Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Remodeling Index in Patients with Hypertensive Heart Disease and Coronary Artery Disease

Left ventricular remodeling index （LVRI） was assessed in patients with hypertensive heart disease （HHD） and coronary artery disease （CAD） by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography （RT3DE）. RT3DE data of 18 patients with HHD, 20 patients with CAD and 22 normal controis （NC） were acquired. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume （EDV） and left ventricular end-diastolic epicardial volume （EDVepi） were detected by RT3DE and two-dimensional echocardiography Simpson biplane method （2DE）. LVRI （left ventricular mass/EDV） was calculated and compared. The results showed that LVRI measurements detected by RT3DE and 2DE showed significant differences inter-groups （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference in NC group （P〉0.05）, but significant difference in HHD and CAD intra-group （P〈0.05）. There was good positive correlations between LVRI detected by RT3DE and 2DE in NC and HHD groups （t=0.69, P〈0.01; r=0.68, P〈0.01）, but no significant correlation in CAD group （r=0.30, P〉0.05）. It was concluded that LVRI derived from RT3DE as a new index for evaluating left ventricular remodeling can provide more superiority to LVRI derived from 2DE.

Heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in older patients with chronic kidney disease: the China Hypertension Survey (2012‒2015)

Background Heart failure(HF)is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality for older chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients.However,the epidemiological data is scarce.We aimed to determine the prevalence of left ventricular(LV)dysfunction and HF,and to explore the risk factors for HF among those patients.Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of the China Hypertension Survey conducted between October 2012 and December 2015.A total of 5,808 participants aged≥65 years were included in the analysis.Self-reported history of HF and any other cardiovascular diseases was acquired.2-D and Doppler echocardiography were used to assess LV dysfunction.CKD was defined as either estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(ACR)≥30 mg/g.Results Among CKD patients aged≥65 years,the weighted prevalence of HF,heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF),heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction(HFmrEF),and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)was 4.8%,2.5%,0.8%,and 1.7%,respectively.The weighted prevalence of HF was 5.0%in patients with eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2,and was 5.9%in patients with ACR≥30 mg/g.The prevalence of LV systolic dysfunction was 3.1%,and while it was 8.9%for moderate/severe diastolic dysfunction.Multivariate analysis showed that smoking was significantly associated with the risk of HF.Furthermore,age,smoking,and residents in rural areas were significantly associated with a risk of LV diastolic dysfunction.Conclusions The prevalence of HF and LV dysfunction was high in older patients with CKD,suggesting that particular strategies will be required.

IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE,CORONARY FLOW RESERVE IS SIMILARLY IMPAIRED

Coronary blood flow reserve (CFR) was assessed by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects (group A. n=20),hypertensive non-left ventricular hypertrophy (non-LVH)Patients (group B,n=22). hypertensive patients with LVH(group C.n=32)and coronary heart disease patients (group D. n=33) with the volume sample placed at the bifurcation of the left main and left main and left descending coronary artery. Coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV)was evaluated at rest.2 minutes after dipyridamole (0. 56mg/kg. i. v.) . and 2 minutes after aminophylline i.v. The ratio of dipyridamole to rest maximal diastolic velocity (D/R PDV) was considered the index of coronary blood flow reserve.It was found that D/R PDV was significantly less in groups C and D compared with that in groups A and B (D PDC,1.84±0. 57. 1. 57±0. 41 versus 2.59±0.70 and 2.22+0.58,respectively),with no difference in D/R PDV between groups C and D.Twenty-four out of 32 patients in group C with D/R PDV were less than 2.0 compared to 29 out of 33 patients in group D (P>0.05).Significant negative correlation was found between D/R PDV. D/R PSV and interseptal thickness. left ventricular mass index in hypertensive patients.These data show that impaired CFR in hypertensive patients with LVH is comparable to that in patients with coronary heart disease.

