Electrical Performance Study of a Large Area Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer

In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to study the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell at outdoor conditions. The electrical performance is mainly described by measuring both cell short circuit current and open circuit voltage. The measurements of this cell by using multimeters suffer from some problems because the cell has high current intensity with low output voltage. So, the solar cell short circuit current values are obtained by measuring the voltage developed across a known resistance Current Shunt. Samples of the obtained current values are accurately calibrated by using a Micropotentiometer (μpot) thermal element (TE) to validate this new measuring technique. Moreover, the solar cell open circuit voltage has been measured. Besides, the cell output power has been calculated and can be correlated with the measured incident radiation.

Temperature Effects on the Electrical Performance of Large Area Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using the Current Shunt Measuring Technique

The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5oC up to 50oC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed.

Large-area perovskite films for PV applications:A perspective from nucleation and crystallization

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted significant research interest due to the rapid rise in efficiency.However,a large efficiency gap still exists between laboratory-based small devices and industrialoriented large-scale modules.One of the main reasons for the efficiency losses is the degraded quality and morphology of the deposited large-area films,which is closely associated with crystallization processes.In this review,we discuss the nucleation and crystallization processes in solution and vaporbased up-scaling deposition methods for large-area perovskite films.We review recent scientific achievements and technical developments that have been made in the field of large-area cells.We present the existing problems that limit the performance of large devices and extensively discuss the key influencing parameters from the perspective of nucleation and crystallization over large areas.This review highlights the importance of crystallization control in up-scaling fabrications and presents promising strategies towards large-area perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.

Investigation on Open-Circuit Voltage of an Efficiency-Boosting Solar Cell Technique Featuring V-Configuration

The V-Shaped Module (VSM) solar cell technology, which breaks the traditional concept of solar cell system, has been proven to enhance power conversion efficiency of some solar cells and has offered opportunities to increase generation power densities in area-limited applications. Compared to a planar cell system, the VSM has an additional opportunity to absorb photons and taps the potential of solar cells. In this study, the VSM, the proposed common technique enhancing efficiencies of various solar cells, was investigated by using commercially available multi-crystalline silicon solar cells. The VSM technique enables the efficiencies of the multi-crystalline silicon cells to increase from 13.4% to 20.2%, giving an efficiency boost of 51%. Though the efficiency of the cells increases, the open-circuit voltage of the cells decreases owing to the VSM technique. Furthermore, the obvious reduction in open-circuit voltage in the VSM was found and the phenomenon is explained for the first time.

大面积有机–无机杂化钙钛矿薄膜及其光伏应用研究进展

有机–无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池具有制备成本低、光电转换效率(Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency,PCE)高的巨大优势,显示出广阔的商业化前景。经过十几年的深入研究,钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite Solar Cells,PSCs)的实验室器件(<1 cm^(2))、大面积器件(1~10 cm^(2))、迷你模组级器件(10~800 cm^(2))和模组级器件(>800 cm^(2))的最高认证PCE已分别提升至26.10%、24.35%、22.40%和18.60%。随着PSCs面积扩大,PCE急剧下降,这主要是因为制备方法的局限性,难以获得高质量的大面积钙钛矿薄膜。实验室器件常采用的旋涂法难以应用到实际生产中,目前大面积钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法主要有刮涂法和狭缝涂布法,但其存在薄膜成核结晶过程难以精确控制等问题。本文从大面积有机–无机杂化钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法入手,介绍了大面积钙钛矿层成膜机制及薄膜质量提升策略。最后,对未来高PCE、高稳定性的大面积PSCs的制备技术和应用进行了展望,旨在对高性能的大面积PSCs研究提供有益参考。

原子层沉积金属氧化物缓冲层制备高性能大面积钙钛矿太阳电池

研制具有较大活性面积的钙钛矿太阳电池对领域面向产业化的发展具有重要意义.当前,大面积钙钛矿太阳电池的性能与小面积钙钛矿太阳电池之间仍存在较大差距.本文提出一种在透明导电薄膜衬底上预先原子层沉积TiO_(2)薄层的策略,有效避免了衬底局部突起与钙钛矿吸光层直接接触导致的漏电现象,提升了小面积器件制备工艺的重复一致性.改善的电子输运和光管理过程也提高了小面积器件的效率.更重要的是,本文基于原子层沉积的TiO_(2)开展了0.5 cm^(2)大面积钙钛矿太阳电池的研究,通过优化TiO_(2)层的厚度,研制出光电转换效率高达24.8%的冠军器件(第三方认证效率24.65%),器件的制备工艺也表现出较好的重复性.此外,原子层沉积了TiO_(2)缓冲层的电池器件在氮气氛围下存储1500 h后仍然能够保留初始性能的95%以上.总之,在粗糙衬底上预先原子层沉积TiO_(2)薄层可以有效抑制局部漏电通道的产生,有利于制备高性能的大面积钙钛矿太阳电池.

