Analysis on the Structural Type of Large-span Steel Truss Bridge Spe­cially Designed for Cables

When the installation of cables and pipelines needs to go across rivers,bridges are usually adopted to support the cables and pipelines for crossing the rivers.The measure can make full use of the space resources and have no effect on the flow pattern of rivers.For this reason,analysis on the structural-type design of a large-span steel truss bridge specially used for cables has been performed.The numerical results indicate that the stayed-cable bridge with steel truss beam and concrete main tower has better performance and improved structural type caparisoned with that of the beam and arch bridges,and the construction of the major beam can be without the temporary support.

Defect Inspection Technology for Steel Truss Suspension Bridges

Steel truss suspension bridges are prone to developing defects after prolonged use.These defects may include corrosion of the main cable or the steel truss.To ensure the normal and safe functioning of the suspension bridge,it is necessary to inspect for defects promptly,understand the cause of the defect,and locate it through the use of inspection technology.By promptly addressing defects,the suspension bridge’s safety can be ensured.The author has analyzed the common defects and causes of steel truss suspension bridges and proposed specific inspection technologies.This research is intended to aid in the timely discovery of steel truss suspension bridge defects.

Experimental research on ultimate bearing capacity of N-joints of grouted square steel tube trusses

Cave-in failure is apt to occur in joints of trusses made of square hollow sections. In order to turn the failure mode into a strength failure mode of joint members, the idea is proposed that the chord of the truss is grouted to increase the cave-in beating capacity of a hollow tube chord. An experiment of eight specimens of N- joints made of grout-filled square steel tubes is performed. Based on the experimental study, the geometrical parameters of specimens are analyzed, and the effects of the confinement index ε, the spacing between the two web members g and the ratio of side length of the vertical web member to that of the chord β on the behavior of specimens are investigated through simulation analysis by simulation analyses, the mechanical properties and the failure an ANSYS program. Based on the test results and modes of this kind of joints are analyzed and the formulae to predict the ultimate bearing capacities corresponding to different failure modes are developed. The ultimate bearing capacity of compressive N-joints is calculated in accordance with the cave-in failure mode of a chord member; the ultimate bearing capacity of tension N-joints is calculated in accordance with the punchingshear failure mode; the ultimate bearing capacity of a chord member is calculated in accordance with the shear failure mode in normal sections.

Research on seismic performance of shear walls with concrete filled steel tube columns and concealed steel trusses

In order to further improve the seismic performance of RC shear walls, a new composite shear wall with concrete filled steel tube （CFT） columns and concealed steel trusses is proposed. This new shear wall is a double composite shear wall; the first composite being the use of three different force systems, CFT, steel truss and shear wall, and the second the use of two different materials, steel and concrete. Three 1/5 scaled experimental specimens： a traditional RC shear wall, a shear wall with CFT columns, and a shear wall with CFT columns and concealed steel trusses, were tested under cyclic loading and the seismic performance indices of the shear walls were comparatively analyzed. Based on the data from these experiments, a thorough elastic-plastic finite element analysis and parametric analysis of the new shear walls were carried out using ABAQUS software. The finite element results of deformation, stress distribution, and the evolution of cracks in each phase were compared with the experimental results and showed good agreement. A mechanical model was also established for calculating the load-carrying capacity of the new composite shear walls. The results show that this new type of shear wall has improved seismic performance over the other two types of shear wails tested.

Bending behaviour of lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube spatial truss beam

A lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube(LACFST) spatial truss beam was tested under bending load. The performance was studied by the analysis of the beam deflection and strains in its chords and webs. According to the test results, several assumptions were made to deduce the bearing capacity calculation method based on the force balance of the whole section. An optimal dimension relationship for the truss beam chords was proposed and verified by finite element analysis. Results show that the LACFST spatial truss beam failed after excessive deflection. The strain distribution agreed with Bernoulli-Euler theoretical prediction. The truss beam flexural bearing capacity calculation results matched test evidence with only a 3% difference between the two. Finite element analyses with different chord dimensions show that the ultimate bearing capacity increases as the chord dimensions increase when the chords have a diameter smaller than optimal one; otherwise, it remains almost unchanged as the chord dimensions increase.

