Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease:Updated examination of mechanisms,pathophysiology,treatment,and association with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus.LPRD commonly presents with symptoms such as hoarseness,cough,sore throat,a feeling of throat obstruction,excessive throat mucus.This complex condition is thought to involve both reflux and reflex mechanisms,but a clear understanding of its molecular mechanisms is still lacking.Currently,there is no standardized diagnosis or treatment protocol.Therapeutic strategies for LPRD mainly include lifestyle modifications,proton pump inhibitors and endoscopic surgery.This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature regarding the mechanisms,pathophysiology and treatment of LPRD.We also provide an in-depth exploration of the association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

A combined treatment for patients with dry eye and associated laryngopharyngeal reflux:a real-life approach

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of administering a combined therapy in patients with dry eye syndrome(DES)and associated laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR).METHODS:The study was retrospective,open,observational,and conducted in a real-life setting.Patients had pathological symptom assessment in dry eye(SANDE)and reflux symptom index(RSI)at baseline.Patients were re-assessed after 1mo and at the end of treatment.The treatment consisted of a three-month course based on the combined therapy:Gastroftal eye drops,one drop three times a day,and Gastroftal tablets,two tablets after lunch and two tablets after dinner.Tear break-up-time(TBUT)test,Schirmer test,RSI,and SANDE questionnaire were evaluated.RESULTS:The study included 253 patients.The mean age was 58±11.19y.TBUT test score and Schirmer’s test significantly increased(both P<0.001)after 1mo and at the end of treatment.The RSI score and SANDE scores significantly decreased(both P<0.001)after 1mo and at the end of treatment.CONCLUSION:The current,retrospective,and open study shows that combined therapy using Gastroftal eye drops and tablets could represent a valuable option in managing patients with DES associated with LPR.

New aspects in the pathomechanism and diagnosis of the laryngopharyngeal reflux-clinical impact of laryngeal proton pumps and pharyngeal p H metry in extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease

AIM:To determine the laryngeal H+K+-ATPase and pharyngeal p H in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)-symptoms as well as to assess the symptom scores during PPI therapy.METHODS:Endoscopy was performed to exclude neoplasia and to collect biopsies from the posterior cricoid area(immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis).Immunohistochemical staining was performed with monoclonal mouse antibodies against human H+K+-ATPase.Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for each of the H+K+-ATPase subunits was performed.The p H values were assessed in the aerosolized environment of the oropharynx(Dxp H Catheter) and compared to a subsequently applied combined p H/MII measurement.RESULTS:Twenty patients with LPR symptoms were included.In only one patient,the laryngeal H+K+-ATPase was verified by immunohistochemical staining.In another patient,real-time RT-PCR for each H+K+-ATPase subunit was positive.Fourteen out of twenty patients had pathological results in Dxp H,and 6/20 patients had pathological results in p H/MII.Four patients had pathological results in both functional tests.Nine out of twenty patients responded to PPIs.CONCLUSION:The laryngeal H+K+-ATPase can only be sporadically detected in patients with LPR symptoms and is unlikely to cause the LPR symptoms.Alternative hypotheses for the pathomechanism are needed.The role of pharyngeal p H-metry remains unclearand its use can only be recommended for patients in a research study setting.

Nissen fundoplication vs proton pump inhibitors for laryngopharyngeal reflux based on p H-monitoring and symptom-scale

