A theoretical analysis of vertical dynamic response of large-diameter pipe piles in layered soil

Considering the viscous damping of the soil and soil-pile vertical coupled vibration,a computational model of large-diameter pipe pile in layered soil was established.The analytical solution in frequency domain was derived by Laplace transformation method.The responses in time domain were obtained by inverse Fourier transformation.The results of the analytical solution proposed agree well with the solutions in homogenous soil.The effects of the shear modulus and damping coefficients of the soil at both outer and inner sides of the pipe pile were researched.The results indicate that the shear modulus of the outer soil has more influence on velocity admittance than the inner soil.The smaller the shear modulus,the larger the amplitude of velocity admittance.The velocity admittance weakened by the damping of the outer soil is more obvious than that weakened by the damping of the inner soil.The displacements of the piles with the same damping coefficients of the outer soil have less difference.Moreover,the effects of the distribution of soil layers are analyzed.The results indicate that the effect of the upper soil layer on dynamic response of the pipe pile is more obvious than that of the bottom soil layer.A larger damping coefficient of the upper layer results in a smaller velocity admittance.The dynamic response of the pipe pile in layered soil is close to that of the pipe pile in homogenous soil when the properties of the upper soil layer are the same.

A Theoretical Analysis of the Bearing Performance of Vertically Loaded Large-Diameter Pipe Pile Groups

This paper aims to present a theoretical method to study the bearing performance of vertically loaded large-diameter pipe pile groups.The interactions between group piles result in different bearing performance of both a single pile and pile groups.Considering the pile group effect and the skin friction from both outer and inner soils,an analytical solution is developed to calculate the settlement and axial force in large-diameter pipe pile groups.The analytical solution was verified by centrifuge and field testing results.An extensive parametric analysis was performed to study the bearing performance of the pipe pile groups.The results reveal that the axial forces in group piles are not the same.The larger the distance from central pile,the larger the axial force.The axial force in the central pile is the smallest,while that in corner piles is the largest.The axial force on the top of the corner piles decreases while that in the central pile increases with increasing of pile spacing and decreasing of pile length.The axial force in side piles varies little with the variations of pile spacing,pile length,and shear modulus of the soil and is approximately equal to the average load shared by one pile.For a pile group,the larger the pile length is,the larger the influence radius is.As a result,the pile group effect is more apparent for a larger pile length.The settlement of pile groups decreases with increasing of the pile number in the group and the shear modulus of the underlying soil.

Analytical approach and field monitoring for mechanical behaviors of pipe roof reinforcement

Considering the delay effect of initial lining and revising the Winkler elastic foundation model,an analytical approach based on Pasternak elastic foundation beam theory for pipe roof reinforcement was put forward. With the example of a certain tunnel excavation,the comparison of the values of longitudinal strain of reinforcing pipe between field monitoring and analytical approach was made. The results indicate that Pasternak model,which considers a more realistic hypothesis in the elastic soil than Winkler model,gives more accurate calculation and agrees better with the result of field monitoring. The difference of calculation results between these two models is about 7%,and Pasternak model is proved to be a better way to study the reinforcement mechanism and improve design practice. The calculation results also reveal that the reinforcing pipes act as levers,which increases longitudinal load transfer to an unexcavated area,and consequently decreases deformation and increases face stability.

Effect of Application of Pipe Roof Method by Using Pipe Jacking on Behavior of Surrounding Soil

Tunnels in an urban area, in many cases, are constructed in soft ground which contains underground water, near existing facilities and structures. Structural stability for the tunnel and also the nearby structures and facilities is vital in this kind of work. Slurry pipe jacking was firmly established as a special method for the non-disruptive construction of underground pipelines of sewage systems. This method utilizes mud slurry that is formed around the pipes in order to stabilize the surrounding soil. In the pipe roof method the tubing elements that are constructed by slurry pipe jacking are near each other longitudinally, and create a rigid and stable lining before the excavation of the main tunnel. This paper discusses ＇the application of a slurry pipe jacking system on ＇the pipe roof method by means of numerical analysis. Because of the rigid behavior of the lining, the results show little subsidence, making this method a reliable method of constructing large tunnels with small cover in an urban area.

