method, and the RTS has high inversion accuracy and robustness. Moreover, RTS derived from core sample data is basically in accord with the pore-size distribution curve, and the RTS derived from the actual induced polarization logging data is smooth and continuous, which indicates that the improved method is practicable.

A new approach for inversion of receiver function for crustal structure in the depth domain

A method for reconstructing crustal velocity structure using the optimization of stacking receiver function amplitude in the depth domain,named common conversion amplitude(CCA)inversion,is presented.The conversion amplitude in the depth domain,which represents the impedance change in the medium,is obtained by assigning the receiver function amplitude to the corresponding conversion position where the P-to-S conversion occurred.Utilizing the conversion amplitude variation with depth as an optimization objective,imposing reliable prior constraints on the structural model frame and velocity range,and adopting a stepwise search inversion technique,this method efficiently weakens the tendency of easily falling into the local extremum in conventional receiver function inversion.Synthetic tests show that the CCA inversion can reconstruct complex crustal velocity structures well and is especially suitable for revealing crustal evolution by estimating diverse velocity distributions.Its performance in reconstructing crustal structure is superior to that of the conventional receiver function imaging method.

Bayesian seismic multi-scale inversion in complex Laplace mixed domains

Seismic inversion performed in the time or frequency domain cannot always recover the long-wavelength background of subsurface parameters due to the lack of low-frequency seismic records. Since the low-frequency response becomes much richer in the Laplace mixed domains, one novel Bayesian impedance inversion approach in the complex Laplace mixed domains is established in this study to solve the model dependency problem. The derivation of a Laplace mixed-domain formula of the Robinson convolution is the first step in our work. With this formula, the Laplace seismic spectrum, the wavelet spectrum and time-domain reflectivity are joined together. Next, to improve inversion stability, the object inversion function accompanied by the initial constraint of the linear increment model is launched under a Bayesian framework. The likelihood function and prior probability distribution can be combined together by Bayesian formula to calculate the posterior probability distribution of subsurface parameters. By achieving the optimal solution corresponding to maximum posterior probability distribution, the low-frequency background of subsurface parameters can be obtained successfully. Then, with the regularization constraint of estimated low frequency in the Laplace mixed domains, multi-scale Bayesian inversion inthe pure frequency domain is exploited to obtain the absolute model parameters. The effectiveness, anti-noise capability and lateral continuity of Laplace mixed-domain inversion are illustrated by synthetic tests. Furthermore,one field case in the east of China is discussed carefully with different input frequency components and different inversion algorithms. This provides adequate proof to illustrate the reliability improvement in low-frequency estimation and resolution enhancement of subsurface parameters, in comparison with conventional Bayesian inversion in the frequency domain.

Fransdimensional Bayesian inversion of timedomain airborne EM data

为改善反演效果,获得全局最小解,减小反演结果对初始模型的依赖程度,本文将变维数贝叶斯反演应用于时间域航空电磁数据反演。变维数贝叶斯反演方法在贝叶斯方法基础上利用可逆跳跃马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法(RJMCMC)实现反演模型层数的变化。这种方法根据建议分布并利用蒙特卡洛方法充分搜索模型空间进行随机采样。只统计同时满足数据拟合要求和接受概率的候选模型,受初始模型影响小,收敛稳定,反演结果可靠,最终可获得反演模型的概率分布和不确定度信息。由于实际飞行中发射源高度很难精确测量,因此本文在反演过程中将发射源高度分为不变和发射源高度变化两种情况。同时本文在电阻率先验概率密度函数中引入加权系数以调整对反演模型的约束强度,可有效地解决电阻率断面中间层反演效果不理想的问题。本文通过反演中心回线装置的H型和分离装置K型、HK型断面添加高斯噪声后的仿真数据以及实测数据,验证了变维数贝叶斯方法反演时间域航空电磁数据的有效性。

A Time－space Domain Backprojection Method for Ray Inversion in Layered Medium

ＡＴｉｍｅ－ｓｐａｃｅＤｏｍａｉｎＢａｃｋｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｏｎＭｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒＲａｙＩｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｉｎＬａｙｅｒｅｄＭｅｄｉｕｍＭＡＸｉｎｒｕｉＴＡＯＬｉａｎｇＨＵＡＮＧＷｅｎｈｕ（马兴瑞，陶良，黄文虎）（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＡｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ...