Correlation between three-dimensional speckle tracking parameters and serum index changes during left ventricular remodeling in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective:To study the correlation between three-dimensional speckle tracking parameters and serum index changes during left ventricular remodeling in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris in our hospital between March 2015 and May 2017 were selected as the CHD group of the study, and the healthy subjects who received medical examination in our hospital during the same period were taken as the control group;the three-dimensional speckle tracking parameters, peripheral blood signal molecule expression as well as serum cytokine and collagen metabolism index levels of the two groups were measured.Results: GLS and AGS levels in CHD group were significantly lower than those in control group whereas GCS and GRS levels were not significantly different from those in control group, and peripheral blood Notch1, Hes1, NF-κB and PKC expression intensity as well as serum sTWEAK, FGF23, TGF-β1, GDF15, sSema4D, CaN, MMP14, PINP and ICTP contents were significantly higher than those of control group;GLS and AGS levels in CHD group were negatively correlated with peripheral blood Notch1, Hes1, NF-κB and PKC expression intensity as well as serum sTWEAK, FGF23, TGF-β1, GDF15, sSema4D, CaN, MMP14, PINP and ICTP contents.Conclusions:The changes of three-dimensional speckle tracking parameters GLS and AGS in patients with coronary heart disease are closely related to the changes in signal pathway function, cytokine secretion and collagen metabolism during left ventricular remodeling.

Effects of telmisartan combined with nifedipine controlled release tablet on inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial function and left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease with mild to moderate hypertension

Objective: To investigate the effect of telmisartan combined with Nifedipine Controlled Release Tablet on inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial function and left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease with mild to moderate hypertension. Methods:A total of 92 cases of patients with coronary heart disease with mild to moderate hypertension were selected as the object of observation, according to the random data table, they were divided into the control group (n=46) and observation group (n=46), and patients in the control group were treated with Nifedipine Controlled Release Table therapy, on this basis, the observation group patients were given telmisartan treatment, two groups were treated for 6 months. The levels of the blood pressure, inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial function and left ventricular function compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: There were no significant differences in the levels of SBP, DBP, hs-CRP, TNF-α, NO, ET-1, LVEF, LVEDD and LVESD in the two groups before treatment. After treatment, two groups of SBP, DBP, hs-CRP, TNF-α, ET-1, LVEDD and LVESD levels were significantly lower than those in the same group before treatment, and after treatment, the levels of SBP, DBP, hs-CRP, TNF-α, ET-1 and LVESD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while there were no significant difference in the level of LVEDD between the two groups after treatment;Compared with level in the group before treatment, the levels of NO and LVEF in the two groups were significantly increased, and the observation group [(82.13±19.01) μmol/L, (52.83±7.45)%] was significantly higher than the control group ((67.37±13.08) μmol/L, (49.47±6.96)%)Conclusion: Telmisartan combined with Nifedipine Controlled Release Table in treating coronary heart disease with mild to moderate hypertension, can effectively control blood pressure, reduce the inflammatory stress, improve vascular endothelial function and left ventricular function of patients, has an important clinical value.

Animal models of pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease

Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease(PH-LHD) is regarded as the most prevalent form of pulmonary hypertension(PH). Indeed, PH is an independent risk factor and predicts adverse prognosis for patients with left heart disease(LHD). Clinically, there are no drugs or treatments that directly address PH-LHD, and treatment of LHD alone will not also ameliorate PH. To target the underlying physiopathological alterations of PH-LHD and to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this population, animal models that simulate the pathophysiology of PH-LHD are required. There are several available models for PH-LHD that have been successfully employed in rodents or large animals by artificially provoking an elevated pressure load on the left heart, which by transduction elicits an escalated pressure in pulmonary artery. In addition, metabolic derangement combined with aortic banding or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist is also currently applied to reproduce the phenotype of PH-LHD. As of today, none of the animal models exactly recapitulates the condition of patients with PH-LHD. Nevertheless, the selection of an appropriate animal model is essential in basic and translational studies of PH-LHD. Therefore, this review will summarize the characteristics of each PH-LHD animal model and discuss the advantages and limitations of the different models.

