Application of Large-Scale Systems Theory in Fire Control Systems

According the to the model of single tank fire control system, this paper makes use of decomposition-coordination theory of large-scale systems to discuss the shooting problem of multiple tank the control systems, and alalyzes specifically the three-tank the control systems and models.the process was imitated in computer, and the optimal shooting element of 3TS system was got. In addition, probability of hitting the target was calculated.

Decentralized robust guaranteed cost control for a class of interconnected singular large-scale systems with time-delay and parameter uncertainty

The decentralized robust guaranteed cost control problem is studied for a class of interconnected singular large-scale systems with time-delay and norm-bounded time-invariant parameter uncertainty under a given quadratic cost performance function. The problem that is addressed in this study is to design a decentralized robust guaranteed cost state feedback controller such that the closed-loop system is not only regular, impulse-free and stable, but also guarantees an adequate level of performance for all admissible uncertainties. A sufficient condition for the existence of the decentralized robust guaranteed cost state feedback controllers is proposed in terms of a linear matrix inequality （LMI） via LMI approach. When this condition is feasible, the desired state feedback decentralized robust guaranteed cost controller gain matrices can be obtained. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Optimal tracking control for nonlinear large-scale systems with persistent disturbances

This paper studies the optimal control with zero steady-state error problem for nonlinear large-scale systems affected by external persistent disturbances.The nonlinear large-scale system is transformed into N nonlinear subsystems with interconnect terms.Based on the internal model principle,a disturbance compensator is constructed such that the ith subsystem with external persistent disturbances is transformed into an augmented subsystem without disturbances.According to the sensitivity approach,the optimal tracking control law for the ith nonlinear subsystem can be obtained.The optimal tracking control law for the nonlinear large-scale systems can be obtained.A numerical simulation shows that the method is effective.

Partial stability of a class of large-scale systems with partiallystable isolated subsystems

The problem of partial stability is investigated for a class of continuous-time large-scale systems. Under assumption that the null solution of the isolated subsystems is stable, based on decomposition-aggregation methods and Lyapunov second method, some theorems concerning the globally partial asymptotic stability and globally partial exponential stability are obtained via utilizing the inequality analysis technique and comparison technique. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the results.

THE ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY OF THE LINEAR.DISCRETE LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS

In this paper, we directly use the tirear norm Liapunov function to investigate the stability of the linear discrete large-scale systems and obtain some criteria for the asymptotic stability of such a system.

Robust non-fragile control for discrete-delay nonlinear large-scale systems

Time-delays,due to the information transmission between subsystems,naturally exist in large-scale systems and the existence of the delay is frequently a source of instability. This paper considers the problems of robust non-fragile fuzzy control for a class of uncertain discrete nonlinear large-scale systems with time-delay and controller gain perturbations described by T-S fuzzy model. An equivalent T-S fuzzy model is represented for discrete-delay nonlinear large-scale systems. A sufficient condition for the existence of such non-fragile controllers is further derived via the Lyapunov function and the linear matrix inequality( LMI) approach. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed design and the proper stabilization of the system in spite of controller gain variations and uncertainties.

STABILITY OF NONLINEAR COMPARISON EQUATIONS FOR DISCRETE LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS

On the stability analysis of large-scale systems by Lyapunov functions, it is necessary to determine the stability of vector comparison equations. For discrete systems, only the stability of linear autonomous comparison equations was studied in the past. In this paper, various criteria of stability for discrete nonlinear autonomous comparison equations are completely established. Among them, a criterion for asymptotic stability is not only sufficient, but also necessary, from which a criterion on the function class C, is derived. Both of them can be used to determine the unexponential stability, even in the large, for discrete nonlinear (autonomous or nonautonomous) systems. All the criteria are of simple algebraic forms and can be readily used.

Decentralized H-infinity state feedback control for discrete-time singular large-scale systems

The decentralized H-infinity control problem for discrete-time singular large-scale systems is considered. Based on the bounded real lemma of discrete-time singular systems, a sufficient condition for the existence of decentralized H-infinity controller for discrete-time singular large-scale systems is presented in terms of the solvability to a certain system of linear matrix inequalities by linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, and the feasible solutions to the system of LMIs provide a parameterized representation of a set of decentralized H-infinity controller. The given example shows the application of the method.