3D Gravity Inversion with Correlation Image in Space Domain and Application to the Northern Sinai Peninsula

We present a 3D inversion method to recover density distribution from gravity data in space domain.Our method firstly employs 3D correlation image of the vertical gradient of gravity data as a starting model to generate a higher resolution image for inversion.The 3D density distribution is then obtained by inverting the correlation image of gravity data to fit the observed data based on classical inversion method of the steepest descent method.We also perform the effective equivalent storage and subdomain techniques in the starting model calculation,the forward modeling and the inversion procedures,which allow fast computation in space domain with reducing memory consumption but maintaining accuracy.The efficiency and stability of our method is demonstrated on two sets of synthetic data and one set of the Northern Sinai Peninsula gravity data.The inverted 3D density distributions show that high density bodies beneath Risan Aniza and low density bodies exist to the southeast of Risan Aniza at depths between 1~10 and 20 km,which may be originated from hot anomalies in the lower crust.The results show that our inversion method is useful for 3D quantitative interpretation.

Laplace-Fourier域多尺度高效全波形反演方法

针对常规Laplace-Fourier域全波形反演计算量大、耗时长的问题,提出一种多尺度高效Laplace-Fourier域全波形反演方法,并针对Marmousi和Overthrust模型进行数值模拟。Laplace-Fourier域多尺度高效全波形反演方法对于不同频率点选择大小不同的网格,并且根据Laplace衰减常数选择不同的模型计算区域深度,既不影响反演精度,又显著提高反演计算效率,同时由于反演网格数减少,反演稳定性也有所提高。Marmousi和Overthrust模型的反演结果验证了算法的有效性,同时在缺失低频信息时,Laplace-Fourier域多尺度高效全波形反演结果仍较好。

Laplace-Fourier域下的速度密度反演

针对速度密度频域全波形反演困难的问题,文中引入了Laplace-Fourier(拉普拉斯-傅里叶)域,即对原始的二维弹性声波方程进行Laplace-Fourier变换,并且分析推导了此时的梯度和Hessian形式。通过选择合适的衰减因子,采用经典的频点串行反演策略,利用Laplace变换频谱泄露的特点,即人为的补充反演所需的低频信息,降低了反演对初始模型的依赖。这样使得反演模型更容易逼近全局最优,极大地提高以简单初始模型为起点反演成功的可能性。最后的二维理论模型实验验证了文中方法的有效性。

The inverse study of crustal damage state with gravity data in frequency domain

ＴｈｅｉｎｖｅｒｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｃｒｕｓｔａｌｄａｍａｇｅｓｔａｔｅｗｉｔｈｇｒａｖｉｔｙｄａｔａｉｎｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｄｏｍａｉｎＹＯＮＧＺＨＩＺＨＡＮＧ１）（张永志）ＷＥＮＰＩＮＧＷＡＮＧ１）（王文萍）ＷＥＩＦＥＮＧＬＩＡＮＧ１）（梁伟...

A wavelet multiscale method for inversion of Maxwell equations

This paper is concerned with estimation of electrical conductivity in Maxwell equations. The primary difficulty lies in the presence of numerous local minima in the objective functional. A wavelet multiscale method is introduced and applied to the inversion of Maxwell equations. The inverse problem is decomposed into multiple scales with wavelet transform, and hence the original problem is reformulated to a set of sub-inverse problems corresponding to different scales, which can be solved successively according to the size of scale from the shortest to the longest. The stable and fast regularized Gauss-Newton method is applied to each scale. Numerical results show that the proposed method is effective, especially in terms of wide convergence, computational efficiency and precision.