Frequency domain cardiography and radionuclide ventriculography for evaluation of left ventricular function in coronary artery disease

Fifty-six patients with chest pain underwent selective coronaryangiography,radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) and frequency domaincardiography (FCG) to evaluate left ventricular function in coronary artery dis-ease (CAD).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of FCG were 87.5%,77.8%and 82.9%,respectively,which were slightly less than those of RNV (92.5%,88.9% and 90.8%,respectively).The changes of FCG scores were negatively corre-lated with changes of LVEF (r=-0.586,P【0.01),and TS (r=-0.679,P【0.01).These results indicate that FCG may be useful for the evaluation of leftventricular function in patients with CAD.

Ultrasonographic assessment of cardiac function and disease severity in coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease(CHD)causes many adverse cardiovascular events and poses a threat to the patient’s health and quality of life.AIM To evaluate ultrasonography for evaluation of cardiac function and lesion degree in patients with CHD.METHODS A total of 106 patients with CHD(study group)and 106 healthy individuals(control group)in our hospital from March 2019 to September 2020 were selected for this study.All subjects were examined by ultrasound,and the mitral orifice’s early-to-late diastolic blood flow velocity ratio(E/A),left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVDd),and left atrial diameter(LAD)were measured.Values were compared between the study group and healthy group,and the correlation between the ultrasonic parameters of patients with different cardiac function grades and the degree of CHD were assessed.In addition,the ultrasonic parameters of patients with different prognoses were compared after a follow-up for 6 mo.RESULTS E/A(1.46±0.34)of the study group was smaller than that of the control group(1.88±0.44),while LVDd(58.24±5.05 mm)and LAD(43.31±4.38 mm)were larger(48.15±3.93 and 34.94±2.81,respectively;P<0.05).E/A for patients with grade III disease(1.41±0.43)was smaller and their LVDd(60.04±4.21 mm)and LA(44.16±2.79 mm)were larger than those in patients with grade II disease(1.71±0.48,52.18±3.67 mm,and 39.68±2.37,respectively;P<0.05).Patients with grade IV disease had smaller E/A(1.08±0.39)and larger LVDd(66.81±5.39 mm)and LAD(48.81±3.95 mm)than patients with grade II and III disease(P<0.05).In patients with moderate disease,E/A(1.44±0.41)was smaller and LVDd(59.95±4.14 mm)and LAD(45.15±2.97 mm)were larger than in patients with mild disease(1.69±0.50,51.97±3.88 and 38.81±2.56 mm,respectively;P<0.05).In patients with severe disease,E/A(1.13±0.36)was smaller and LVDd(67.70±6.11 mm)and LAD(49.09±4.05 mm)were larger than in patients with moderate disease(P<0.05).E/A was negatively correlated with cardiac function classi-fication and disease severity,while LVDd and LAD were positively correlated with cardiac function classification and disease severity(P<0.05).E/A(1.83±0.51)for patients with good prognosis was higher than that for those with poor prognosis(1.39±0.32),while LVDd(49.60±4.39 mm)and LAD(36.13±3.05 mm)were lower(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The ultrasonic parameters of patients with CHD are abnormal,and differ significantly in patients with different cardiac function grades,lesion degree,and prognosis.

Heart failure in subjects with chronic kidney disease:Best management practices

Renal dysfunction is common in patients with heart failure(HF) and can complicate HF therapy.Treating patients with HF and kidney disease is difficult and requires careful assessment,monitoring and balancing of risk between potential benefits of treatment and adverse impact on renal function.In this review,we address the pathophysiological contexts and management options in this adversarial relation between the heart and the kidney,which exists in a substantial proportion of HF patients.Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers are associated with similar reductions in mortality in patients with and without renal insufficiency but usually are less often prescribed in patients with renal insufficiency.Careful monitoring of side effects and renal function should be done in all patients with renal insufficiency and prompt measures should be adopted to prevent further complications.

