Impact of Outdoor Activities in Different Landscape Environments on the Physical and Mental Health of College Students

To investigate whether outdoor activities have an improvement effect on the emotions of young people and the differences in the impact of outdoor activities on the emotions of young people under different landscape environmental conditions,the participating students are asked to engage in outdoor activities in different landscape environments and divided into four groups.Each group is assigned to engage in outdoor activities in four types of landscape areas:open lawn area,low shrub area,dense forest area,and waterfront area.The activities include outdoor yoga and making leaf mandalas.The results show that outdoor yoga has the best effect on reducing pulse and blood pressure and regulating emotions in open lawn area and waterfront area,followed by leaf mantras in waterfront area and outdoor yoga in dense forest area.However,both activities have no significant effect in low shrub area.

Adaptive Antenna-Activation Based Beamforming for Large-Scale MIMO Communication Systems of High Speed Railway

Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambiguity(IBA) increases as the directional difference between beams becomes smaller.An adaptive antenna activation based beamforming scheme was proposed to mitigate IBA.In the district near the base station(BS),all antenna elements(AEs) were activated to generate two beams.As the distance from the train to the BS increased,only the minimum number of AEs satisfying the resolution criterion would be activated.At the cell edge,one beam was switched off due to intolerable IBA.The proposed scheme can achieve SE gain to the non-adaptive scheme and show more robustness against the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation error.

Environmental Design of Urban Outdoor Public Spaces Based on Children's Activities

This paper analyzed current situation of domestic and foreign children's outdoor spaces, and the relationship between urban public spaces and children's behaviors, summarized design principles and techniques to improve use efficiency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, create public spaces capable of meeting psychological behavior needs of children.

Research on the Outdoor Activities and Spatial Characteristics of the Elderly in College Communities:Taking a University in Northern China as an Example

In view of the aging population in the country,college communities can better meet the needs of the elderly in the community by developing hardware facilities,environmental resources,and management systems.However,in China,the research on elderly care in colleges is still in its infancy.The paper presents an analysis on the characteristics of the elderly group,outdoor activities,and space characteristics in college communities through the field survey of a university in the north,questionnaire survey and interview with the elderly.Suggestions for optimizing the outdoor activities space of the elderly in college communities are then provided,hoping to provide some reference for relevant research.

Associations between near work, outdoor activity, parental myopia and myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

●AIM:To assess the influence of near work,time outdoor and parental myopia on the prevalence of myopia in school children in Aba,Nigeria.●METHODS:Primary and secondary school children aged between 8 and 15 y were randomly recruited from 12 schools in Aba.Information on family history,near work and outdoor activity was obtained using myopia risk factor questionnaire.Cycloplegic refraction was performed using autorefraction technique.Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction(SER)≤-0.50 D in the poorer eye.Data were analysed for 1197(male:538 and female:659)children with full relevant data.●RESULTS:Risk of developing myopia was positively associated with parental myopia[odds ratio(OR):6.80;95%CI,2.76-16.74;P<0.01)for one myopic parent and(OR:9.47;95%CI,3.88-23.13;P<0.01)for two myopic parents,longer daily reading hour(OR:1.21;95%CI,1.03-1.42;P=0.02)and less time outdoors(OR:0.8;95%CI,0.74-0.87;P<0.01).●CONCLUSION:Parental history of myopia is the most important risk factor associated with myopia.In addition,children with both parents being myopic has increased odds of developing myopia than those with one myopic parent.It is recommended therefore,that children spend more time outdoors as this could reduce the prevalence and progression of myopia.

Large-scale circulation features associated with the heat wave over Northeast China in summer 2018

In late July and early August 2018,Northeast China suffered from extremely high temperatures,with the maxium temperature anomaly exceeding 6°C.In this study,the large-scale circulation features associated with this heat wave over Northeast China are analyzed using station temperature data and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data.The results indicate that strong anomalous positive geopotential height centers existed from the lower to upper levels over Northeast China,and the related downward motions were directly responsible for the extreme high-temperature anomalies.The northwestward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)and the northeastward shift of the South Asian high concurrently reinforced the geopotential height anomalies and descending flow over Northeast China.In addition,an anomalous Pacific–Japan pattern in the lower troposphere led to the northwestward shift of the WPSH,jointly favoring the anomalous geopotential height over Northeast China.Two wave trains emanating from the Atlantic region propagated eastwards along high latitudes and midlatitudes,respectively,and converged over Northeast China,leading to the enhancement of the geopotential height anomalies.