一种基于Laplace-Fourier域衰减系数的初始模型获取策略

频率域全波形算法由于其高精度,高效计算性能,已逐步成为地震勘探中重要的反演手段。但其对低频信息和初始模型有较大依赖,在Laplace-Fourier域进行反演能产生一些伪低频信息,为实际反演提供较好的初始模型,与此同时,其反演的有效深度也会随之变浅,且衰减系数因子越大,反演有效深度越浅。针对这些不足,本文提出一种结合不同衰减系数因子的基于Laplace-Fourier域全波形反演策略,利用不同衰减系数因子反演时的不同的波数信息相结合的方式,获得与目标模型相接近的初始速度模型。

Elastic Full Waveform Inversion Based on the Trust Region Strategy

In this paper, we investigate the elastic wave full-waveform inversion (FWI) based on the trust region method. The FWI is an optimization problem of minimizing the misfit between the observed data and simulated data. Usually, the line search method is used to update the model parameters iteratively. The line search method generates a search direction first and then finds a suitable step length along the direction. In the trust region method, it defines a trial step length within a certain neighborhood of the current iterate point and then solves a trust region subproblem. The theoretical methods for the trust region FWI with the Newton type method are described. The algorithms for the truncated Newton method with the line search strategy and for the Gauss-Newton method with the trust region strategy are presented. Numerical computations of FWI for the Marmousi model by the L-BFGS method, the Gauss-Newton method and the truncated Newton method are completed. The comparisons between the line search strategy and the trust region strategy are given and show that the trust region method is more efficient than the line search method and both the Gauss-Newton and truncated Newton methods are more accurate than the L-BFGS method.

Full waveform inversion based on improved MLQN method

Full waveform inversion( FWI) is a challenging data-fitting procedure between model wave field value and theoretical wave field value. The essence of FWI is an optimization problem,and therefore,it is important to study optimization method. The study is based on conventional Memoryless quasi-Newton( MLQN)method. Because the Conjugate Gradient method has ultra linear convergence,the authors propose a method by using Fletcher-Reeves( FR) conjugate gradient information to improve the search direction of the conventional MLQN method. The improved MLQN method not only includes the gradient information and model information,but also contains conjugate gradient information. And it does not increase the amount of calculation during every iterative process. Numerical experiment shows that compared with conventional MLQN method,the improved MLQN method can guarantee the computational efficiency and improve the inversion precision.

基岩中入射波三维时域反演及自由场构建

基岩入射波一维和二维时域反演不能反映入射方位角和斜入射角的空间任意性,导致构建的自由场可能与实际偏离较远,因此有必要开展基岩入射波三维时域反演研究。基于波函数组合法,利用基岩中P波、SV波和SH波的入射波时程表达地表控制点自由场,建立基于设计地震动的基岩入射波三维时域反演方法,并进一步构建了多波组合斜入射下的空间非一致自由场,分析了基于一维和二维反演方法构建的自由场偏差,揭示了不同反演和自由场构建方法对于沥青混凝土心墙土石坝地震响应的影响机制。结果表明:基于地震动三维反演方法构建的自由场具有空间非一致性,能够更全面地反映场地的地震动场情况。当入射方位角在0°~60°、斜入射角在40°~90°范围内,与三维反演方法相比,一维反演方法构建的特征点x向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为55.8%;当入射方向与某个水平坐标轴平行时,二维反演方法构建的特征点另一个水平向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为100%。介质泊松比增大,一维反演下x向自由场偏差减小,二维反演下x向自由场偏差增大,特征点位移峰值最大偏差分别为46%和36%。与基于地震动三维反演方法获得的心墙拉应力最大值相比,二维和一维反演下拉应力最大值分别减小了83.3%和20.0%。

Inversion of Seabed Geotechnical Properties in the Arctic Chukchi Deep Sea Basin Based on Time Domain Adaptive Search Matching Algorithm

The chirp sub-bottom profiler,for its high resolution,easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness,has been widely used in acoustic detection.In this paper,the acoustic impedance and grain size compositions were obtained based on the chirp sub-bottom profiler data collected in the Chukchi Plateau area during the 11th Arctic Expedition of China.The time-domain adaptive search matching algorithm was used and validated on our established theoretical model.The misfit between the inversion result and the theoretical model is less than 0.067%.The grain size was calculated according to the empirical relationship between the acoustic impedance and the grain size of the sediment.The average acoustic impedance of sub-seafloor strata is 2.5026×10^(6) kg(s m^(2))^(-1)and the average grain size(θvalue)of the seafloor surface sediment is 7.1498,indicating the predominant occurrence of very fine silt sediment in the study area.Comparison of the inversion results and the laboratory measurements of nearby borehole samples shows that they are in general agreement.