Meta-analysis on Efficacy of Yiqi Huoxue Chinese Drugs in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease after Coronary Revascularization

[Objectives] To make a systematic evaluation on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Yiqi Huoxue traditional Chinese drugs combined with western medicine in treatment of coronary heart disease( CHD) after coronary revascularization. [Methods] The literatures were retrieved from China Knowledge Infrastructure( CNKI),Chinese science and technology journal full-text database( VIP database,VIP),Wanfang Data,the Chinese biomedical Database,Pub Med,Embase,and the Cochrane Library. The retrieval time was set to the creation of the database to January 2017. The randomized controlled trial( RCT) was conducted on the comparison between Yiqi Huoxue Chinese drugs combined with western medicine and the western medicine alone in the treatment of CHD after coronary revascularization. The literature information was extracted and the methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the bias risk assessment tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Meta-analysis was performed with the aid of Rev Man 5. 3 software. Coronary artery restenosis rate,angina pectoris treatment efficiency,left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic volume( LVEDV),B-type natriuretic peptide( BNP),6-minute walk test( 6 MWT),and adverse reactions were analyzed. [Results] A total of 29 articles were included,a total of2 518 patients,the literature quality was low. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the treatment by western medicine alone,Yiqi Huoxue Chinese drugs combined with western medicine could further reduce coronary restenosis rate[RR = 0. 45,95% CI( 0. 34,0. 60),P <0. 000 01],improve the angina pectoris treatment efficiency[RR = 1. 13,95% CI( 1. 05,1. 21),P = 0. 000 5],raise LVEF[WMD = 4. 25,95% CI( 3. 46,5. 04),P < 0. 000 01],reduce LVEDV[WMD =-10. 41,95% CI(-17. 88,-2. 95),P = 0. 006],decrease the plasma BNP level[WMD =-32. 32,95% CI(-44. 92,-19. 72),P < 0. 000 01],and increase 6 MWT distance(WMD = 62. 25,95% CI( 21. 71,102. 78),P = 0. 003)[Conclusions]Yiqi Huoxue Chinese drugs combined with western medicine can alleviate the symptoms of angina pectoris,reduce the rate of coronary restenosis,improve heart function and improve exercise capacity,thereby improving clinical efficacy in patients with CHD after coronary revascularization.

Effect of Different Styles of Coronary Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors on Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction

Objectives To evaluate the effect of different styles of coronary heart disease （CHD）, different regions of acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, its risk factors and branches of coronary stenosis on left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction by applying echocardiography. Methods 251 patients with CHD and 96 patients without CHD （NoCHD） were verified by selective coronary angiography. CHD patients were divided into stable angina pectoris （SAP） 26, unstable angina pectoris（UAP） 53, acute myocardial infarction （AMI） 140 and old myocardial infarction （OMI） 30 based on clinical situation, cTnT, cardiac enzyme and ECG. AMI patients were further divided into subgroups including acute anterior myocardial infarct （Aa,n = 53）, acute inferior myocardial infarction （Ai, n=54） and Aa＋Ai （n=33） based on ECG. Cardiac parameters： end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness（IVSd）, end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter （LVd）, left ventricular mass （LM）, end-diastolic left ventricular volume （EDV）, end-systolic left ventricular volume （ESV） and left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） were measured by ACUSON 128XP/10 echocardiography. Multiples linear regression analyses were performed to test statistical associations between LVEF and the involved branches of coronary stenosis, blood pressure, lipids, glucose and etc after onset of myocardial infarction. Results EDV and ESV were increased and LVEF decreased on patients with AMI,OMI and UAP （P〈0.05-0.0001）. LM was mainly increased in patients with OMI （P〈0.01） and LVd was mainly enlarged in patients with AMI. EF was significantly decreased and EDV, ESV, LM and LVd were remarkably increased in AMI patients with Aa and Aa＋Ai. With the multiple linear regression analyses by SPSS software, we found that LVEF was negatively correlated to the involved branches of coronary stenosis as well as to systolic blood pressure after onset of myocardial infarction while there was no significant correlation between LVEF and other factors. LVEF was significantly decreased, and LVd and LM increased in AMI patients with antecedent hypertension, compared to patients without hypertension （P〈0.001）. Conclusions Effects of different styles of CHD and different regions of AMI on left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function are different. Myocardial infarction, especially Aa and Aa＋Ai, is one of the most important causes of left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Multiple vessel stenosis and systolic blood pressure at the onset of myocardial infarction reduce LVEF in AMI patients. Antecedent hypertension may accelerate the effect of AMI on cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Therefore primary and secondary preventions of CHD are critical for protecting heart from remodeling and dysfunction.