A Frost Heaving Prediction Approach for Ground Uplift Simulation Due to Freeze-Sealing Pipe Roof Method

Freeze-sealing pipe roof method is applied in the Gongbei tunnel,which causes the ground surface uplift induced by frost heave.A frost heaving prediction approach based on the coefficient of cold expansion is proposed to simulate the ground deformation of the Gongbei tunnel.The coefficient of cold expansion in the model and the frost heaving rate from the frost heave test under the hydration condition can achieve a good correspondence making the calculation result closer to the actual engineering.The ground surface uplift along the lateral and longitudinal direction are respectively analyzed and compared with the field measured data to validate the model.The results show that a good agreement between the frost heaving prediction model and the field measured data verifies the rationality and applicability of the proposed model.The maximum uplift of the Gongbei tunnel appears at the center of the model,gradually decreasing along with the lateral and longitudinal directions.The curve in the lateral direction presents a normal distribution due to the influence of the constraint of two sides,while the one along the lateral direction shapes like a parabola with the opening downward due to the temperature field distribution.The model provides a reference for frost heaving engineering calculation.

Analysis of mechanical behaviors of big pipe roof for shallow buried large-span tunnel

A series of researches on mechanical behaviors of big pipe roof for shallow large-span loess tunnel were carried out based on the Wenxiang tunnel in Zhengzhou—Xi'an Special Passenger Railway. The longitudinal deformations of the pipe roofs were monitored and the mechanical behaviors of the pipe roofs were analyzed at the test section. A new double-parameter elastic foundation beam model for pipe roof in shallow tunnels was put forward in Wenxiang tunnel. The measured values and the calculation results agreed well with each other,revealing the force-deformation law of big pipe roof in loess tunnel:At about 15 m in front of the excavating face,the pipe roof starts to bear the load;at about 15 m behind the excavating face,the force of the pipe roof tends to be stabilized;the longitudinal deformation of the whole pipe roofs is groove-shaped distribution,and the largest force of pipe roofs is at the excavating face. Simultaneously,the results also indicate that mechanical behaviors of pipe roof closely relate to the location of the excavation face,the footage of the tunnelling cycle and the mechanics parameters of pipe roof and rock. The conclusions can be reference for the design parameter optimization and the construction scheme selection of pipe roofs,and have been verified by the result of numerical analysis software FLAC3Dand deformation monitoring.

隧道管棚支护承载特性及支护参数试验研究

为探究隧道管棚注浆钢管不同支护参数对管棚支护承载能力的影响,引入Pasternak双参数模型构建出更符合实际情况的管棚支护力学模型,通过多组室内试验,对管棚在不同注浆钢管管径、壁厚、注浆饱满度及加设钢筋笼条件下的承载能力进行定量研究。研究表明:1)管棚注浆钢管支护参数中,对管棚承载能力的影响排序为:管径>注浆饱满度>壁厚>钢筋笼。2)增大管棚注浆钢管管径可大幅提高管棚的承载能力,相比管径为108 mm的管棚,管径为159、219、299 mm时管棚承载能力分别增大183.58%、398.62%、874.86%。3)管棚钢管注浆不饱满会较大程度削弱管棚的承载能力,钢管注浆饱满度由100%降至75%、50%时,管棚承载能力分别降低29.8%、34.5%,注浆饱满度为50%时管棚的承载能力与未注浆时相差不大。4)管棚钢管壁厚和钢筋笼加设与否对管棚的承载能力影响较小。因此,在实际工程中,可通过增大管棚钢管管径提升管棚的承载能力,通过减小管棚钢管壁厚及不加设钢筋笼节约用钢量。