一种融合字词双通道的Domain-Flux僵尸网络检测方法

Domain-Flux是僵尸网络中常用的一种命令与控制信道隐蔽技术,其能有效躲避网络安全设备的检测。针对现有检测方法中对Domain-Flux域名信息提取不全面,无法有效捕获词典类域名关键分类特征的问题,提出了一种融合字词双通道的Domain-Flux僵尸网络检测方法。在字符向量和词根向量两个通道上分别采用卷积神经网络(CNN)和双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)提取局部特征和全局特征,丰富输入域名的特征信息,提升分类性能。其中,字符向量通道针对随机字符域名提取局部空间特征,而词根向量通道基于TF-IDF算法,引入类内因子将词根重要性加权到词向量中,然后提取域名单词组合序列前后的时序特征。实验结果表明,与单一采用TextCNN或BiLSTM的模型相比,融合字词双通道的模型检测准确率分别提高7.12%和5.86%,针对词典类Domain-Flux的检测也具有更高的精确率。

基于傅里叶变换的振动切削刀具振幅测量方法

振动切削在当今时代的制造业越来越普遍,而振动切削的关键参数刀具振幅又因能量损失而无法避免,为了能保证良好的切削效果,需要知道实际切削过程中的刀具振幅。目前普遍使用激光测振仪测量振动切削的刀具振幅,但设备较为昂贵。为了实现对振动切削刀具振幅经济有效的测量,提出了一种利用加速度传感器测量振动切削刀具振幅的测量方法。利用加速度传感器获得刀具振动方向的加速度,通过傅里叶变换和频域二次积分以及傅里叶反变换,将加速度信号积分为振幅信号。根据实验结果可知,本测量系统的测量误差低于0.8%。

基于DNN的煤矿富水区探测反演方法研究

提出了一种基于DNN的煤矿富水区探测反演算法,该算法可以快速准确地实现煤矿富水区二维分布模型的重建。首先,利用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)获得不同分布模型的数值解;随后,依据数据样本搭建网络框架,网络的输入主要为电场分量,输出为相应的模型电导率参数。通过对神经网络进行训练,得到网络的最优系数,随后对富水区分布进行反演预测;结果表明:DNN算法在单个小目标异常体反演中,可以有效克服BP神经网络模型失效的问题,且对于多目标异常体的反演效果更加准确。另外,相同数据集下,DNN的训练耗时与预测耗时也少于BP神经网络。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效提高煤矿富水区探测效率。

自适应调零天线动态性能影响因素研究

本文针对卫星导航接收机的功率倒置(PI)算法在动态环境下受到最优权值处理速度的制约,导致动态抗干扰性能下降这一个问题,通过建立动态仿真环境,以七阵元均匀圆阵作为天线布阵的仿真模型,研究了不同权值更新速率对动态抗干扰性能的影响,证明了权值更新速率的提升对动态抗干扰性能也有相应的提高。并且分析了在不同快拍数以及不同时域抽头数对动态抗干扰性能的影响,证明了可以通过适当选择快拍数和时域抽头数来提高权值更新速率。本研究为建立更加完善的工程实现方案提供了理论依据,对存在类似需求的空时自适应调零天线抗干扰系统具有一定的参考价值。

基于L1+L2混合范数频域三维重力场反演方法

三维重力反演被广泛应用于矿产资源勘探和深部密度结构研究,然而传统空间域三维重力场反演方法存在着深度分辨率低、多解性强和计算效率低的问题,影响了地质解释的准确性和可信度.本文针对上述不足,提出基于混合范数正则化约束的频域三维重力场反演方法.首先构建基于深度加权和L1+L2混合范数的模型目标函数.并在反演迭代过程中,采用频域三维重力场正演方法更新模型,将传统空间域三维重力场反演中稠密雅可比矩阵的存储和计算等问题转化为频域正演,大幅度降低内存占用.此外使用高精度高斯型数值积分代替传统快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)算法中的矩形积分,以保证频域正演方法的计算精度.模型试验表明,相比于传统空间域基于L2范数光滑约束反演方法以及基于L1范数聚焦反演方法,本文反演方法能有效降低三维重力反演的"趋肤效应"和拖尾现象,能恢复出更复杂地质模型,且反演结果更接近真实模型.最后将该方法应用到加拿大魁北克省诺兰达市的Mobrun硫化物矿体三维密度成像,结果显示该矿体深度范围约15~170 m,与前人钻井数据所得深度范围一致,证明了方法的有效性.