Synchronous manifestation of colorectal cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

High rates of extrapancreatic malignancies,in particular colorectal cancer(CRC),have been detected in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN).So far,there is no distinct explanation in the literature for the development of secondary or synchronous malignancies in patients with IPMN.In the past few years,some data related to common genetic alterations in IPMN and other affiliated cancers have been published.This review elucidated the association between IPMN and CRC,shedding light on the most relevant genetic alterations that may explain the possible relationship between these entities.In keeping with our findings,we suggested that once the diagnosis of IPMN is made,special consideration of CRC should be undertaken.Presently,there are no specific guidelines regarding colorectal screening programs for patients with IPMN.We recommend that patients with IPMNs are at high-risk for CRC,and a more rigorous colorectal surveillance program should be implemented.

Cytochrome P450 2E1 genetic polymorphism and gastric cancer in Changle,Fujian Province

AIM: Genetic polymorphism in enzymes of carcinogen metabolism has been found to have the influence on the susceptibility to cancer. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is considered to play an important role in the metabolic activation of procarcinogens such as N-nitrosoamines and low molecular weight organic compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine whether CYP450 2E1 polymorphisms are associated with risks of gastric cancer. METHODS: We conducted a population based case-control study in Changle county, Fujian Province, a high-risk region of gastric cancer in China. Ninety-one incident gastric cancer patients and ninety-four healthy controls were included in our study. Datas including demographic characteristics, diet intake, and alcohol and tobacco consumption of individuals in our study were completed by a standardized questionnaire.PCR-RFLP revealed three genotypes:heterozygote (C1/C2) and two homozygotes (C1/C1 and C2/C2) in CYP2E1. RESULTS: The frequency of variant genotypes (C1/C2 and C2/C2) in gastric cancer cases and controls was 36.3% and 24.5%, respectively. The rare homozygous C2/C2 genotype was found in 6 individuals in gastric cancer group(6.6%), whereas there was only one in the control group (1.1%). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (two-tailed Fisher's exact test P=0.066). Individuals in gastric cancer group were more likely to carry genotype C1/C2 (odds ratio, OR=1.50) and C2/C2 (OR=7.34) than individuals in control group (chi(2) =4.597, for trend P=0.032). The frequencies of genotypes with the C2 allele (C1/C2 and C2/C2 genotypes) were compared with those of genotypes without C2 allele (C1/C1 genotype) among individuals in gastric cancer group and control group according to the pattern of gastric cancer risk factors. The results show that individuals who exposed to these gastric cancer risk factors and carry the C2 allele seemed to have a higher risk of developing gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene may have some effect in the development of gastric cancer in Changle county, Fujian Province.

Genetic factors determining the host response to Helicobacter pylori

INTRODUCTIONThe strongest evidence that H.pylori infection isthe cause of peptic ulcer is that treatment withantibiotics as the only regimen,is not only effectivefor the clearance and eradication of the infection,but more importantly for the healing of the ulcer orthe remission of gastric lymphoma.However,it isstill a matter of controversy and research as to

Epigenetic changes of pituitary tumor-derived transforming gene 1 in pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with abnormal genetic changes. The pituitary tumor-derived transforming gene (PTTG) is considered to be implicated in the tumorigenesis of cancers when the gene is epigenetically transformed. In this study, we investigated the relationships between aberrant expression and epigenetic changes of the PTTG1 gene in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We chose 4 cell lines (PANC-1, Colo357, T3M-4 and PancTu I) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues. After using restriction isoschizomer endonucleases (Msp I /Hpa II) to digest the DNA sequence (5'-CCGG-3'), we performed PCR reaction to amplify the product. And RT-PCR was applied to determine the gene expression. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of the PTTG1 gene was higher in pancreatic tumor than in normal tissue. The gene was also expressed in the 4 PDAC cell lines. The methylation states of the upstream regions of the PTTG1 gene were almost identical in normal, tumor pancreatic tissues and the 4 PDAC cell lines. Some (5'-CCGG-3') areas in the upstream region of PTTG1 were methylated, while some others were unmethylated. CONCLUSIONS: The oncogene PTTG1 was overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissues and verified by RT-PCR detection. The methylation status of DNA in promoter areas was involved in the gene expression with the help of other factors in pancreatic cancer.