AIM To compare the outcomes between laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication(LNF)and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)therapy in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)and typeⅠhiatal hernia diagnosed by oropharyngeal p H-monitoring and symptom-scale assessment.METHODS From February 2014 to January 2015,70 patients who were diagnosed with LPR and type I hiatal hernia and referred for symptomatic assessment,oropharyngeal p H-monitoring,manometry,and gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study.All of the patients met the inclusion criteria.All of the patients underwent LNF or PPIs administration,and completed a2-year follow-up.Patients’baseline characteristics and primary outcome measures,including comprehensive and single symptoms of LPR,PPIs independence,and satisfaction,and postoperative complications were assessed.The outcomes of LNF and PPIs therapy were analyzed and compared. RESULTS There were 31 patients in the LNF group and 39patients in the PPI group.Fifty-three patients(25 in the LNF group and 28 in the PPI group)completed reviews and follow-up.Oropharyngeal p H-monitoring parameters were all abnormal with high acid exposure,a large amount of reflux,and a high Ryan score,associated reflux symptom index(RSI)score.There was a significant improvement in the RSI and LPR symptom scores after the 2-year follow-up in both groups(P<0.05),as well as typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.Improvement in the RSI(P<0.005)and symptom scores of cough(P=0.032),mucus(P=0.011),and throat clearing(P=0.022)was significantly superior in the LNF group to that in the PPI group.After LNF and PPIs therapy,13 and 53 patients achieved independence from PPIs therapy(LNF:44.0%vs PPI:7.14%,P<0.001)during follow-up,respectively.Patients in the LNF group were more satisfied with their quality of life than those in the PPI group(LNF:62.49±28.68 vs PPI:44.36±32.77,P=0.004).Body mass index was significantly lower in the LNF group than in the PPI group(LNF:22.2±3.1kg/m^2 vs PPI:25.1±2.9 kg/m^2,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Diagnosis of LPR should be assessed with oropharyngeal p H-monitoring,manometry,and the symptom-scale.LNF achieves better improvement than PPIs for LPR with type I hiatal hernia.

Treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: A systematic review

BACKGROUNG For a long time,laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)has been treated by proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)with an uncertain success rate.AIM To shed light the current therapeutic strategies used for LPRD in order to analysis the rationale in the LPRD treatment.METHODS Three authors conducted a PubMed search to identify papers published between January 1990 and February 2019 about the treatment of LPRD.Clinical prospective or retrospective studies had to explore the impact of medical treatment(s)on the clinical presentation of suspected or confirmed LPRD.The criteria for considering studies for the review were based on the population,intervention,comparison,and outcome framework.RESULTS The search identified 1355 relevant papers,of which 76 studies met the inclusion criteria,accounting for 6457 patients.A total of 64 studies consisted of empirical therapeutic trials and 12 were studies where authors formally identified LPRD with pH-monitoring or multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring(MII-pH).The main therapeutic scheme consisted of once or twice daily PPIs for a duration ranged from 4 to 24 wk.The most used PPIs were omeprazole,esomeprazole,rabeprazole,lansoprazole and pantoprazole with a success rate ranging from 18%to 87%.Other composite treatments have been prescribed including PPIs,alginate,prokinetics,and H2 Receptor antagonists.CONCLUSION Regarding the development of MII-pH and the identification of LPRD subtypes(acid,nonacid,mixed),future studies are needed to improve the LPRD treatment considering all subtypes of reflux.

Scintigraphy in laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux disease:A definitive diagnostic test?

AIM: To investigate the utility of scintigraphic studies in predicting response to laparoscopic fundoplication(LF) for chronic laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms.METHODS: Patients with upper aero-digestive symptoms that remained undiagnosed after a period of 2 mo were studied with conventional p H and manometric studies. Patients mainly complained of cough, sore throat, dysphonia and globus. These patients were imaged after ingestion of 99m-technetium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid. Studies were quantified with time activity curves over the pharynx, upper and lower oesophagus and background. Late studies of the lungs were obtained for aspiration. Patients underwent LF with post-operative review at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: Thirty four patients(20 F, 14 M) with an average age of 57 years and average duration of symptoms of 4.8 years were studied. Twenty four hour p H and manometry studies were abnormal in all patients. On scintigraphy, 27/34 patients demonstrated pharyngeal contamination and a rising or flat pharyngeal curve. Lung aspiration was evident in 50% of patients. There was evidence of pulmonary aspiration in 17 of 34 patients in the delayed study(50%). Pharyngeal contamination was found in 27 patients. All patients with aspiration showed pharyngeal contamination. In the 17 patients with aspiration, graphical time activity curve showed rising activity in the pharynx in 9 patients and a flat curve in 8 patients. In those 17 patients without pulmonary aspiration, 29%(5 patients) had either a rising or flat pharyngeal graph. A rising or flat curve predicted aspiration with a positive predictive value of 77% and a negative predictive valueof 100%. Over 90% of patients reported a satisfactory symptomatic response to LF with an acceptable sideeffect profile. CONCLUSION: Scintigraphic reflux studies offer a good screening tool for pharyngeal contamination and aspiration in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with reflux esophagitis