Double-chambered left ventricle with a thrombus in an asymptomatic patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Double-chambered left ventricle(DCLV)is an extremely rare congenital disease in which the left ventricle(LV)is divided by abnormal muscle tissue.Due to its rarity,there is a lack of data on the disease,including its diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.Accordingly,we report a case in which DCLV was diagnosed and followed up.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old man presented to our hospital due to abnormal findings on an electrocardiogram recorded during a health check.He had no specific cardiac symptoms,comorbidities or relevant past medical history.Echocardiography revealed that the LV was divided into two by muscle fibers.There were no findings of ischemia on coronary angiography and coronary computed tomography angiography performed to exclude differential diagnoses.After comprehensive analysis of the images,DCLV was diagnosed.As it seemed to be asymptomatic DCLV,we decided the patient was to be observed without administering any medication.However,follow-up echocardiography revealed a thrombus in the accessory chamber(AC).Anticoagulant medication was initiated,the thrombus resolved,and the patient is currently undergoing follow-up without any specific symptoms.CONCLUSION Asymptomatic,uncomplicated DCLV was diagnosed through multimodal imaging;however,a thrombus in the AC occurred during the follow-up.The findings highlight that multimodal imaging is essential in diagnosing DCLV,and that anticoagulation is important in its management.

Preferred Revascularization Strategies in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis

Clinically,coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)is generally used to treat patients with ischemic heart failure.However, the optimal treatment strategy remains unknown.This study examined the efficacy of the two coronary revascularization strategies for severe ischemic heart failure by using a meta-analysis.Studies comparing the efficacy of CABG and PCI were obtained from PubMed,EMBASE,Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).The quality of each eligible article was evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS),and the meta-analysis was performed using Stata version 12.0 software.Eventually,12 studies involving 9248 patients (n=4872 in CABG group;n=4376 in PCI group)were subject to the meta-analysis for subsequent pooling calculation.The pooled hazard ratio (HR)[HR=0.83,95%CI (0.76,0.90),P<0.001; heterogeneity,P=0.218,I^2=22.9%]of CABG compared with that of PCI revealed a statistical superiority of CABG to PCI in terms of the long-term mortality.Furthermore, CABG showed more advantages over PCI with respect to the incidence of myocardial infarction [HR=0.51,95%CI (0.39,0.67),P<0.001;heterogeneity,P=-0.707,I^2=0%]and repeat revascularization [HR=0.40,95%CI (0.27,0.59),P<0.001;heterogeneity,P<0.001, I^2=80.1%].It was concluded that CABG appears to be more advantageous than PCI for the treatment of ischemic heart failure in the given clinical setting.

冠状动脉CT血管造影预测冠心病患者发生左心室重构及远期心血管不良事件的价值

目的分析冠状动脉CT血管造影预测冠心病患者发生左心室重构及远期心血管不良事件的价值。方法选取郑州大学第一附属医院2021年1月至2022年7月诊治的120例冠心病患者,随访1 a,根据左心室重构发生情况分为左心室重构组(26例)、无左心室重构组(94例),根据心血管不良事件发生情况分为发生组(24例)、未发生组(96例)。比较不同组别患者冠状动脉CT血管造影结果,分析冠状动脉CT血管造影预测冠心病患者发生左心室重构及远期心血管不良事件的价值。结果左心室重构组、无左心室重构组在冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度和高危斑块特征方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发生组、未发生组斑块总体积、钙化斑块体积、非钙化斑块体积、病变长度、斑块负荷比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,冠状动脉CT血管造影在预测冠心病患者发生左心室重构及远期心血管不良事件中具有较高的价值。结论冠状动脉CT血管造影在预测冠心病患者发生左心室重构及远期心血管不良事件中具有较高的价值。