Optimal tracking control for linear time-delay large-scale systems with persistent disturbances

An optimal tracking control （OTC） problem for linear time-delay large-scale systems affected by external persistent disturbances is investigated. Based on the internal model principle, a disturbance compensator is constructed. The system with persistent disturbances is transformed into an augmented system without persistent disturbances. The original OTC problem of linear time-delay system is transformed into a sequence of linear two- point boundary value （TPBV） problems by introducing a sensitivity parameter and expanding Maclaurin series around it. By solving an OTC law of the augmented system, the OTC law of the original system is obtained. A numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Decentralized robust stabilization of discrete-time fuzzy large-scale systems with parametric uncertainties: a LMI method

Decentralized robust stabilization problem of discrete-time fuzzy large-scale systems with parametric uncertainties is considered. This uncertain fuzzy large-scale system consists of N interconnected T-S fuzzy subsystems, and the parametric uncertainties are unknown but norm-bounded. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and decentralized control theory of large-scale system, the design schema of decentralized parallel distributed compensation （DPDC） fuzzy controllers to ensure the asymptotic stability of the whole fuzzy large-scale system is proposed. The existence conditions for these controllers take the forms of LMIs. Finally a numerical simulation example is given to show the utility of the method proposed.

A New Criterion for Stability of Large-Scale Systems with Delay

A simple criterion for delay-independent stability of large-scale linear time-varying systems is deduced by employing a type of Lyapunov function. The notable features of the results in this paper are its simplicity and efficiency in testing the stability large-scale linear time-varying systems. Some illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the advantages of the obtained results over those in literature.

Hierarchical Control for Large-Scale Systems

A class of large-scale systems, where the overall objective function is a nonlinear function of performance index of each subsystem, is investigated in this paper. This type of large-scale control problem is non-separable in the sense of conventional hierarchical control. Hierarchical control is extended in the paper to large-scale non-separable control problems, where multiobjective optimization is used as separation strategy. The large-scale non-separable control problem is embedded, under certain conditions, into a family of the weighted Lagrangian formulation. The weighted Lagrangian formulation is separable with respect to subsystems and can be effectively solved using the interaction balance approach at the two lower levels in the proposed three-level solution structure. At the third level, the weighting vector for the weighted Lagrangian formulation is adjusted iteratively to search the optimal weighting vector with which the optimal of the original large-scale non-separable control problem is obtained. Theoretical base of the algorithm is established. Simulation shows that the algorithm is effective.

A CLASS OF DECOMPOSITION METHODS FOR LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

This paper presents a new decomposition method for solving large-scale systems of nonlinear equations. The new method is of superlinear convergence speed and has rather less computa tional complexity than the Newton-type decomposition method as well as other known numerical methods, Primal numerical experiments show the superiority of the new method to the others.

Optimal Control for Nonlinear Interconnected Large-scale Systems: A Successive Approximation Approach

The optimal control problem for nonlinear interconnected large-scale dynamic systems is considered. A successive approximation approach for designing the optimal controller is proposed with respect to quadratic performance indexes. By using the approach, the high order, coupling,nonlinear two-point boundary value (TPBV) problem is transformed into a sequence of linear decoupling TPBV problems. It is proven that the TPBV problem sequence uniformly converges to the optimal control for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems. A suboptimal control law is obtained by using a finite iterative result of the optimal control sequence.

Decentralized Iterative Learning Controllers for Nonlinear Large-scale Systems to Track Trajectories with Different Magnitudes

在为大规模工业进程的层次不变的优化编程，一种可行技术是使用真实系统的信息以便修改基于模型的最佳。在这种情形，有不同大小的步功能类型控制决定的一个序列被计算，由哪个真实系统连续地被刺激。在这份报纸，一套反复的学习控制器为大规模非线性的工业过程的一个班在分散的模式被嵌进层次不变的优化的过程。为每个分系统的控制器被用来产生升级的控制信号的一个序列以便与不同规模承担顺序的步骤控制决定的责任。学习控制设计的目的是连续地精制系统的短暂性能。借助于卷绕旋转积分的 Hausdorff 年轻的不平等，更新的规则的集中在 Lebesgue-p 标准的意义被分析。集中上的非线性和相互作用的发明被讨论。建议控制计划的有效性和有效性被一些模拟表明。

Sample-data Decentralized Reliable H∞ Hyperbolic Control for Uncertain Fuzzy Large-scale Systems with Time-varying Delay

这份报纸学习样品数据的问题为有变化时间的延期的不明确的连续时间的模糊大规模系统的可靠 H 夸张控制。第一，模糊夸张模型( FHM )被用来为某些复杂大规模系统建立模型，然后根据 Lyapunov 指导方法和大规模系统的分散的控制理论，线性 matrixine 质量( LMI )基于条件 arederived toguarantee H 性能不仅当所有控制部件正在操作很好时，而且面对一些可能的致动器失败。而且，致动器的精确失败参数没被要求，并且要求仅仅是失败参数的更低、上面的界限。条件依赖于时间延期的上面的界限，并且不依赖于变化时间的延期的衍生物。因此，获得的结果是不太保守的。最后，二个例子被提供说明设计过程和它的有效性。