AIM: To assess the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with reflux esophagitis and dis-close factors contributing to the development of LPR. METHODS: A total of 167 patients who proved to have reflux esophagitis by endoscopy were enrolled. They received laryngoscopy to grade the reflux find-ings for the diagnosis of LPR. We used validated ques-tionnaires to identify the presence of laryngopharyn-geal symptoms, and stringent criteria of inclusion to increase the specificity of laryngoscopic findings. The data of patients were analyzed statistically to find out factors related to LPR. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of LPR in studied sub-jects with reflux esophagitis was 23.9%. Age, hoarse- ness and hiatus hernia were factors significantly as-sociated with LPR. In 23 patients with a hiatus hernia, the group with LPR was found to have a lower trend of esophagitis grading. CONCLUSION: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is present in patients with reflux esophagitis, and three predicting factors were identified. However, the development of LPR might be different from that of reflux esophagi-tis. The importance of hiatus hernia deserves further study.

Rikkunshito improves globus sensation in patients with proton-pump inhibitor-refractory laryngopharyngeal reflux

AIM: To investigate the effect of rikkunshito on laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with proton-pump inhibitor(PPI)refractory LPR.METHODS: In total,22 patients with LPR were enrolled.Following a 2-wk treatment with PPI monotherapy,PPI-refractory LPR patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups(rikkunshito alone or rikkunshito plus the PPI,lansoprazole).LPR symptoms were assessed using a visual analog scale(VAS) score,gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS),and gastric emptying was assessed using the radio-opaque marker method prior to and 4 wk following treatments.RESULTS: The 4-wk treatment with rikkunshito alone and with rikkunshito plus the PPI significantly decreased the globus sensation VAS scores.The VAS score for sore throat was significantly decreased following treatment with rikkunshito plus PPI but not by rik kunshito alone.Neither treatment significantly changed the GSRS scores.Rikkunshito improved delayed gastric emptying.We found a significant positive correlation between improvements in globus sensation and in gastric emptying(r2= 0.4582,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Rikkunshito improved globus sensation in patients with PPI-refractory LPR,in part,because of stimulation of gastric emptying.Thus,rikkunshito is an effective treatment for PPI-refractory LPR.

How many cases of laryngopharyngeal reflux suspected by laryngoscopy are gastroesophageal reflux disease-related?