托顶煤巷道易片冒顶板变形机理与超前导管预注浆控制技术研究

目的 为探究厚煤层易片冒区域托顶煤巷道顶板变形破坏机理,并对易片冒区托顶煤巷道顶板进行有效控制,方法 以常村煤矿2701工作面皮带运输巷为例,通过等截面梁理论分析托顶煤巷道顶板破断成因,研究托顶煤巷道顶板的稳定性与巷道宽度和顶煤强度的关系。通过极限平衡准则得到巷帮位移的计算公式,证明托顶煤巷道具有帮顶协同变形机制。建立托顶煤巷道数值模型,研究巷道埋深、侧压系数、顶煤厚度和顶煤强度与托顶煤巷道围岩稳定性的关系。结果 结果表明:巷道埋深越大,其对托顶煤巷道两帮稳定性的影响越大;侧压系数的增加对巷道两帮和底鼓量的影响更大,对顶板影响较小;顶板下沉量与顶煤厚度呈正相关,底鼓量则与顶煤厚度呈负相关;顶煤强度的增加使巷道顶板下沉量与两帮移近量均近似呈线性减小趋势,底鼓量基本保持不变。结论 通过幂律型流体柱形渗透注浆扩散理论得到超前导管注浆半径,由此提出托顶煤巷道超前导管预注浆帮顶联合控制技术,成功控制易片冒托顶煤巷道顶板冒落问题,可为类似地质条件的托顶煤巷道顶板控制提供借鉴。

异形加强冻结管外壁保温对管幕冻结效果影响试验研究

新型管幕冻结法冻结系统由充填混凝土的实顶管内布置圆形主力冻结管和限位管、未充填混凝土的空顶管内布置异形加强冻结管组成。为分析该新型管幕冻结系统中空顶管周围的冻结效果,通过拱北隧道管幕冻结现场原型试验,对空顶管中异形加强冻结管是否采取外表面保温措施展开研究,利用冻土帷幕厚度的变化对异形加强冻结管保温措施与不保温状态进行冻结效果对比分析。结果表明:异形加强冻结管保温不利于冻土帷幕的形成,随着冻结时间推移,冻土帷幕的发展会越来越慢;协同冻结模式下60 d后保温与不保温的冻土厚度之差约为冻结20 d的2倍。可以把空顶管作为“大冻结管”来考虑,利用异形加强冻结管对空顶管内部整体降温,更有利于顶管周围冻土帷幕的发展。

管幕和横梁作用下大断面开挖变形响应研究

基于管幕与横梁作用下大断面开挖相似模型试验,研究开挖引起的管幕变形和地表沉降变化规律.为充分研究参数变化对管幕变形和地表沉降的影响,运用有限元软件建立三维数值模型,以此模型为依据,分析管幕抗弯刚度和横梁抗弯刚度对管幕变形和地表沉降的影响,并根据模糊数学理论对最优刚度匹配进行研究.研究结果表明:管幕结构整体变形类似于“板”,且关于中间管幕对称,管幕跨中断面地表沉降呈“凹槽”型,符合Peck曲线分布;管幕变形和地表沉降均与横梁刚度和管幕刚度呈指数函数关系,且对横梁刚度变化更为敏感;管幕刚度与横梁刚度分别为0.5D和2K时,可以兼顾安全性与经济性.

预应力倒三角管桁架钢屋盖滑移施工技术

广交会展馆四期展馆扩建工程地处城市核心区,环境复杂,铁、隧、馆多重结构交互。工程体量大,结构复杂,施工难度大,总工期仅644d,在同类工程中工期最短,工期履约压力大。其中展厅屋盖钢结构为预应力倒三角管桁架结构,钢构体量大。针对此屋盖钢结构特点、难点,从缩短工期、高效建造方面开展研究,创新提出超长大跨度钢桁架分段等节奏滑移施工技术,即展馆两侧附属混凝土结构先行施工,提供滑移支撑体系,屋盖钢结构滑移与展厅下部2层主体混凝土结构同步施工,实现了展厅屋盖钢结构提前插入安装,各专业平面、立面穿插施工,缩短了关键线路工期;研发了基于装配式、自稳定高空平台的大跨度钢桁架拼装技术,实现超长大跨度重型钢桁架分单元快速拼装;针对主体结构作为滑移支撑体系两侧异标高的特点,设计双向滑移轨道,并研制滚针式滑靴及动力系统,确保滑移安全稳定;应用倒三角预应力钢绞线快速穿束和张拉技术,解决了超长预应力筋穿束张拉与高空滑移技术难题;液压同步控制系统与智能施工监测确保了大跨超重钢桁架屋盖滑移的应力、应变可控,按方案模拟过程平稳进行。