Experimental research on mechanical properties of prestressed truss concrete composite beam encased with circular steel tube

Tests of 4 simply supported unbonded prestressed truss concrete composite beams encased with circular steel tube were carried out. It is found that the ratio of the stress increment of the unbonded tendon to that of the tensile steel tube is 0.252 during the using stage,and the average crack space of beams depends on the ratio of the sum of the bottom chord steel tube's outside diameter and the secondary bottom chord steel tube's section area to the effective tensile concrete area. The coefficient of uneven crack distribution is 1.68 and the formula for the calculation of crack width is established. Test results indicate that the ultimate stress increment of unbonded tendon in the beams decreases in linearity with the increase of the composite reinforcement index β0. The pure bending region of beams accords with the plane section assumption from loading to failure. The calculation formula of ultimate stress increment of the unbonded tendon and the method to calculate the bearing capacity of normal section of beams have been presented. Besides,the method to calculate the stiffness of this sort of beams is brought forward as well.

Structural behaviors of steel roof truss exposed to pool fire

Experimental research was conducted to study the structural behaviors of a steel roof truss model without fire-proof coating under pool fire conditions. The data of temperature distribution and displacements of typical members were obtained. It is found that the temperature distribution of environment inside the structure, which is found to be in accordance with the multi-zone model with height, has a decisive effect on the tempera^tre evolution of steel members. Besides, it can also be observed that due to the restriction and coordination among the truss members in the localized fire, the maximum relative deflection, which occurs at the mid-span of the top chord, is relatively slight and has not exceeded 1 mm under experimental conditions. On the other hand, the column experiences a notable thermal expansion during the test. Then, a finite element model is presented and validated by the test results.

Seismic response of the long-span steel truss arch bridge with the thrust under multidimensional excitation

Purpose–Under different ground motion excitation modes,the spatial coupling effect of seismic response for the arch bridge with thrust,seismic weak parts and the internal force components of the control section of main arch ribs are analyzed.Design/methodology/approach–Taking a 490 m deck type railway steel truss arch bridge as the background,the dynamic calculation model of the whole bridge was established by SAP2000 software.The seismic response analyses under one-,two-and three-dimension(1D,2D and 3D)uniform ground motion excitations were carried out.Findings–For the steel truss arch bridge composed of multiple arch ribs,any single direction ground motion excitation will cause large axial force in the chord of arch rib.The axial force caused by transverse and vertical ground motion excitation in the chord of arch crown area is 1.4–3.6 times of the corresponding axial force under longitudinal seismic excitation.The in-plane bending moment caused by the lower chord at the vault is 4.2–5.5 times of the corresponding bending moment under the longitudinal seismic excitation.For the bottom chord of arch rib,the arch foot is the weak part of earthquake resistance,but for the upper chord of arch rib,the arch foot,arch crown and the intersection of column and upper chord can all be the potential earthquake-resistant weak parts.The normal stress of the bottom chord of the arch rib under multidimensional excitation is mainly caused by the axial force,but the normal stress of the upper chord of the arch rib is caused by the axial force,in-plane and out of plane bending moment.Originality/value–The research provides specific suggestions for ground motion excitation mode and also provides reference information for the earthquake-resistant weak part and seismic design of long-span deck type railway steel truss arch bridges.

Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Tall Building with Steel Transfer Trusses Located at a Higher Level

Based on a shaking table experiment of 1 :25 scale frame-shearwall structure model with steel transfer trusses,the dynamic characteristics,seismic responses in elastic and elastic-plastic phases with de- structive forms of the structure were studied.It was observed that cracks were developed with earthquake wave acceleration increasing,but no severe crack was developed in the structure during the experiment.In the seismic responses caused by artificial wave,site wave and E1 Centro wave,that caused by the artificial wave is the most intense one.Displacement angle between steel transfer trusses is large,which means the transfer stories might be weak.However,the seismic performance of the steel transfer trusses is good and the overall structure can satisfy seismic fortification requirements in the region of intensity 6.

Mechanic Analysis of the Key Node in Steel Truss Bridge

Steel truss bridges are frequently used in bridge engineering because of their good ability of spanning capacity, construction and light self-weight. Main trusses are the critical component of steel truss bridge and the main truss are made of truss members linked by integral joints. This paper presents the mechanic performance of key joints, and the codified design of joints in steel truss girders according to the latest European norms. The results showed that the fatigue resistance of welded joints evaluation is necessary to predict, detect, and repair the crack in time for the safety service life of the bridge. The stresses of integral joint are greater than that of truss members;the stresses in the center area of the integral joint are greater than the stress at the edge.