Deep Pyramidal Residual Network for Indoor-Outdoor Activity Recognition Based on Wearable Sensor

Recognition of human activity is one of the most exciting aspects of time-series classification,with substantial practical and theoretical impli-cations.Recent evidence indicates that activity recognition from wearable sensors is an effective technique for tracking elderly adults and children in indoor and outdoor environments.Consequently,researchers have demon-strated considerable passion for developing cutting-edge deep learning sys-tems capable of exploiting unprocessed sensor data from wearable devices and generating practical decision assistance in many contexts.This study provides a deep learning-based approach for recognizing indoor and outdoor movement utilizing an enhanced deep pyramidal residual model called Sen-PyramidNet and motion information from wearable sensors(accelerometer and gyroscope).The suggested technique develops a residual unit based on a deep pyramidal residual network and introduces the concept of a pyramidal residual unit to increase detection capability.The proposed deep learning-based model was assessed using the publicly available 19Nonsens dataset,which gathered motion signals from various indoor and outdoor activities,including practicing various body parts.The experimental findings demon-strate that the proposed approach can efficiently reuse characteristics and has achieved an identification accuracy of 96.37%for indoor and 97.25%for outdoor activity.Moreover,comparison experiments demonstrate that the SenPyramidNet surpasses other cutting-edge deep learning models in terms of accuracy and F1-score.Furthermore,this study explores the influence of several wearable sensors on indoor and outdoor action recognition ability.

Review of dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antenna

Large-scale space membrane antennas have significant potential in satellite communication,space-based early warning,and Earth observation.Because of their large size and high flexibility,the dynamic analysis and control of membrane antenna are challenging.To maintain the working performance of the antenna,the pointing and surface accuracies must be strictly maintained.Therefore,the accurate dynamic modeling and effective active control of large-scale space membrane antennas have great theoretical significance and practical value,and have attracted considerable interest in recent years.This paper reviews the dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antennas.First,the development and status of large-scale space membrane antennas are summarized.Subsequently,the key problems in the dynamics and active control of large membrane antennas,including the dynamics of wrinkled membranes,large-amplitude nonlinear vibration,nonlinear model reduction,rigid-flexible-thermal coupling dynamic modeling,on-orbit modal parameter identification,active vibration control,and wave-based vibration control,are discussed in detail.Finally,the research outlook and future trends are presented.

The measurement of time spent outdoors in child myopia research： a systematic review

The purpose of this article is to summarize the methods most commonly used to measure time spent outdoors and provide a comprehensive review of time and activity recording methods with the aim of encouraging the development of new methods. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from Jan. 1st, 1990 to Aug. 31th, 2017. Studies including the following specific terms： “outdoor”, “outside”, “outdoor activity”, “outside activity”, “outdoor time”, “outside time”, and “outdoor AND measurement of time spent outdoors” were considered for this review. In total, three kinds of outdoor time measurements were discussed. Questionnaires have the longest history and are the most thoroughly revised instruments for assessing time spent outdoors, but recall bias is their most substantial drawback. Global positioning system （GPS） tracking can distinguish between indoor and outdoor locations, but its utility is limited due to several factors such as subject compatibility. Light exposure measurement devices are newly emerging, but all of these devices require good subject cooperation. Further efforts and exploration are needed to develop better methods and new tools to record exposure to the outdoors in real time. Moreover, inventing a new device by combining two or more types of devices mentioned above and using the latest technology of en ergy supplementation and autoswitching may make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages of each tool.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.

Active Probing Based Method for Fault Diagnosis Using Bayesian Network

Fault diagnosis on large-scale and complex networks is a challenging task, as it requires efficient and accurate inference from huge data volumes. Active probing is a cost-efficient tool for fault diagnosis. However almost all existing probing-based techniques face the following problems: 1) performing inaccurately in noisy networks; 2) generating additional traffic to the network; 3) high cost computation. To address these problems, we propose an efficient probe selection algorithm for fault diagnosis based on Bayesian network. Moreover, two approaches which could significantly reduce the computational complexity of the probe selection process are provided. Finally, we implement the new proposed algorithm and a former representative probing-based algorithm (BPEA algorithm) on different settings of networks. The results show that, the new algorithm performs much faster than BPEA does without sacrificing the diagnostic quality, especially in large, noisy and multiple-fault networks.

Research on Thermal Comfort of Outdoor Space in Summer Urban Park: Take Mianyang Urban Park as an Example

One of the factors for the evaluation of the space environment is the comfort of outdoor activities spaces in urban parks. The space composed of different landscape elements has different microclimate environment. In this paper, in order to evaluate the role of thermal comfort in influencing resident’s assessment of the outdoor space and activities of the park, a thermal comfort survey was conducted on the outdoor open space of Mianyang Urban Park in summer. In this article, meteorological surveys, questionnaire surveys and observation of park attendance are selected to collect data. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) assessment was selected as the index to evaluate resident’s thermal comfort level, and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the spatial thermal environment of different outdoor landscape elements in the park. The overall comfort of current visitors is mainly influenced by their subjective heat perception voting (TSV). In this article, we focus on providing microclimate adjustment considerations for urban park landscape design, and may help people understand the outdoor thermal comfort of Mianyang in summer, increase the using time of outdoor activities, and promote the use of outdoor space.