Large area perovskite solar cell module

The recent dramatic rise in power conversion efficiencies（PCE）of perovskite solar cells has triggered intense research worldwide.However,their practical development is hampered by poor stability and low PCE values with large areas devices.Here,we developed a gas-pumping method to avoid pinholes and eliminate local structural defects over large areas of perovskite film,even for 5 × 5 cm^2 modules,the PCE reached 10.6%and no significant degradation was found after 140 days of outdoor testing.Our approach enables the realization of high performance large-area PSCs for practical application.

Large-area, Flexible Polymer Solar Cell Based on Silver Nanowires as Transparent Electrode by Roll-to-Roll Printing

Conventional organic solar cell＇s （OSC） architectures, including rigid transparent substrate （Glass）, conductive electrode （Indium tin oxide, ITO） and small working areas, are widely utilized in organic photovoltaic fields. However, such a structure as well as conventional spin-coating method obviously restrict their industrial application. In this article, we report the deposition of silver nanowires （AgNWs） on the flexible substrate by slot-die printing. The obtained AgNWs films exhibited a high transmittance and a low resistance, and were further used as the transparent conductive electrode ofOSCs. A typical conjugated polymer, poly[（2-5-bis（2-hexyldecyloxy）phenylene）-alt-（5,6-difluoro-4,7-di（thiophen-2-yl）benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole）] （PPDT2FBT）, was used as the active material to fabricate large-area （7 cm2） solar cells by a slot-die coating process. The power conversion efficiency （PCE） could reach 1.87% initially and further increased to 3.04% by thermal annealing. Compared to the performance of reference cell on ITO substrate, the result indicated that the AgNWs could be developed as an alternative substitute of conductive electrode to fabricate the large-area flexible OSCs by roll-to-roll printing.

Efficient organic-inorganic hybrid cathode interfacial layer enabled by polymeric dopant and its application in large-area polymer solar cells

An organic-inorganic hybrid cathode interfacial layer(CIL) was developed by doping ZnO with the naphthalene-diimide based derivative NDI-PFNBr. It was found the resulting organic-inorganic hybrid CIL showed apparently improved conductivity and could act as an effective cathode interlayer to modify indium tin oxide(ITO) transparent electrodes. As a result, by employing the blend of PTB7-Th:PC71BM as the photoactive layer, the inverted polymer solar cells(PSCs) exhibited a remarkable enhancement of power conversion efficiency(PCE) from 8.52% for the control device to 10.04% for the device fabricated with the hybrid CIL. Moreover, all device parameters were simultaneously improved by using this hybrid CIL. The improved open-circuit voltage(VOC) was attributed to the reduced work function of the ITO cathode, whereas the enhancements in fill factor(FF) and short-circuit current density(JSC) were assigned to the increased conductivity and more effective charge extraction and collection at interface. Encouragingly, when the thickness of the hybrid CIL was increased to 80 nm, the resulting device could still keep a PCE of 8.81%, exhibiting less thickness dependence. Considering these advantages, 16 and 93 cm2large-area PSCs modules were successfully fabricated from the hybrid CIL by using doctor-blade coating techniques and yielded a remarkable PCE of8.05% and 4.49%, respectively. These results indicated that the hybrid CIL could be a promising candidate to serve as the cathode interlayer for high-performance large-area inverted PSCs.

Comparison of Physical Isolation on Large Active Area Perovskite Solar Cells

To reduce the quadratic scaling of the series resistance(R)and sheet resistance(Rs)of the devices,physi-cal isolation of the large area devices into small pieces has been proven to be a reliable and cost-efficient patterning technique.In this paper,we got an interesting result that the physical isolation did not show obvious effct on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)when fixing the active area.Three different isolation types,unetched ITO,etched ITO,and laser etching whole devices,have been induced to investigate the physical isolation roles.The results show that the electrons and holes could be collected efficiently in active area for all the isolation types.The proposed mechanism illustrates that the nonradiative recombination and recombination of electrons and hole in inactive area do not influence the performance of devices.This work may open a new way for the commer-cialization of PSCs by reducing the complex process and the etching costs.

再生处理手段对p型多晶PERC太阳电池性能及热辅助光诱导衰减(LeTID)的影响

该文实验采用p型多晶PERC太阳电池,通过调整产线链式光注入(LS)设备中的风机功率和传送带速实现对光注入温度和时间的控制。结果表明,增加光注入的时间和温度能使太阳电池获得更好的效率稳定性。对比研究光注入以及先电注入后光注入两种再生处理手段对p型多晶硅PERC太阳电池抗热辅助光诱导衰减(LeTID)效应的影响。研究结果表明,光注入能使太阳电池中存在的非复合活性的缺陷前驱体在高强度光热的条件下解离或将其转化为稳定的缺陷。在75℃,1 sun的标准LeTID稳定性测试条件下,结合电注入与光注入再生处理手段的样品表现出更佳的LeTID稳定性。