Hysteretic model for bending-type frictional steel truss coupling beams

As a novel coupling beam for coupled shear wall structures,the bending-type frictional steel truss coupling beam(BFTCB)concentrates the deformation and energy dissipation in friction dampers at the bottom chord,allowing the main body to remain elastic during earthquakes.As the preparatory work for resilient structure design based on the BFTCB,this work concentrates on developing the hysteretic model for BFTCB.Firstly,the BFTCB stiffness-strength decoupling mechanism was introduced,i.e.,the shear strength is provided by friction dampers while webs control its initial stiffness.Secondly,a hysteretic model that reflects the BFTCB two-stage sliding characteristic was proposed.The model consists of a trilinear backbone curve and the unloading and reverse loading rules.The model has eight control parameters,of which two core parameters(initial stiffness and limiting shear strength)are derived from the BFTCB stiffness-strength decoupling mechanism,whereas the remaining parameters are obtained by theoretical analysis and empirical calibration.The hysteretic model was then compared with the test curves and demonstrated good accuracy.Finally,a series of FE prototypes of BFTCB with different design stiffnesses and strengths was adopted to verify the hysteretic model.The results showed that the proposed model fitted well with the FE prototypes,indicating its applicability to BFTCB with varying core design parameters.Therefore,the hysteretic model can be adopted for BFTCB to support the resilient shear wall structure design.

外嵌钢板UHPC无腹筋梁抗剪性能试验研究

超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)构件通常设计为无腹筋梁等薄壁形式,以适应结构装配化的需求。为提高UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪承载力并简化施工,提出外嵌钢板UHPC无腹筋梁的新型结构形式。选取钢板面积、间距、倾斜角度、单侧或双侧布置为试验参数,完成7片UHPC梁的抗剪性能试验,获得各试验梁的裂缝分布、破坏模式、抗剪承载力及剪切延性等结果。基于桁架-拱理论,提出外嵌钢板UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪计算模型,推导了相应的计算公式。结果表明:外嵌钢板能够有效提升UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪强度,斜裂缝均能越过钢板,钢板能起到和箍筋类似的作用;将箍筋分项抗剪贡献换算为等量钢板的外嵌钢板梁承载力略低于有腹筋梁,在同等用钢量下,钢板单、双侧布置对承载力影响不大;斜向钢板试件裂缝发展更为充分,双面外嵌钢板梁表现出较好的剪切延性;按桁架-拱理论的计算值与试验值之比为1.02,吻合较好。外嵌斜钢板梁表现出良好的结构性能,具有较好的研究潜力和应用前景。

基于车桥耦合振动的双层钢桁梁斜拉桥行车舒适度分析

探究车辆在双层钢桁梁斜拉桥的行车舒适性,为优化双层桥梁结构设计理论提供依据。以车桥耦合振动理论为基础,利用ANSYS分析软件进行数值模拟,通过求解车体的振动加速度,并根据《机械振动和冲击—评估人体暴露于全身振动的情况》(ISO2631-1)中均方根乘值法对乘车舒适性进行评价,探究了单(双)层加载、车速、车载质量、桥面不平顺度、车辆间距、车辆数目等因素对行车舒适性的影响。相较于单层通车,上下层同时通车时车体的振动强度略微降低;当车载质量越小或车速越大时,车体的加速度均方根值会逐渐增大;路面对车体振动强度影响较大,当路面等级处于较差的D级和E级时,车体振动强度会成倍增加。双层同时加载时,车辆的行车舒适性略优于单层通车;保持适当的车速或增大车载质量可以提高司乘人员的行车舒适性;行车舒适性对于路面等级较为敏感,当路面等级较差时,车内司乘人员受其影响无法长时间乘车。

基于Python的ABAQUS华伦形钢桁梁多尺度模型二次开发

华伦形钢桁梁是目前大跨度铁路悬索桥应用最多的加劲梁形式,但由于结构形式复杂且桥梁跨度不断增加,导致建模过程繁琐。为提高多尺度模型前处理效率,基于Python语言开发了华伦形钢桁梁与桥面板快速建模插件,通过内核执行代码与ABAQUS GUI图形界面交互实现了钢桁梁节段的参数化建模。以我国西南峡谷地区在建SQ铁路悬索桥为例,建立了全桥的多尺度有限元模型,对典型钢梁节段吊装过程进行了抗风验算,并与MIDAS、ANSYS两类有限元软件的计算结果进行了对比,风致位移响应在不同吊装高度的趋势基本一致且误差较小。研究结果表明:所开发的快速建模插件各预设功能均可正常实现,在确保计算精度的同时极大地提高了复杂钢桁梁结构的建模效率。