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in patients with a laryngoscopic diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR).METHODS:Between May 2011 and October 2011,41 consecutive patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms(LPS) and laryngoscopic diagnosis of LPR were empirically treated with proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) for at least 8 wk,and the therapeutic outcome was assessed through validated questionnaires(GERD impact scale,GIS;visual analogue scale,VAS).LPR diagnosis was performed by ear,nose and throat specialists using the reflux finding score(RFS) and reflux symptom index(RSI).After a 16-d wash-out from PPIs,all patients underwent an upper endoscopy,stationary esophageal manometry,24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH(MII-pH) esophageal monitoring.A positive correlation between LPR diagnosis and GERD was supposed based on the presence of esophagitis(ERD),pathological acid exposure time(AET) in the absence of esophageal erosions(NERD),and a positive correlation between symptoms and refluxes(hypersensitive esophagus,HE).RESULTS:The male/female ratio was 0.52(14/27),the mean age ± SD was 51.5 ± 12.7 years,and the mean body mass index was 25.7 ± 3.4 kg/m 2.All subjects reported one or more LPS.Twenty-five out of 41 patients also had typical GERD symptoms(heartburn and/or regurgitation).The most frequent laryngoscopic findings were posterior laryngeal hyperemia(38/41),linear indentation in the medial edge of the vocal fold(31/41),vocal fold nodules(6/41) and diffuse infraglottic oedema(25/41).The GIS analysis showed that 10/41 patients reported symptom relief with PPI therapy(P < 0.05);conversely,23/41 did not report any clinical improvement.At the same time,the VAS analysis showed a significant reduction in typical GERD symptoms after PPI therapy(P < 0.001).A significant reduction in LPS symptoms.On the other hand,such result was not recorded for LPS.Esophagitis was detected in 2/41 patients,and ineffective esophageal motility was found in 3/41 patients.The MII-pH analysis showed an abnormal AET in 5/41 patients(2 ERD and 3 NERD);11/41 patients had a normal AET and a positive association between symptoms and refluxes(HE),and 25/41 patients had a normal AET and a negative association between symptoms and refluxes(no GERD patients).It is noteworthy that HE patients had a positive association with typical GERD-related symptoms.Gas refluxes were found more frequently in patients with globus(29.7 ± 3.6) and hoarseness(21.5 ± 7.4) than in patients with heartburn or regurgitation(7.8 ± 6.2).Gas refluxes were positively associated with extraesophageal symptoms(P < 0.05).Overall,no differences were found among the three groups of patients in terms of the frequency of laryngeal signs.The proximal reflux was abnormal in patients with ERD/NERD only.The differences observed by means of MII-pH analysis among the three subgroups of patients(ERD/NERD,HE,no GERD) were not demonstrated with the RSI and RFS.Moreover,only the number of gas refluxes was found to have a significant association with the RFS(P = 0.028 andP = 0.026,nominal and numerical correlation,respectively).CONCLUSION:MII-pH analysis confirmed GERD diagnosis in less than 40% of patients with previous diagnosis of LPR,most likely because of the low specificity of the laryngoscopic findings.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease management for recurrent laryngeal contact granuloma:A case report

BACKGROUND Laryngeal contact granuloma(LCG)is difficult to treat and frequently associated with high persistence and recurrence,despite the availability of both surgical and pharmacological treatment options.An appropriate strategy is therefore needed to help patients with multiple recurrences of LCG to potentially avoid unnecessary surgery.CASE SUMMARY We describe the case of a 34-year-old male patient with recurrent LCG in which a good response was achieved through successful management of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease using a combination pharmacotherapeutic regimen consisting of anti-reflux therapy,pepsin secretion inhibition,bile acid neutralization,and lifestyle modifications.This patient underwent surgery to excise the granuloma,then relapsed,underwent a second surgery,which was followed by a second recurrence.The granuloma then disappeared after 9 mo of combined treatment with ilaprazole enteric-coated capsules(10 mg qd),mosapride tablets(5 mg tid)and compound digestive enzyme capsules(2 tablets).The drug regimen was discontinued after one year,and no recurrence of the lesion has been reported during the one-year follow-up period.CONCLUSION We report a combination of pharmacotherapeutics and lifestyle modifications for the management of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease to address recurring LCG.