压力-应变环评价心脏淀粉样变左心室心肌做功的价值

目的:探讨压力-应变环评价不同左心室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)的心脏淀粉样变(Cardiac amyloidosis,CA)患者左心室心肌做功的价值。方法:回顾性分析23例CA患者(CA1组16例,LVEF≥50%;CA2组7例,LVEF<50%)和25例健康受试者(对照组)基于二维斑点追踪技术的压力-应变环左心室心肌做功参数的差异。结果:①CA1组、CA2组与对照组比较,左心室整体纵向应变(Global longitudinal strain,GLS)、整体做功指数(Global work index,GWI)、整体有效功(Global constructive work,GCW)、整体做功效率(Global work efficiency,GWE)降低(P<0.05),GLS达峰时间离散度(Peak strain dispersion,PSD)、整体无效功(Global wasted work,GWW)增高(P<0.05);CA2组与CA1组比较,GLS、GWE降低(P<0.05),GWW增高(P<0.05)。②CA1组、CA2组与对照组比较,基底段和心尖段纵向应变(Longitudinal strain,LS)、心肌做功指数(Myocardial work index,MWI)、心肌有效功(Myocardial constructive work,MCW)、心肌做功效率(Myocardial work efficiency,MWE)均降低(P<0.05),CA2组心尖段无效做功(Myocardial wasted work,MWW)较对照组及CA1组增加(P<0.05)。CA1组LS、MWI、MCW、MWE具有相对“心尖保留”模式,CA2组MWI、MCW、MWE无“心尖保留”模式。③GLS、GWW、心尖段MWW、MWW心尖/基底与LVEF呈负相关,GWE、心尖段MWE与LVEF呈正相关(P<0.05)。影响CA患者LVEF的主要因素为心尖段MWW及GLS(P<0.05)。结论:CA患者左心室整体及节段心肌做功减低,左心室心尖段MWW及GLS是影响CA患者LVEF的重要因素。左心室压力-应变环有望成为评价CA患者左心室心肌做功便捷、无创的影像学新方法。

无节段性室壁运动异常冠心病患者PCI术后左室功能的效果评价

目的应用常规超声心动图及三维应变定量评价无节段性室壁运动异常冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗前后左室收缩和舒张功能的变化,探讨PCI手术及支架置入数目对冠心病患者的疗效。方法选择112例无节段性室壁运动异常的冠心病患者,分别于PCI术前3 d及术后6个月行超声心动图检查,根据支架置入数目分三组,即1枚支架组(n=55)、2枚支架组(n=35)和3枚支架组(n=22),收集其基本临床资料、常规超声心动图数据及三维应变数据,并计算出相应方向的应变显像舒张功能指数(SI-DI)分析其变化。结果PCI术前术后两组数据比较,PCI术前pro-BNP数值高于术后值(P<0.05),收缩压、舒张压、血糖、血脂、体质量指数(BMI)等项目术前术后数据差异无统计学意义。PCI术前术后两组常规超声参数比较,两组间E、e′、EDV、ESV、及E/e′术后较术前升高,两组间LVEF、SV比较,术后较术前降低,但其差异均无统计学意义。PCI术前术后两组三维参数比较,PCI术前术后两组GLS、GRS、GAS、GCS、L-SI-DI、A-SI-DI、C-SI-DI、RSI-DI差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),PCI术后明显高于术前。不同支架数3组间三维参数比较,PCI术前三组各方向应变及相应SI-DI差异无统计学意义。PCI术后随着支架数目的增加,GLS、GAS、GCS、GRS、L-SI-DI、ASI-DI、C-SI-DI及R-SI-DI呈减低趋势。2枚支架组GCS、L-SI-DI均低于1枚支架组(均P<0.05),3枚支架组GLS、GCS、GAS、L-SI-DI、C-SI-DI、A-SI-DI均低于1枚支架组(均P<0.05),3枚支架组GLS、GCS、GAS、L-SIDI、C-SI-DI低于2枚支架组(均P<0.05);三组间GRS和R-SI-DI差异无统计学意义。不同数目支架组各参数术后较术前呈升高趋势,1枚支架组GLS、GAS、GCS、GRS、L-SI-DI、A-SI-DI、C-SI-DI高于术前(均P<0.05),2枚支架组GAS高于术前(P<0.05),3枚支架组手术前后差异无统计学意义。结论三维应变优于常规超声心动图,可以定量评价PCI术后左室收缩和舒张功能改变,评估冠心病患者PCI治疗效果;支架置入数目与PCI术后左室功能恢复情况有关。