Exponential Stability of Large-Scale Non-Linear Systems with Multiple The Delays

The problem of stabilizing a class of large-scale non-linear multiple delay systems is considered.The complicated system is decomposed into several subsystems; each function of them is expressed by a set of components of the overall state vector,with interconnections between them, and the subsystems are coupled by the delayed state. In this paper, a method is devised to be a suitable choice of state feedback controls of every subsystems, moreover, it is proved that the large-scale system is exponential stable.

CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS IN SENSE OF LEBESGUE-p NORM OF DECENTRALIZED NON-REPETITIVE ITERATIVE LEARNING CONTROL FOR LINEAR LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS

In this paper,a decentralized iterative learning control strategy is embedded into theprocedure of hierarchical steady-state optimization for a class of linear large-scale industrial processeswhich consists of a number of subsystems.The task of the learning controller for each subsystem is toiteratively generate a sequence of upgraded control inputs to take responsibilities of a sequential stepfunctional control signals with distinct scales which are determined by the local decision-making units inthe two-layer hierarchical steady-state optimization processing.The objective of the designated strategyis to consecutively improve the transient performance of the system.By means of the generalized Younginequality of convolution integral,the convergence of the learning algorithm is analyzed in the sense ofLebesgue-p norm.It is shown that the inherent feature of system such as the multi-dimensionality andthe interaction may influence the convergence of the non-repetitive learning rule.Numerical simulationsillustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the validity of the conclusion.

Assessment of Wet Season Precipitation in the Central United States by the Regional Climate Simulation of the WRFG Member in NARCCAP and Its Relationship with Large-Scale Circulation Biases

Assessment of past-climate simulations of regional climate models(RCMs)is important for understanding the reliability of RCMs when used to project future regional climate.Here,we assess the performance and discuss possible causes of biases in a WRF-based RCM with a grid spacing of 50 km,named WRFG,from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program(NARCCAP)in simulating wet season precipitation over the Central United States for a period when observational data are available.The RCM reproduces key features of the precipitation distribution characteristics during late spring to early summer,although it tends to underestimate the magnitude of precipitation.This dry bias is partially due to the model’s lack of skill in simulating nocturnal precipitation related to the lack of eastward propagating convective systems in the simulation.Inaccuracy in reproducing large-scale circulation and environmental conditions is another contributing factor.The too weak simulated pressure gradient between the Rocky Mountains and the Gulf of Mexico results in weaker southerly winds in between,leading to a reduction of warm moist air transport from the Gulf to the Central Great Plains.The simulated low-level horizontal convergence fields are less favorable for upward motion than in the NARR and hence,for the development of moist convection as well.Therefore,a careful examination of an RCM’s deficiencies and the identification of the source of errors are important when using the RCM to project precipitation changes in future climate scenarios.

Conventional Geothermal Systems and Unconventional Geothermal Developments: An Overview

This paper provides an overview of conventional geothermal systems and unconventional geothermal developments as a common reference is needed for discussions between energy professionals. Conventional geothermal systems have the heat, permeability and fluid, requiring only drilling down to °C, normal heat flow or decaying radiogenic granite as heat sources, and used in district heating. Medium-temperature (MT) 100°C - 190°C, and high-temperature (HT) 190°C - 374°C resources are mostly at plate boundaries, with volcanic intrusive heat source, used mostly for electricity generation. Single well capacities are °C - 500°C) and a range of depths (1 m to 20 Km), but lack permeability or fluid, thus requiring stimulations for heat extraction by conduction. HVAC is 1 - 2 m deep and shallow geothermal down to 500 m in wells, both capturing °C, with °C are either advanced by geothermal developers at <7 Km depth (Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), drilling below brittle-ductile transition zones and under geothermal fields), or by the Oil & Gas industry (Advanced Geothermal Systems, heat recovery from hydrocarbon wells or reservoirs, Superhot Rock Geothermal, and millimeter-wave drilling down to 20 Km). Their primary aim is electricity generation, relying on closed-loops, but EGS uses fractures for heat exchange with earthquake risks during fracking. Unconventional approaches could be everywhere, with shallow geothermal already functional. The deeper and hotter unconventional alternatives are still experimental, overcoming costs and technological challenges to become fully commercial. Meanwhile, the conventional geothermal resources remain the most proven opportunities for investments and development.