腹针导气法联合奥美拉唑治疗咽喉反流性疾病的疗效观察及对焦虑抑郁状态的影响

目的观察腹针导气法联合奥美拉唑治疗肝胃不和型咽喉反流性疾病的临床疗效及对患者焦虑抑郁状态的影响。方法选取90例肝胃不和型咽喉反流性疾病患者作为研究对象,分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。两组均予以口服奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊治疗,观察组另予腹针导气法治疗。比较两组临床疗效,观察两组治疗前后反流症状指数(reflux symptom index,RSI)评分、反流体征评分(reflux finding score,RFS)和医院焦虑抑郁量表(hospital anxiety and depression scale,HADS)评分的变化,比较两组不良反应发生情况。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组RSI和RFS各单项评分及HADS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组上述各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组均未见明显不良反应事件。结论腹针导气法联合奥美拉唑治疗肝胃不和型咽喉反流性疾病的疗效优于单一奥美拉唑治疗,可促进患者症状与体征恢复,改善焦虑抑郁情绪。

奥美拉唑在分泌性中耳炎合并咽喉反流患者中的治疗价值

目的:探讨奥美拉唑在分泌性中耳炎(SOM)合并咽喉反流(LPR)患者中的治疗价值。方法:选取单侧或双侧SOM合并LPR患者82例,根据治疗方案不同将患者分为治疗组(35例)和对照组(47例)。所有患者均给予鼓膜穿刺术、配合使用鼻部激素、口服黏液促排剂和抗组胺药物1个月。治疗组同时给予患者抗反流宣教及足疗程奥美拉唑抗反流干预。随访3个月,比较两组患者治疗前后气骨导差、七项咽鼓管功能障碍症状评分量表(ETDQ-7)评分及临床疗效。结果:两组治疗后第1~3个月气骨导差较治疗前降低(均P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后第1~3个月气骨导差低于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后第1~3个月ETDQ-7评分较治疗前降低(均P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后第1~3个月ETDQ-7评分较对照组降低(均P<0.05)。治疗后第2、3个月,治疗组总有效率高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:对于SOM合并LPR患者,奥美拉唑能改善咽鼓管功能,提高听力水平及SOM治疗效果。

改变生活及饮食方式在咽喉反流性疾病治疗中的作用研究

目的探讨改变生活及饮食方式在咽喉反流性疾病(LPRD)治疗中的疗效。方法选取2022年1月~2023年6月于福建医科大学附属第二医院门诊治疗的92例LRPD患者作为研究对象,分为对照组46例和治疗组46例。对照组采用常规的抑酸及促胃动力治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上,给予生活及饮食方式指导。比较治疗后8周、12周两组的反流症状指数(RSI)量表、反流体征评分(RFS)量表各项指标变化及临床疗效。结果RSI总分治疗后8周与治疗前比较,对照组和治疗组均较治疗前有改善(P<0.05);RSI总分治疗后12周与治疗后8周比较,对照组和治疗组均较治疗前有改善(P<0.05)。RFS总分治疗后8周与治疗前比较,对照组和治疗组均较治疗前有改善(P<0.05);RFS总分治疗后12周与治疗后8周比较,对照组和治疗组均较治疗前有改善(P<0.05)。治疗8周后,对照组总有效率(60.9%)与治疗组总有效率(71.7%)比较,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.335,P=0.513)。治疗12周后,对照组总有效率(73.9%)与治疗组总有效率(91.3%)比较,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.226,P=0.044)。结论生活及饮食方式改变应成为LRPD治疗的重要一部分,通过调整不良生活饮食方式,可以明显减轻患者症状,获得更好的临床疗效。