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm:Progress in Cell Origin,Molecular Biology,Diagnostic Criteria and Therapeutic Approaches

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare hematological malignancy characterized by recurrent skin nodules,an aggressive clinical course with rapid involvement of hematological organs,and a poor prognosis with poor overall survival.BPDCN is derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)and its pathogenesis is unclear.The tumor cells show aberrant expression of CD4,CD56,interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain(CD 123),blood dendritic cell antigen 2(BDCA 2/CD303),blood dendritic cell antigen 4(BDCA4)and transcription factor(E protein)E2-2(TCF4).The best treatment drugs are based on experience by adopting those used for either leukemia or lymphoma.Relapse with drug resistance generally occurs quickly.Stem cell transplantation after the first complete remission is recommended and tagraxofusp is the first targeted therapy.In this review,we summarize the differentiation of BPDCN from its cell origin,its connection with normal pDCs,clinical characteristics,genetic mutations and advances in treatment of BPDCN.This review provides insights into the mechanisms of and new therapeutic approaches for BPDCN.

Genetic polymorphisms in genes regulating cell death and prognosis of patients with rectal cancer receiving postoperative chemoradiotherapy

Objective:The identification of biomarkers for predicting chemoradiotherapy efficacy is essential to optimize personalized treatment.This study determined the effects of genetic variations in genes involved in apoptosis,pyroptosis,and ferroptosis on the prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer receiving postoperative chemoradiotherapy(CRT).Methods:The Sequenom MassARRAY was used to detect 217 genetic variations in 40 genes from 300 patients with rectal cancer who received postoperative CRT.The associations between genetic variations and overall survival(OS)were evaluated using hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)computed using a Cox proportional regression model.Functional experiments were performed to determine the functions of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase(ALOX5)gene and the ALOX5 rs702365 variant.Results:We detected 16 genetic polymorphisms in CASP3,CASP7,TRAILR2,GSDME,CASP4,HO-1,ALOX5,GPX4,and NRF2 that were significantly associated with OS in the additive model(P<0.05).There was a substantial cumulative effect of three genetic polymorphisms(CASP4 rs571407,ALOX5 rs2242332,and HO-1 rs17883419)on OS.Genetic variations in the CASP4 and ALOX5 gene haplotypes were associated with a higher OS.We demonstrated,for the first time,that rs702365[G]>[C]represses ALOX5 transcription and corollary experiments suggested that ALOX5 may promote colon cancer cell growth by mediating an inflammatory response.Conclusions:Polymorphisms in genes regulating cell death may play essential roles in the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer who are treated with postoperative CRT and may serve as potential genetic biomarkers for individualized treatment.

GSTM1,GSTT1,GSTP1 and CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal cancer in a French population:Different pattern of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

AIM:To evaluate the association between CYP1A1 and GSTs genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(ADC)in a high risk area of northwest of France. METHODS:A case-control study was conducted to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes (CYPIAI*2C and GSTP1 exon 7 Val alleles,GSTMI*2/*2 and GSTTl *2/*2 null genotypes).A total of 79 esophageal cancer cases and 130 controls were recruited. RESULTS:GSTMI*2/*2 and CYPIAI*IA/*2C genotype frequencies were higher among squamous cell carcinomas at a level dose to statistical significance(OR =1.83,95% CI 0.88-3.83,P=0.11;OR=3.03,95% CI 0.93-9.90,P=0.07, respectively).For GSTP1 polymorphism,no difference was found between controls and cases,whatever their histological status.Lower frequency of GSTT1 deletion was observed in ADC group compared to controls with a statistically significant difference(OR=13.31,95% CI 1.66-106.92,P<0.01). CONCLUSION:In SCC,our results are consistent with the strong association of this kind of tumour with tobacco exposure.In ADC,our results suggest 3 distinct hypotheses: (1)activation of exogenous procarcinogens,such as small halogenated compounds by GSTT1;(2)contribution of GSTT1 to the inflammatory response of esophageal mucosa,which is known to be a strong risk factor for ADC, possibly through leukotriene synthesis;(3)higher sensitivity to the inflammatory process associated with intracellular depletion of glutathione.