地下工程咬合型管幕构件抗弯承载力研究

基于咬合型管幕试件的抗弯性能试验,研究了咬合型管幕试件的力学性能及破坏形态。为进一步研究关键结构参数对咬合型管幕试件抗弯性能的影响,运用ABAQUS建立了咬合型管幕试件的有限元模型,并通过室内试验验证了模型的正确性;进而分析了钢管咬合程度、钢管壁厚及钢筋直径对咬合型管幕试件抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:咬合型管幕试件抗弯性能良好,试件最终发生延性破坏;钢管咬合程度、钢管壁厚对试件的抗弯承载力影响显著,钢筋直径对试件的抗弯承载力影响不明显。最后,给出了钢管咬合程度、钢管壁厚及钢筋直径与抗弯承载力的关系式;并通过多元线性回归得到了咬合型管幕试件抗弯承载力简化计算公式。

“三软地层”超前探放水综合控制技术

“三软地层”探放水钻孔孔口管固管安装困难、顶板遇水塌陷渗水、疏放水钻孔坍塌堵孔以及钻孔缩颈的施工技术一直难以解决。通过理论计算与工程实践,摸索了一套探放水创新施工工艺,进行了优化钻孔参数设计,11701工作面大部分顶板疏放水钻孔垂高取200 m,终孔孔距不大于60 m,富水区域进行加密。技术上攻克了套管加长后固结难的技术难题,研发出一套“分级注浆固管法”,将整个套管牢固安装在设计位置,实现了在软岩区域快速固结安装超长孔口套管的新工法。针对“三软地层”的钻孔探放水,为了解决“三软地层”的探放水钻孔在成孔后坍塌堵塞的技术难题,创造性的研发出三级注浆以及“全孔花管护壁新工艺”;工程实践证明该套技术方案很好地解决了“三软地层”探放水钻孔施工难题。

大断面管幕箱涵隧道开挖面极限支护压力研究

【目的】箱涵隧道具有断面大、推进缓慢等特点,开挖面易失稳。【方法】依托合肥市庐州大道浅埋隧道下穿机场跑道实例工程,利用极限平衡理论、摩尔-库伦强度准则、全覆土重理论进行理论推导,并结合大型三维精细化数值模型,对开挖面极限支护压力进行研究。【结果】结果表明:提出了一种简便的管幕作用下大断面箱涵隧道开挖面极限支护压力计算方法。基于此,通过毕肖普条分法计算值与文章提出的极限支护压力计算值相比较,误差极小,证明了该方法的准确性。通过建立管幕箱涵施工三维数值模型,发现地表沉降量和开挖面纵轴线方向位移量随着支护压力的增大而减小,并趋于稳定状态。当支护压力超过静止土压力时,上部土体受强挤压作用,开挖面状态易呈倒S形。【结论】以上结果可为相类似工程提供参考。

过河段顶管施工渗水冒顶水下混凝土全包封处置方法

为解决过河段机械顶管施工渗水冒顶问题,采用分幅围堰施工形成相对干燥场地,对管网上下游采用气囊封堵防止水流继续流入,人工对原有管道进行修复,最后进行水下混凝土全包封施工。该方法工艺成熟可靠,操作简单,施工风险低,对周边环境影响小,可以很好地解决过河段管道渗漏水影响施工进展问题。为冒顶事故的进一步处理创造良好的施工条件。