浅析大碧河渡槽槽身、吊管钢桁架吊装施工

为了解决大碧河渡槽槽身与清水沟吊管钢桁架吊装施工中的复杂性和安全性问题,本文首先分析了吊装前的准备工作,包括现场准备和通信联络方式。然后详细阐述了吊装施工中的难点及对策,包括吊装高度大、构件重量大等问题的解决措施,以及吊装工序流程和稳定措施。最后,提出了保证质量的技术措施,如严格检查构件尺寸、合理安装顺序等。本文为类似大型构件吊装施工提供了宝贵的参考帮助,确保了施工安全和质量。

大型综合交通枢纽工程栈桥搭设工艺研究

以重庆东站站东路栈桥的搭设工艺为例,探究了栈桥搭设的施工工艺与安装工艺技术。从基础浇筑、钢管柱的运输和施工、桩顶处理、柱间单片桁架支撑、门架主梁安装、承重纵梁安装、预先拼装桥面路基板并吊装、附属设施施工等步骤进行全面阐述,并通过规范与数值模拟进行施工验算,该栈桥搭设的成功实施为同类项目提供技术参考和经验总结。

大型建筑钢结构施工及防震安全研究

桥梁是公路交通系统的重要组成部分,起到衔接和枢纽的作用。桥梁的安全关系到整个公路交通网络的安全。针对大型桥梁的建筑问题,提出一种用于大跨度钢结构的施工技术——桁架施工方案,包括桁架施工的流程和关键点。针对桥梁在使用过程中可能受到的各种震动及其引发自振所带来的安全问题,进一步提出防震安全测试方法。在这些方法中,提出了3种模型,分别是基于虚功的防震测试模型、基于增量的防震测试模型、基于自振的防震测试模型。实验过程中,对施工桥梁多个点位进行测试,测试结果显示,在3种防震测试方法中,基于自振的防震测试模型效果最好,可以为钢结构桥梁的防震性能提供准确的分析和预测。

基于ANSYS的有限元仿真在钢桁架管桥结构加固中的应用

针对钢桁架结构安全的传统评价方法的不足,以某钢桁架管桥加固工程为例,提出采用有限元软件ANSYS进行结构仿真计算的安全评价方法。通过仿真模拟分析出现状钢桁架管桥整体的最大位移大于规范允许值,需采取加固措施,然后对加固后钢桁架管桥的结构安全进行仿真计算复核,结果表明整体的最大位移和稳定满足要求。研究成果可为类似工程提供参考,为桁架结构安全鉴定及除险加固提供可靠的技术支撑。

钢筋桁架楼承板在现浇混凝土结构中的施工应用

钢筋桁架楼承板作为一种重要的装配式结构构件,可以提高建筑施工质量,加快施工速度,在装配式建筑中得到广泛应用。依托实际工程,对钢筋桁架楼承板应用于现浇钢筋混凝土结构中的施工工艺与要点进行归纳总结,提出钢筋桁架楼承板与现浇混凝土结构间的连接节点是制约施工效率与施工质量的重要因素,并给出几种常用的钢筋桁架楼承板与现浇结构间连接方案。

Composite active control system of roof and side truss cable for large section coal roadway in fold coal pillar area

In order to solve the surrounding rock control problem of large section gangue replacement roadway under complicated conditions, this paper analyzed the impact to the roadway controlling produced by the geological conditions such as high ground stress, folded structure tilted roof asymmetry and soft wall rock, and built the tilt layered roof structural mechanics model to clarify the increase span mechanism of the weak coal instability. Then, we proposed the combined control system including roof inclined truss cable, coal-side cable-channel steel and intensive bolt support. And then by building the structural mechanics model of roof inclined truss cable system, the support principle was described. Besides, according to this model, we deduced the calculation formula of cable anchoring force and its tensile stress. Finally surrounding rock control technology of large section roadway in fold coal pillar area was formed. Field practice shows that the greatest roof convergence of gangue replacement roadway is 158 mm and coal-side deformation is 243 mm. Roadway deformation is controlled effectively and technical support is provided for replacement mining.