Efficacy Differences of First-line EGFR-TKIs Alone vs in Combination with Chemotherapy in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Sensitive EGFR Mutation and Concomitant Non-EGFR Genetic Alterations

Background and objective:Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations are often associated with non-EGFR genetic alterations,which maybe a reason for the poor efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs).Here we conducted this study to explore whether EGFR-TKIs combined with chemotherapy would benefit advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with both sensitive EGFR mutation and concomitant non-EGFR genetic alterations.Materials and methods:Cases of advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation combined with concomitant nonEGFR genetic alterations were retrospectively collected.And the patients were required to receive first-line EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy combination or EGFR-TKIs monotherapy.Demographic,clinical and pathological data were collected,and the electronic imaging data were retrieved to evaluate the efficacy and time of disease progression.Survival data were obtained through face-to-face or telephone follow-up.The differences between the two groups in objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were investigated.Results:107 patients were included,including 63 cases in the combination group and 44 cases in the monotherapy group.The ORR were 78%and 50%(P=0.003),and DCR were 97%and 77%(P=0.002),respectively.At a median follow-up of 13.7 mon,a PFS event occurred in 38.1%and 81.8%of patients in the two groups,with median PFS of18.8 mon and 5.3 mon,respectively(P<0.000,1).Median OS was unreached in the combination group,and 27.8 mon in the monotherapy group(P=0.31).According to the Cox multivariate regression analysis,combination therapy was an independent prognostic factor of PFS.Conclusion:In patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma with concomitant non-EGFR genetic alterations,combination of TKIs and chemotherapy was significantly superior to EGFR-TKIs monotherapy,which should be the preferred treatment option.

GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms in gastric cancer and chronic gastritis in a Brazilian population

AIM:To test the hypothesis that,in the Southeastern Brazilian population,the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. METHODS:We conducted a study on 100 cases of gastric cancer (GC),100 cases of chronic gastritis (CG),and 150 controls (C).Deletion of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was assessed by multiplex PCR.CYP2E1/Pst1 genotyping was performed using a PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS:No relationship between GSTT1/GSTM1 deletion and the c1/c2 genotype of CYP2E1 was observed among the three groups.However,a significant difference between CG and C was observed,due to a greater number of GSTT1/GSTM1 positive genotypes in the CG group.The GSTT1 null genotype occurred more frequently in Negroid subjects,and the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasians,while the GSTM1 positive genotype was observed mainly in individuals with chronic gastritis infected with H pylori. CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that there is no obvious relationship between the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer.

Clinicopathological and molecular genetic analysis of 4 typical Chinese HNPCC families

AIM: To study the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of typical Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis cotorectal cancer (HNPCC) families. METHODS: Four typical Chinese HNPCC families were analyzed using microdissection, microsatellite instability analysis, immunostaining of hMSH2 and hMLH1 proteins and direct DNA sequencing of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes. RESULTS: All five tumor tissues of 4 probands from the 4 typical Chinese HNPCC families showed microsatellite instability at more than two loci (MSI-H or RER+ phenotype). Three out of the 4 cases lost hMSH2 protein expression and the other case showed no hMLH1 protein expression. Three pathological germline mutations (2 in hMSH2 and 1 in hMLH1), which had not been reported previously, were identified. The same mutations were also found in other affected members of two HNPCC families,respectively. CONCLUSION: Typical Chinese HNPCC families showed relatively frequent germline mutation of mismatch repair genes. High-level microsatellite instability and loss of expression of mismatch repair genes correlated closely with germline mutation of mismatch repair genes. Microsatellite instability analysis and immunostaining of mismatch repair gene might serve as effective screening methods before direct DNA sequencing. It is necessary to establish clinical criteria and molecular diagnostic strategies more suitable for Chinese HNPCC families.

Genetic variation of the PSCA gene(rs2294008) is not associated with the risk of prostate cancer

Prostate stem cell antigen（PSCA） is a cell-membrane glycoprotein consisting of 123 amino acids and highly expressed in the prostate,but there have been few reports on the relationship between rs2294008 of PSCA and prostate cancer in the literature.Therefore,we evaluated the association between rs2294008 and the risk of prostate cancer.A total of 240 prostate cancer patients and 306 controls（patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia） were enrolled.Genotype analysis of rs2294008 of PSCA was performed using PCR.Logistic regression analysis was performed according to the genotype of PSCA rs2294008.We found that CT and TT genotypes were associated with an insignificant risk of prostate cancer compared with the CC genotype（P= 0.627 and 0.397,respectively）.In addition,there was no significant difference in rs2294008 according to clinicopathological parameters,such as age,Gleason score,prostate-specific antigen（PSA）,stage,and metastasis in prostate cancer（P 〉 0.05 for each）.Age,Gleason score,PSA,pathologic stage,and metastasis did not modify the association between PSCA and the risk of prostate cancer（each P 〉 0.05 for each）.Taken together,the genetic polymorphism of PSCA rs2294008 was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.Our results suggest that rs2294008 may not play a role in prostate carcinogenesis.