迈向白色景观:寒地城市中小河流滨水空间居民冬季户外活动的环境特征偏好研究

城市中小河流滨水空间是承载居民户外活动的重要载体,寒地冬季严酷的气候条件使河流由蓝色水域空间转变成白色冰雪空间,特殊的水体形态使居民的活动水平产生较大变化。聚焦寒地城市中小河流滨水空间的居民冬季户外活动,构建可达性、场所特征、服务设施和维护管理4类维度下的17项环境特征要素指标,通过问卷调查与Kano模型得出户外活动的环境特征偏好要素序列,基于行为类型讨论要素指标对冬季户外活动的影响。结果显示,河流白色景观对提升冬季健康福祉具有重要意义,对维护管理提出了更高的要求。寒地滨水空间的流动行为更关注步行体验,强调线性路径的空间畅通和微气候舒适,驻留行为更关注冬季运动和防风防寒设施的配给。研究成果可为寒地城市居民健康福祉的规划建设提供决策支持。

寒地城市老幼群体不同季节住区户外活动特征及其影响因素研究

住区是承载老幼群体户外活动的主要场所,寒地城市特殊气候条件下的季节变化对老幼群体的活动特征影响显著,本文根据其影响因素提出满足老幼群体全季节活动需求的共享型户外活动空间营造策略。利用实地调研与问卷结合的方式对哈尔滨市6个样本住区452组老幼群体进行调查,研究不同季节老幼群体住区户外活动的时间与空间分布特征,并通过多元回归分析的方法分别提取不同季节下老幼群体活动频率、活动时长和活动类型的影响因素。基于研究结果,从优化目标、优化机制、环境营造三方面提出寒地住区户外活动空间的优化策略。

基于儿童户外活动特征解析的社区活动空间更新建设策略研究

【目的】为响应国家“十四五”规划提出的建设儿童友好城市的政策要求,应探索儿童友好的、适宜儿童活动的社区空间环境更新建设策略。【方法】以成都市3个儿童友好型社区试点中的4类活动空间为例,采取社区游憩行为观察系统、核密度估算以及现状调研等方法,采集并分析儿童户外活动情况及社区活动空间环境特征,并建立相关性模型,探究影响儿童户外活动的社区空间环境因子。【结果】发现多个环境因子对儿童活动有显著影响,包括道路平整度、场地规模等,其中看护空间、游戏设施类型、休憩设施、商业设施可达性是影响儿童户外活动密度、时长、活动类型多样性的关键环境因子;据此归纳出促进儿童户外活动的社区空间环境重点建设方向包括:1)合理规划规模较大且毗邻儿童商业的平整场地;2)增设具有吸引力的、完善的配套设施;3)布置合理的看护休憩空间;4)植入新颖多样、互动性强的环境要素。【结论】为建设促进儿童户外活动的社区空间提供了科学依据,有助于在社区中为儿童营造健康友好的成长环境。

儿童友好型社区户外活动空间优化设计策略——以沈阳金地滨河国际社区为例

儿童友好城市/社区的建设,是当前中国城市更新和社区营造中的重要部分。文章将沈阳部分社区作为研究对象,针对提升居住区儿童户外活动空间友好度进行探讨,以提高儿童户外活动空间的各年龄段友好度、空间安全性和趣味性为目标,结合儿童的心理和行为特征,提出设计策略,以期营造儿童健康快乐成长的户外活动空间。

幼儿期视屏行为和户外活动及其交互作用与学龄前期多动行为的关联

【目的】调查儿童一岁半时视屏内容类型及屏幕暴露频率与学龄前期多动行为的关联,并探究户外活动与视屏行为的交互作用对关联关系的影响,为儿童行为问题的预防及干预提供理论依据及可行方案。【方法】2022年6月至2023年6月,在广东省惠州市惠城区使用分层整群抽样的方法抽取61所幼儿园中5648名儿童的家长及教师进行调查,采用Conners教师评定量表(TRS)评估儿童的多动行为,使用自编问卷调查儿童的基本信息、一岁半时视屏内容类型、屏幕暴露频率及户外活动频率。使用多元Logistic回归进行统计分析,在控制儿童的年龄、性别、父母亲受教育程度等因素的条件下,探究视屏行为与多动行为的关联及其与户外活动的交互作用。【结果】儿童学龄前期多动行为总体检出率为3.2%,品行问题为2.1%、多动问题为2.1%、注意力不集中-被动问题为1.3%、多动指数为0.9%。校正混杂因素后,多元Logistic回归分析显示儿童一岁半时屏幕暴露为“每周2~4次”与学龄前期多动行为的检出率升高有关,比值比(OR)[95%置信区间(CI)]为1.682(1.141,2.480)。每天均有屏幕暴露与学龄前期多动行为、品行问题、多动问题、注意力不集中-被动问题和多动指数的检出率升高均存在关联,OR(95%CI)分别为2.136(1.218,3.746)、2.321(1.185,4.546)、2.300(1.208,4.380)、2.776(1.267,6.085)和3.640(1.525,8.687),但这种关联在一岁半时每天进行户外活动的儿童中并未发现(交互作用P值<0.001)。未发现视屏内容类型与多动行为的关联(P>0.05)。【结论】幼儿期屏幕暴露频率与学龄前期多动行为问题显著相关,户外活动可以削弱高频屏幕暴露与多动行为之间的关联关系,提示家长及学校应重视对幼儿视屏行为和户外活动的科学引导,合理安排幼儿一日生活,为儿童行为健康发展奠定良好基础。