咽喉反流与咽喉常见疾病的关系及其相关危险因素分析

目的分析咽喉反流(LPR)与咽喉常见疾病的关系及其发生的危险因素。方法选取2022年9月~2023年5月因咽喉不适就诊于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院部或喉镜室的280例患者作为研究对象,入组患者均需完成反流症状指数(RSI)和反流体征评分(RFS)量表。根据RSI>13分和(或)RFS>7分为LPR组,RSI≤13分且RFS≤7分为非LPR组。采用χ^(2)检验分析不同组间咽喉常见疾病上呼吸道乳头状瘤、会厌囊肿、声带息肉、声带白斑、声带癌、下咽癌发生率的差异,对性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟、饮酒史进行单因素卡方检验分析和多因素二元Logistic回归分析。结果280例因咽喉不适就诊的患者中,LPR患病率为70.0%(196/280)。声带息肉(χ^(2)=4.228,P<0.05)、声带白斑(χ^(2)=12.283,P<0.05)、声带癌(χ^(2)=4.103,P<0.05)和下咽癌(χ^(2)=4.907,P<0.05)在LPR组和非LPR组中发生率的比较差异有统计学意义,而上呼吸道乳头状瘤(χ^(2)=0.183,P>0.05)和会厌囊肿(χ^(2)=0.556,P>0.05)差异比较无统计学意义。单因素分析结果显示,吸烟(χ^(2)=20.403,P<0.05)、饮酒(χ^(2)=7.704,P<0.05)在LPR组和非LPR组中发生率的比较差异有统计学意义,而性别(χ^(2)=0.01,P>0.05)、年龄(χ^(2)=8.147,P>0.05)、BMI(χ^(2)=2.060,P>0.05)差异无统计学意义。多因素二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,吸烟(OR=3.390,95%CI:1.761~6.526,P<0.05)是LPR发生的独立危险因素。结论LPR与声带息肉、声带白斑、声带癌及下咽癌有较高的共患病率,因此在治疗咽喉相关疾病时应评估LPR情况,必要时也应该积极治疗LPR。此外吸烟、饮酒是LPR发生的危险因素,因此在治疗LPR时戒烟戒酒很有必要。

基于“胃咽相关”探讨反流性咽喉炎中医证治和现代机制

反流性咽喉炎(laryngopharyngeal reflux, LPR)属于中医“喉痹”“吐酸”“食管瘅”等范畴,病位在咽喉、食管,责之于胃。本文以“胃咽相关”为理论基础,结合历代医家对LPR的认识,探讨咽喉与胃的相关性,辨证论治LPR,阐明LPR的现代机制,以期对中医药治疗LPR有一定的指导作用。

胆汁反流发病机制与诊断及治疗研究进展

胆汁反流是由于胆汁逆行运动到胃及其以上部位,长期的胆汁反流除了引起胆汁反流性胃炎外,还可导致肠化、Barrett食管,甚至是胃癌、食管癌、咽喉癌的高危因素。长期频繁的胆汁反流应视为病理性胆汁反流,胆汁反流分为原发性反流和继发性反流。临床上胆汁反流常见的症状包括腹胀、口苦、上腹痛、恶心呕吐等。原发性胆汁反流无胃手术即可发生,而继发性胆汁反流通常在胃肠手术后发生。本文对胆汁反流发病机制与诊断和治疗进展进行综述。

咽喉返流与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征相关性研究进展

咽喉反流(Laryngopharyngeal Reflux,LPR)和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome,OSAHS)是耳鼻喉科常见的疾病。近年来,随着两种疾病的发病率逐年升高,严重降低了患者的生活质量,使得OSAHS和LPR逐渐成为了研究的热点。同时,由于OSAHS和LPR两病的高合并发生率,研究者们也逐渐认识到了两种疾病之间的关系。因此,本文将探讨两者互为因果的机制及合并患有LPR和OSAHS患者的临床特点,同时对两者共同的危险因素"肥胖"在疾病发展中所起的作用做简要描述,以期为临床精准治疗服务。