药物涂层球囊与药物洗脱支架在冠心病患者行冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用价值比较

目的对比药物涂层球囊与药物洗脱支架对行冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠心病患者的影响.方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月该院收治的150例行PCI治疗的冠心病患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各75例.对照组行药物洗脱支架,观察组行药物涂层球囊.对比两组患者的再狭窄发生率、心功能、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率.结果观察组再狭窄发生率为4.00%,MACE发生率为2.67%,均低于对照组的13.89%、12.00%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后1年,观察组左室收缩末期内径为(38.71±2.83)mm,左室舒张末期内径为(42.46±3.74)mm,均短于对照组的(45.89±3.26)mm、(49.71±4.26)mm,左室射血分数为(59.53±5.29)%,高于对照组的(53.48±4.76)%,每搏输出量为(70.31±6.18)mL,多于对照组的(64.25±5.29)mL,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论药物涂层球囊更能够改善行PCI的冠心病患者心功能,降低再狭窄率与MACE发生率,有一定的应用价值,值得临床进行推广应用.

超声评价冠心病患者PCI后左心室功能与左心房压力和左心室心肌做功参数的关系

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后左心室功能与左心房压力和左心室心肌做功(LVMW)参数的关系。方法选择2020年6月至2022年6月于保定市第一中心医院行PCI治疗后的CHD患者200例(CHD组),其中男性102例,女性98例;年龄45~71岁,平均年龄59.98岁;身体质量指数18.56~25.82 kg/m^(2),平均身体质量指数23.71 kg/m^(2);101例有吸烟史,99例有饮酒史。另纳入200例健康体检者(对照组),其中男性104例,女性96例;年龄44~70岁,平均年龄60.42岁;身体质量指数18.42~25.41 kg/m^(2),平均身体质量指数23.61 kg/m^(2);吸烟史98例,饮酒史102例。比较两组患者的左心室功能相关参数[二尖瓣舒张早期速度峰值(E)及晚期速度峰值(A)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)]和左心房压力相关参数[二尖瓣环舒张早期速度(e’)、E/e’和左心房平均压力(mLAP)]差异,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析以上参数与LVWM参数之间的相关性。结果CHD组E/A、LVEF、E和e’值均显著低于对照组[1.23±0.08 vs 0.81±0.21、(53.71±2.54)%vs(61.58±3.52)%、(71.03±10.01)cm/s vs(78.74±7.25)cm/s、(8.22±1.56)cm/s vs(10.54±0.73)cm/s],GLS、E/e’和mLAP值高于对照组[(-17.54±1.08)%vs(-21.98±1.68)%、(9.31±0.17)%vs(7.53±0.18)%、(13.39±0.21)mmHg vs(11.03±0.15)mmHg]。与对照组相比,CHD组整体做功指数(GWI)、整体有用功(GCW)和整体做功效率(GWE)更低[(2088.42±387.73)mmHg%vs(1116.73±401.21)mmHg%、(2294.51±306.73)mmHg%vs(1456.19±418.42)mmHg%、(97.34±1.45)mmHg%vs(83.22±5.07)mmHg%],整体无用功(GWW)偏高[(70.83±23.04)mmHg%vs(132.65±44.32)mmHg%](均P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,GWI、GCW和GWE与E/A、LVEF均呈正相关,与GLS呈负相关(均P<0.05);GWW与E/A、LVEF均呈负相关,与GLS呈正相关(均P<0.05)。GWI、GCW和GWE与E/e、m LAP均呈负相关,GWW与E/e、mLAP均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论CHD患者PCI后左心室功能与左心房压力和左心室心肌做功参数存在一定的相关性,可辅助临床医师更好地评估患者术后心功能的变化情况。