Role of Genetic Ancestry in Oropharyngeal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil

Background: HPV infection represents an important etiologic factor for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC). The different ethnic backgrounds could be related to different susceptibility to Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of our study was to assess the whole of genetic ancestry in HPV status in OPSCC patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients with OPSCC admitted to the Barretos Cancer Hospital, Brazil from 2014 to 2019. Of these, DNA extraction was performed on 40 patients and genetic ancestry was assessed using a specific panel of 46 informative ancestry markers. Results: We observed a predominance of European ancestry (63%), followed by African (18%), Amerindian (9%) and Asian (8%) both in the OPSCC HPV-positive and HPV-negative group. We did not find any statistically significant differences between the HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC groups in relation to European (p = 0.499), African (p = 0.448), Asian (p = 0.275) or Amerindian (p = 0.836) ancestry. Conclusions: We found a predominance of European ancestry, both in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups. In our study, we did not find statistically significant differences between HPV-positive or HPV-negative groups in relation to ancestry.

A Genetic Epidemiological Study on Esophageal Cancer and Carcinoma of the Gastric Cardia in Cixian County of Hebei Province

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of family aggregation and genetic factors of esophageal cancer （EC）, including carcinoma of gastric cardia （CGC）, in Cixian county, and to calculate the segregation ratio and heritability of first-degree relatives （FDR） in EC cases.METHODS A case control study was conducted, and each of 285 esophageal cancer cases and FDR＇s case history and family medical history of EC in 1415 controls was carried by home visits to compare the incidence of EC in the crowds. The family aggregation of EC was found by X2 test for goodness of fit test according to binomial distribution. Li-Mantel-Gart method was used to calculate the segregation ratio and Falconer method was employed to compute the heritability （h2）.RESULTS The incidence rate of the FDR in the index case of EC （12.80%） was higher than that in the controls （7.52%）. There were significant differences between the 2 groups （X2= 44.34, P = 0.000）. The distribution of EC in the family did not agree with the binomial distribution, which presented a conspicuous familial aggregation （X2= 288.19, P 〈 0.0001）. The heritability of EC was （29.67 ±4.32）%, and segregation ratio was 0.1814 （95%CI = 0.1574-0.2054）, which is lower than 0.25, and can be regarded as a disease of multi-factorial inheritance.CONCLUSION The occurrence of EC in the Cixian County is the outcome of the mutual effect of genetic and environmental factors. The family history of upper gastrointestinal cancers increases the risk of EC in late generations.

SH2B3基因在髓系肿瘤中的突变位点及频率分析

目的:分析SH2B接头蛋白3(SH2B3)基因在髓系肿瘤中的突变位点及频率。方法:回顾性分析2017年11月至2022年11月首都医科大学宣武医院血液内科髓系肿瘤相关基因靶向DNA测序结果,筛选出携带SH2B3基因突变的患者,收集患者人口学资料及临床资料,分析SH2B3基因突变类型、突变位点、发生频率、共突变基因以及与疾病间的关系。结果:测序结果来自1005例患者,有19例患者检测到SH2B3基因突变,其中错义突变18例(94.74%),无义突变1例(5.26%),10例患者同时伴发其他突变(52.63%),突变等位基因频率(VAF)分布于0.03-0.66;发生频率最高的突变为p.Ile568Thr(5/19,26.32%),平均VAF为0.49,涉及1例MDS/MPN-RS(伴SF3B1突变)、1例MDS-U(伴SF3B1突变)、1例再生障碍性贫血伴PNH克隆(伴PIGA和KMT2A突变)、2例MDS-MLD(其中1例伴SETBP1突变);其余突变包括2例p.Ala567Thr(10.53%),p.Arg566Trp、p.Glu533Lys、p.Met437Arg、p.Arg425Cys、p.Glu314Lys、p.Arg308*、p.Gln294Glu、p.Arg282Gln、p.Arg175Gln、p.Gly86Cys、p.His55Asn和p.Gln54Pro各1例。结论:SH2B3基因在髓系肿瘤中突变位点分布较广,重现性低,其中p.Ile568Thr突变发生率较高,常与其他疾病特征性突变共存。