基于微生物组学和机器学习构建咽喉反流唾液菌群诊断模型

目的探索使用微生物组学技术和机器学习的方法构建咽喉反流(laryngopharyngeal reflux,LPR)唾液菌群诊断模型的可能性。方法以2022年2~11月就诊的经8周质子泵抑制剂治疗显效的34例LPR患者为病例组,与病例组年龄、性别和体重指数相匹配的47例健康志愿者为对照组,留取用药前的唾液标本,提取DNA,扩增16S片段后进行测序,对测序结果进行生物学信息分析,比较菌属水平物种差异。选择病例组24例、对照组33例作为训练集,其余作为测试集,随机森林法分类数据,进行十折交叉验证,选择最优菌属组合构建诊断模型,计算疾病概率指数(probability of disease,POD),绘制ROC曲线,使用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果病例组和对照组相比,唾液中22个属相对丰度存在统计学差异(P<0.05),构建由6个菌属组成的诊断模型,即乳酸杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、新鞘氨醇杆菌属、假交替单胞菌属、罗尔斯通菌属和Phocaeicola属,测试集ROC曲线下面积为0.843,诊断模型灵敏度为60.0%,特异度为87.71%,Kappa值为0.470。结论由唾液菌群构建的菌属组合诊断模型可以区分LPR患者与健康人,具有潜在的临床应用价值。

桂附苏朴汤治疗阳虚气逆型老年反流性咽喉炎临床观察

目的探讨桂附苏朴汤治疗阳虚气逆型老年反流性咽喉炎的临床效果。方法回顾性分析厦门市中医院2020年11月—2022年5月收治的58例阳虚气逆型老年反流性咽喉炎患者,根据治疗方案的不同分为研究组与对照组,各29例。对照组采取西药常规治疗,研究组在前者基础上加桂附苏朴汤治疗,对比两组中医证候积分、治疗总有效率及停药2周后的复发率。结果治疗前,两组中医证候积分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组的中医证候积分均下降,且研究组相对于对照组更低(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率为96.55%(28/29),高于对照组的79.31%(23/29)(P<0.05)。研究组复发率为3.57%(1/28),低于对照组的25.93%(7/27)(P<0.05)。结论桂附苏朴汤治疗阳虚气逆型老年反流性咽喉炎可获得较好效果,有利于缓解患者症状,复发率较低,安全性较好。

咽喉反流性疾病伴与不伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的临床特征及治疗转归比较

目的比较咽喉反流性疾病(LPRD)伴与不伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的临床特征及治疗转归情况。方法纳入2021年7月~2023年7月就诊于南华大学衡阳医学院附属长沙中心医院152例LPRD患者作为研究对象,均行多导睡眠监测(PSG),分析比较伴和不伴OSAHS患者的一般资料、临床特征及治疗后转归情况。结果152例患者经PSG监测,伴OSAHS者60例(39.47%),纳入伴OSAHS组,其中轻度26例(43.33%)、中度19例(31.67%)、重度15例(25.00%),92例纳入不伴OSAHS组。伴OSAHS组体重指数(BMI)显著高于不伴OSAHS组(P<0.05);LPRD伴与不伴OSAHS患者反流事件总数、反流总时长、峰值酸度(pH最低值)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);伴OSAHS组声嘶或发音障碍、持续清嗓、咽部异物感、咽部痰过多或鼻涕倒流评分及反流症状指数(RSI)总分均显著高于不伴OSAHS组(P<0.05),伴OSAHS组喉室消失、红斑和(或)出血评分及反流体征评分(RFS)总分均显著高于不伴OSAHS组(P<0.05);LPRD伴OSAHS组呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、微觉醒指数(arousal index,AI)显著高于不伴OSAHS组(P<0.05),最低血氧饱和度(lowest oxygen saturation,LSpO2)、平均血氧饱和度(mean oxygen saturation,MSpO2)显著低于不伴OSAHS组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,LPRD患者AHI值与RSI、RFS评分均呈正相关(P<0.05);两组治疗后RSI、RFS评分及反流事件总数、反流总时长均较治疗前减少(P<0.05),且不伴OSAHS组均显著低于伴OSAHS组(P<0.05),峰值酸度均较治疗前提高(P<0.05),且不伴OSAHS组显著高于伴OSAHS组(P<0.05)。结论LPRD伴OSAHS咽喉反流症状、体征均较不伴OSAHS患者更严重,治疗后反流症状均有改善,但伴OSAHS者改善更小,应针对LPRD伴OSAHS患者制定个性化治疗策略。