频发室性早搏与心脏瓣膜手术同期迷宫手术后心房颤动复发关系研究

目的:探讨频发室性早搏(VPB)与心脏瓣膜手术同期射频消融迷宫手术(CMA)后心房颤动(AF)复发的关系。方法:收集因瓣膜疾病合并AF行心脏瓣膜手术同期射频消融迷宫手术的患者115例进行单中心、回顾性、病例对照研究,按照AF是否复发进行分组,复发AF患者23例,未复发患者92例。收集患者一般临床资料和相关实验室检查并评估术前室性早搏负荷(室性早搏数量>10000个/24 h为频发室性早搏)。采用单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型对合并瓣膜疾病的AF患者在接受心脏瓣膜手术及同期射频消融迷宫手术后AF复发的危险因素进行分析。结果:与未复发组比较,复发组室性早搏负荷较高(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,频发室性早搏和糖尿病是进行心脏瓣膜手术并同期接受射频消融迷宫手术的患者AF复发的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:频发室性早搏是心脏瓣膜手术同期射频消融迷宫手术后心房颤动复发的危险因素。

调卫和营宣痹方辅助干预冠心病PCI术后再发心绞痛的临床疗效观察

【目的】观察调卫和营宣痹方与常规西药联合治疗对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后再发心绞痛的治疗效果。【方法】将90例冠心病PCI术后再发心绞痛寒凝心脉证患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各45例。对照组给予常规西药治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上联合调卫和营宣痹方治疗,疗程为12周。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、心绞痛疗效积分、西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)评分以及左心室射血分数(LVEF)、室间隔厚度(IVS)的变化情况,并评定2组患者的临床疗效和用药安全性。【结果】(1)脱落情况方面,研究过程中,对照组和治疗组各有1例患者脱落,最终对照组和治疗组各有44例患者纳入疗效统计。(2)疗效方面,治疗12周后,治疗组的总有效率为93.18%(41/44),对照组为81.82%(36/44),组间比较(χ2检验),治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)心绞痛疗效积分方面,治疗后,2组患者的心绞痛发作次数评分、持续时间评分、疼痛程度评分、硝酸甘油使用量评分及总积分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后的各项评分及总积分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)SAQ评分方面,治疗后,2组患者SAQ量表的身体活动受限程度(PL)、心绞痛稳定状态(AS)、心绞痛发作情况(AF)、治疗满意程度(TS)、疾病认知程度(DS)评分均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后SAQ量表的各项评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)中医证候积分方面,治疗后,2组患者的胸痛、胸闷、气短、乏力、口唇紫暗等证候积分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后的各项中医证候积分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。(6)心脏彩超指标方面,治疗后,2组患者的LVEF均较治疗前有所改善(P<0.05),而2组患者的IVS治疗前后均无明显变化(P>0.05);治疗后组间比较,治疗组的LVEF改善幅度明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(7)安全性方面,治疗过程中,治疗组的不良事件发生率为2.27%(1/44),对照组为18.18%(8/44),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);且2组患者的血、尿、大便常规及肝功能、肾功能、心电图等安全性指标均无明显变化。【结论】在常规西药治疗基础上联合调卫和营宣痹方治疗,能有效缓解冠心病PCI术后再发心绞痛寒凝心脉证患者的临床症状,改善患者的中医证候及左心室射血分数,临床疗效显著。