基于脂质代谢相关转移风险基因的肝细胞癌患者预后预测模型的构建

目的基于相关数据库分析筛选肝细胞癌(HCC)脂质代谢相关转移风险基因,并联合其他临床危险因素构建患者的预后预测模型。方法应用R软件从GEO数据库中获得原发性和转移性HCC患者的差异表达基因(DEGs),并筛选与患者预后相关的DEGs。将TCGA数据库中的HCC患者通过层次聚类分为两组,评估两组患者EMT评分、脂质代谢水平和预后。应用ICGC数据库中的数据再次对上述分析进行验证。应用LASSO回归模型筛选脂质代谢相关转移风险基因并进行风险评分,通过风险评分中位数分别将TCGA和ICGC数据库中HCC患者分为高、低危组,并分析患者的预后。应用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析获得影响HCC患者预后的独立危险因素,并构建列线图预后模型。采用Western blot和油红O染色检测应用脂质代谢抑制剂Fatostatin后Huh7细胞脂质代谢的情况;采用qPCR技术检测Huh7细胞中脂质代谢相关转移风险基因表达水平。结果从GEO数据库中获得原发性和转移性HCC患者的DEGs共159个,其中65个DEGs与HCC患者的OS显著相关。通过EMT评分将TCGA数据库中聚类所得的两组HCC患者分别定义为高、低转移风险组。高转移风险组患者脂质代谢评分更高,OS更短。在ICGC数据库中验证的结果与TCGA数据库一致。应用LASSO回归模型筛选出脂质代谢相关转移风险基因,高危组OS更短。将脂质代谢相关转移风险基因与影响HCC患者预后的独立危险因素相结合,构建预后预测列线图模型。细胞实验证实,应用Fatostatin后,Huh7细胞的脂肪酸合酶表达降低,细胞内脂滴含量减少,多种脂质代谢相关转移风险基因表达发生变化。结论基于数据库分析获得了13个脂质代谢相关转移风险基因,将这些基因和临床危险因素联合构建了HCC患者的预后预测模型,并通过细胞实验初步验证了脂质代谢相关转移风险基因与脂质代谢密切相关。

DNA修复基因ERCC1多态性与肺癌易感性的关系

背景与目的最近研究发现DNA修复基因多态性可以影响到肿瘤的易感性,因此通过不同的DNA修复基因可筛选出肿瘤的易感人群,从而有望达到肿瘤的早期预防、诊断和治疗。本研究旨在分析DNA修复基因ERCC1多态性及其与肺癌易感性的关系。方法采用病例-对照研究,收集上海肺科医院原发性肺癌患者291例为病例组,同期住院的非肿瘤患者273例作为对照组,并进行流行病学调查。应用Taqman探针结合实时荧光PCR方法分析病例组和对照组的ERCC1基因T118C的多态性分布,比较不同基因型与肺癌易感性的关系,以及基因多态性与吸烟对肺癌的交互作用。结果在不吸烟人群中,ERCC1基因118位点3种基因型在病例组和对照组人群中分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.19,P<0.01)。在不吸烟人群中,与携带野生纯合基因型(C/C)相比,携带突变纯合基因型(T/T)者患肺癌的风险会增加,其校正OR值为3.16(95%CI:1.29-7.73,P<0.01)。以携带野生纯合基因型(C/C)且不吸烟者作为参照,吸烟>25包-年且携带野生纯合基因型(C/C)或杂合基因型(C/T)者患肺癌的风险均会提高,其校正OR值分别为2.62(95%CI:1.54-4.44)、2.41(95%CI:1.36-4.26,P<0.01)。以携带野生基因型者作为参照,携带突变纯合基因型者患腺癌的风险度会增加,其OR值为2.29(95%CI:1.05-4.78,P=0.03)。结论DNA修复基因ERCC1118C/T多态性可能对肺癌易感性产生影响,并可能与吸烟有一定的协同作用。