近距离薄煤层群首采层卸压瓦斯协同抽采技术研究

为有效解决近距离薄煤层群开采首采层上、下邻近层大量卸压瓦斯涌入的治理问题,以某煤矿为研究对象,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方法,研究近距离薄煤层群开采条件下卸压瓦斯运移规律,并根据富集特征确定卸压瓦斯抽采钻孔的空间位置。研究结果表明:首采层开采覆岩导气裂隙带最大发育高为10.3~23.2 m。设计超大直径顺层预抽钻孔高0.8 m,宽2.08 m;顶板定向长钻孔终孔最优抽采位置为垂直距离开采层顶板15.0~23.0 m,水平距离回风侧20.5~27.5 m;2条埋管抽采最佳错距为距底板高1.1,1.7 m,深入采空区11.3,20.8 m。优化后的布置参数应用于现场实践,试验工作面回采期间上隅角瓦斯体积分数保持在0.7%以下。研究结果能够实现近距离薄煤层群开采条件下卸压瓦斯高效抽采,保证矿井安全高效生产。

管幕预筑法施工引起的地表沉降:顶管群施工顺序的影响

以太原火车站下穿隧道为例,研究了封闭管幕预筑隧道在顶管阶段的地表沉降特征。首先采用数值模拟分析了3类顶管顺序,从上向下、上下同时施工和从下向上的9种工况,顶管施工顺序引起的地表沉降特征。数值模拟结果表明采用从上向下的顶管施工顺序引起的地表沉降量最小,为12 mm;采用从下向上的顶管施工顺序引起的地表沉降量最大,为25 mm。通过大尺寸模型试验对数值模拟结果进行了验证,模型试验结果与数值模拟结果一致,从上向下的顶管施工引起的地表沉降最小,从下向上顶管施工顺序引起的地表沉降最大。基于数值模拟与模型试验结果,确定了太原火车站北隧道的顶管群施工顺序,现场监测结果表明选择的施工方案满足沉降要求。研究结果表明,在顶管施工阶段相邻顶管之间会形成微土拱,隧道上方相邻管道之间的微土拱将组合成大的管土拱结构,可以减少隧道下方和两侧顶管阶段引起的地表沉降。因此,考虑隧道上方管土拱结构的顶管施工顺序可以减小下方顶管施工引起的地表沉降。

浅埋超大直径双圆顶管侧穿高压铁塔桩基预加固方案

以深圳市铁岗-石岩水库水质保障工程2#顶管侧穿王洋Ⅰ线N14高压铁塔为背景,对浅埋超大直径双圆顶管侧穿高压铁塔桩基预加固方案进行系统研究。提出管幕支护、“管幕支护+钻孔灌注咬合桩+旋喷桩”、“管幕支护+微型桩+旋喷桩”3种预加固方案,通过MIDAS/GTS建立数值模型,分析3种方案加固效果。结果表明:方案一加固效果不理想;方案二加固效果明显提升,对桩基沉降最为显著,较方案一降低53%;采用方案三,塔基整体沉降、水平、纵向位移及相邻桩基沉降差较方案二分别减少42%、20%、16%及19%,更能有效控制桩基稳定;加固后,塔基最大沉降为5.49 mm,最大水平位移为3.99 mm,最大纵向位移为2.28 mm,相邻塔基最大差异沉降为0.95 mm,基础最大局部倾斜为0.03%,均满足施工控制标准。方案三加固技术能较好地控制铁塔桩基沉降,保证高压铁塔的安全和正常使用,可为类似工程提供借鉴。

城市地下空间开发中特殊托换体系研究与应用

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某中学风雨操场屋盖为大跨度倒三角空间管桁架结构,同时兼具运动功能,承受重型荷载。因此,需在深化设计阶段对风雨操场屋盖进行共振技术分析,保证操场运动人员舒适性及屋盖下空间不受干扰。研究大跨度倒三角空间管桁架测量及监测技术、侧拼与吊装施工技术,以达到设计效果。研究结果表明,通过共振分析得出的结构竖向自振频率与最大加速度满足要求;采用临时支撑、起拱、汽车式起重机单榀整体吊装等方式解决吊装问题,达到了设计精度;通过精准测量及监测确保了加工、安装过程质量和安全。