钙钛矿电池氧化镍空穴传输层制备及优化综述

近年,钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转化效率不断的刷新纪录,目前认证效率已经达到25.7%。因其优良特性众多,越来越受到人们的青睐,源源不断的人力、物力投入到相关研究当中,钙钛矿太阳能电池的巨大魅力也逐渐展现在人们面前。本文详细介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展,重点阐述了空穴传输层在大面积柔性器件制备过程中起的关键作用,总结了氧化镍空穴传输层的制备方法,最后分析了目前大面积柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池产业化面临的挑战,并提出了解决技术瓶颈的合理化建议,希望对研究者有所裨益。

大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池制备方法综述

近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池因其制造成本低、生产技术相对简单、且具有良好的光电转换性能而受到广大研究者们的重视。大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池的产业化发展是提高太阳能源利用率、带动经济发展,应对气候变化的有效方式。但目前,高效率的钙钛矿太阳能电池均为实验室制备的小面积电池,不适用于大面积生产;因此,实现钙钛矿太阳能电池的产业化,就需要对大面积器件的制备技术方法进行探索和优化。本文聚焦于大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池制备方法,从3个方面展开:首先介绍了钙钛矿材料及太阳能电池结构,其次对大面积制备技术方法进行了介绍和比较,再次针对实现大面积高性能器件的一个关键技术钙钛矿油墨设计,开展了深入介绍和讨论。最后,本文对大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池制备方法存在的问题进行了讨论,并对未来发展进行了展望。

钙钛矿太阳能电池大面积组件制备的研究进展

从钙钛矿太阳能电池单体器件出发介绍了大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池组件的结构和工作原理,以及构成钙钛矿太阳能电池组件的各个部分所用典型材料及其常用的制备方法。根据大面积组件制备的需要结合稳定性因素的考量,对材料及制备方法的选用做出以流水线生产为目的的发展趋势预测,以指导未来钙钛矿太阳能电池的实际生产。

太阳能电池用硅材料的研究现状与发展趋势

根据太阳电池用硅材料的结晶形态,可分为单晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅,分别综述了它们的特点、研究历史、现状和最新成果,并讨论了太阳电池用硅材料的有关问题与发展趋势。3种形态的硅各有优缺点和使用领域,并且随技术的发展不断完善,多晶硅、硅带、晶态薄膜硅以其高性价比将成为光伏市场的主打材料。

多晶硅太阳电池用SiN薄膜的研究进展

SiN薄膜因为具有良好的减反射性质和钝化作用,已经越来越广泛地应用于多晶硅太阳电池的制造工艺中。介绍了SiN薄膜在硅太阳电池中的性质,制备方法等研究现状,同时提出了存在的问题并展望了今后的发展趋势。

多晶Si太阳电池表面酸腐蚀制绒的研究

研究了采用HF和HNO3非择优腐蚀多晶硅表面制备绒面的机理。通过实验分析了酸混合液的体积浓度配比、添加剂、温度和时间等因素对腐蚀速率和腐蚀后表面形貌的影响;总结出了多晶Si的酸腐蚀规律,得到了制备理想绒面的酸混合液体积配比(V(HF):V(HNO3):V(CH3COOH)=1∶12∶6)。在此基础上提出了优化设计方案:采用廉价的水代替醋酸作为缓蚀剂,腐蚀过程置于超声槽中进行,利用超声波的振动使反应生成的气泡快速脱离多晶Si片表面,同时使腐蚀液浓度分布更加均匀,从而制备出效果更佳的多晶Si绒面。

多晶硅表面制绒技术研究现状

光伏产业在新能源发展规划中占有重要地位,目前多晶硅太阳能电池已经成为太阳能电池市场主流。硅片表面绒面的质量对太阳能电池转换效率有重要影响,多晶硅表面制绒技术也越来越受到世界各国的重视。掌握多晶硅表面制绒技术的原理及特点对提高表面绒面质量十分重要。首先分析多晶硅表面制绒的技术要求,随后根据不同的技术原理,依次对干法制绒技术、湿法制绒技术以及掩膜制绒技术进行综述,详细分析不同制绒技术的技术特点并阐述其应用实例,随后从绒面质量、制绒效率、成本以及环保性等方面对多晶硅制绒技术进行评述,最后对多晶硅制绒技术的发展趋势进行预测。

多孔硅多晶硅太阳电池研究

多晶硅太阳电池是目前世界光伏产业发展的重点 ,由于多晶硅不同的晶粒取向的差异 ,使传统的单晶硅绒面制备技术不能用于多晶硅太阳电池。多孔硅技术是适于多晶硅的廉价表面减反射膜技术。文章研究了多孔硅技术在多晶硅太阳电池中的应用 ,用化学腐蚀法制备了多孔硅 ,成功制备了效率达 1 0 .72

大面积高效率空间用三结砷化镓太阳电池的研究

通过在电池中引入布拉格反射器,提高电池抗带电子辐照能力,经辐照后使电池最大功率平均衰减小于18%。优化上电极栅线结构,当金属栅线面积占电池面积的3.0%时,电池平均短路电流为456.2mA。优化TiO_x/AlO_x双层减反射膜结构,短波300~500nm范围内电池表面反射率小于30%。采用以上结构最终制备出面积为26.8cm^2的空间用三结砷化镓太阳电池,批产平均转换效率为29.61%,最大转换效率30.15%。