代谢酶基因多态性与肺癌易感性关系的研究

目的 探讨代谢活化酶细胞色素P45 0 1A1(CYP1A1)、2D6(CYP2D6)、2E1(CYP2E1)和代谢解毒酶谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 (GSTM 1)基因多态性与肺癌易感性的关系及重度吸烟对肺癌易感性的影响。方法 采用PCR、PCR RFLP等技术检测 180例原发性肺癌患者及 2 2 4例肺部良性疾病患者和正常人 (对照组 )外周血代谢酶基因型。结果 CYP1A1突变等位基因 (m )、CYP2D6野生型等位基因 (w )、CYP2E1A基因型和GSTM 1功能缺失型 ( -)可使患肺癌的危险性增加到 1.5 0～ 1.5 8倍 (P <0 .0 5 )。携带GSTM 1( -)者若同时携带CYP1A1、2D6或 2E1中任意 1个易感基因型 ,可使患肺癌的危险性升高到 2 .2 4～ 2 .69倍 (P <0 .0 5 )。携带相同基因型者 ,重度吸烟比不吸烟者患肺癌的危险性显著升高。重度吸烟人群中携带 4种易感基因型者患肺癌的危险性显著增高 ,达 9.85倍 ( 95 %CI =2 .3 0～ 45 .71)。结论 代谢酶基因的易感等位基因携带者患肺癌的危险性上升 ,且与烟草致癌物暴露剂量呈正相关。

细胞色素P450 2E1基因多态与肝癌遗传易感性研究

目的：探讨细胞色素 P450 2E1基因多态与肝癌的关系。方法：应用 PCR RFLP方法对 84例肝癌患者和 144例健康对照的细胞色素 P450 2E1基因 Rsa I多态进行检测。结果：病例组基因型 A频率为 71.43％，等位基因 c1频率为 84.52％，对照组则分别为 55.56％和 75.35％，两组差别均有统计学意义 (P0.05)。结论：细胞色素 P450 2E1基因 Rsa I多态位点的基因型 A或等位基因 c1增加了个体患肝癌的危险性。

CASP3基因多态及单体型分布与乳腺癌危险性的关联研究

目的:探讨CASP3基因单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法:采用以自然人群为基础的病例对照设计,对251例乳腺癌患者与以1∶1频数匹配原则获得的251例对照者进行研究。从HapMap数据库中获取CASP3的TagSNPs数据,根据入选标准确定rs4647693、rs2696056和rs4647610共3个TagSNPs进行分析。基因分型采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,单体型分析采用PHASE软件进行估计和比较。结果:以对照组初潮年龄中位数(16岁)分组,乳腺癌组和对照组间初潮年龄有统计学差异(P=0.007);以对照组平均初孕年龄中位数(24岁)分组,两组间分布有统计学差异(P=0.002)。年龄、吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、生理生育史等因素在乳腺癌组和对照组中分布无统计学差异。CASP3 TagSNPs的多态基因型在两组间的分布均无统计学上的差异(P>0.05),经年龄、吸烟、饮酒、生理生育史等因素校正后发现,CASP3基因多态与乳腺癌发病亦没有统计学意义上的关联(P>0.05)。应用PHASE分析软件的结果显示,GGA是CASP3最常见的单体型。单体型分布在乳腺癌组和对照组间不具有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:CASP3基因TagSNPs多态与乳腺癌发病风险可能不存在关联。

GSTM1和CYP2E1基因多态性与肺癌遗传易感性关系的研究

背景与目的 肺癌是中国人群恶性肿瘤死因的首位,其发病可能与肺癌人群中某些肺癌相关基 因的遗传多态性有关。本研究旨在探讨细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)基因RsaⅠ/PstⅠ多态性和谷胱甘肽转 移酶M1(GSTM1)基因多态性与肺癌易感性之间是否存在相关性。方法 应用PCR RFLP和PCR法检测 99例人非小细胞肺癌患者和66例同期住院的肺良性疾病患者CYP2E1基因的RsaⅠ/PstⅠ多态性和 GSTM1基因多态性,并分析其与肺癌遗传易感性的相关性。结果 (1)CYP2E1基因RsaⅠ/PstⅠ多态性的 三种基因型在肺癌组和对照组的频率差异没有统计学意义(χ2=1.374,P=0.241)。(2)肺癌组GSTM1(-) 基因型频率显著高于对照组(分别为57.6%和40.9%)(χ2=4.401,P=0.036)。(3)携带GSTM1(-)基因型 的个体患肺癌的危险性显著高于GSTM1(+)基因型的个体(OR=1.96,95%CI=1.042～3.689,P= 0.037)。(4)与携带c1/c2或c2/c2基因型的不吸烟个体比较,携带c1/c1基因型的吸烟者患肺癌的风险显著 增加(OR=3.525,95%CI=1.168～10.638,P=0.025)。(5)联合分析CYP2E1基因RsaⅠ/PstⅠ多态性和 GSTM1基因多态性,携带有c1/c1和GSTM1(-)基因型的个体患肺癌的风险显著高于携带GSTM1(+)和 c1/c2或c2/c2基因型的个体(OR=3.