Influence of laser linewidth on performance of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry

The effects of optical sources with different laser linewidths on Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry （BOTDR） are investigated numerically and experimentally. Simulation results show that the spectral linewidth of spontaneous Brillouin scattering remains almost constant when the laser linewidth is less than 1 MHz at the same pulse width; otherwise, it increases sharply. A comparison between a fiber laser （FL） with 4-kHz linewidth at 3 dB and a distributed feedback （DFB） laser with 3-MHz linewidth is made experimentally. When a constant laser power is launched into the sensing fiber, the fitting linewidths of the beat signals （backscattered Brillouin light and local oscillator （LO）） is about 5 MHz wider for the DFB laser than for the FL and the intensity of the beat signal is about a half. Furthermore, the frequency fluctuation in the long sensing fiber is lower for the FL source, yielding about 2 MHz less than that of the DFB laser, indicating higher temperature/strain resolution. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.

Influence of laser linewidth on external-cavity frequency doubling efficiency of a 1.56 μm master oscillator fiber power amplifier

By using an external-cavity frequency-doubling master oscillator fiber power amplifier （MOPA）, a 700 mW continuous-wave single-frequency laser source at 780 nm is produced. It is shown that the frequency doubling efficiency is improved when the seed diode laser is optically locked to a resonant frequency of a confocal Fabry-Perot （F-P） cavity. This phenomenon can be attributed to the narrowing of the 1.56 μm laser linewidth and explained by our presented theoretical model. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Investigation of Tolerable Laser Linewidth for Different Modulation Formats in CO-OFDM Systems

The ideal behavior of communication system requires a single frequency carrier. In optical communication system, light is used as a carrier. Practical laser source has a finite linewidth due to variations in the frequency of operation, hence, resulting in undesired phase perturbations in the signal whereas the ideal requirement is the delta function spectral shape at the carrier frequency. The spectral shape gets broadened due to phase noise and is modeled as lorentzian shape. Linewidth is a measure of stability of laser phase noise with time. Coherent Optical Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) along with the spectrally efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) formats is emerging as one of the best solutions for future high speed fiber transmission systems. Though the coherent, receivers have advantages in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, laser phase noise is the main limitation of such systems as the laser phase noise further causes common phase rotation of all the subcarriers per symbol and also results in inter carrier interference. QAM formats are also susceptible to laser phase noise. Phase noise in coherent systems is governed by laser linewidth. Hence, it is very important to investigate the impact of laser linewidth in CO-OFDM systems. This paper investigates the tolerable laser linewidths for different QAM formats in a 40 Gbps COOFDM system.

Two-hertz-linewidth Nd:YAG lasers at 1064 nm stabilized to vertically mounted ultra-stable cavities

Two Nd：YAG lasers operating at 1064 nm are separately servo-locked to two vertically mounted ultra-stable cavities. The optical heterodyne beat between two cavity-stabilized lasers shows that the linewidth of each laser reaches 2 Hz and the average frequency drift reduces to less than 1 Hz/s.

Rayleigh backscattering: a method to highly compress laser linewidth

Ultra-narrow linewidth laser with several hundred hertz at room temperature has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years and played a critical role in both optical sensing and communication fields. In this paper, a new method based on Rayleigh backscattering to highly compress the laser linewidth was proposed and demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. By theoretical analysis and simulation, Rayleigh backscattering can be collected in any waveguide structure and all wave bands,which could have a revolutionary impact on the field of laser. A single-longitudinal mode fiber ring laser with130-Hz linewidth was achieved with self-injection feedback structure at normal atmospheric temperature. The linewidth compression based on Rayleigh backscattering lies in the fact that laser linewidth after scattering is narrower than that of incident light in high Rayleigh scattering structure. The self-rejection feedback method expanding free spectra range of laser cavity simultaneously was used to further suppress the mode-hopping and stabilizing output. Experimental results showed that the laser linewidth can be easily narrowed to hundreds of hertz with side-mode suppression up to 75 dB. This agrees with the theoretical analysis and simulation results qualitatively.

Broad bandwidth interference filter-stabilized external cavity diode laser with narrow linewidth below 100kHz

Interference filter-stabilized external cavity diode lasers （ECDLs） have properties of simple configurations, high sta- bilities, and narrow linewidths. However, the interference filter used in common ECDL designs requires an ultra-narrow bandwidth （about 0.3 nm） to achieve mode selection, that is considerably expensive and not yet available for a wide range of wavelengths. In this paper, a robust ECDL using an available broad bandwidth （about 4 nm） interference filter as the wavelength discriminator is constructed and tested. The ECDL demonstrated a narrow Lorentzian fitted linewidth of 95 kHz and a spectral purity of 2.9 MHz. The long-term frequency stability of the ECDL reaches 5.59 x 10 12.

Transportable 1555-nm Ultra-Stable Laser with Sub-0.185-Hz Linewidth

We present two cavity-stabilized lasers at 1555 nm, which are built to be the frequency source for a transportable photonic microwave generation system. The frequency instability reaches the thermal noise limit （7 ×10-16） of the 10-cm ultra-low expansion glass cavity at 1-10s averaging time and the beat signal of the two lasers reveals a remarkable linewidth of 185mHz.

Effects of prism beam expander and slits on excimer laser linewidth narrowing module

Theoretical simulation and experiments based on a prism beam expander and an echelle grating are con- ducted to study the dependence of linewidth and pulse energy on incidence angle and slit width. With a larger prism incident angle or narrower slit width, the linewidth becomes narrower while the laser pulse energy becomes lower. However, the pulse energy can be improved by optimally designing the prism beam expander. In addition, a subpicometer linewidth ArF laser is obtained with a double-prism beam expander and an echelle grating.

Numerical Simulation of External-Cavity Distributed Feedback Semiconductor Laser

We propose a theoretical model to describe external-cavity distributed feedback semiconductor lasers and investigate the impact of the number of external feedback points on linewidth and side-mode suppression ratio through numerical simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the linewidth of external-cavity semiconductor lasers can be reduced by increasing the external cavity length and feedback ratio, and adding more external feedback points can further narrow the linewidth and enhance the side mode suppression ratio. This research provides insight into the external cavity distributed feedback mechanism and can guide the design of high-performance external cavity semiconductor lasers. .

基于光学反馈频率锁定的窄线宽稳定中红外激光产生技术研究

中红外精密激光光谱技术在痕量气体检测、基本物理常数测定等领域都有重要应用,然而由于缺乏窄线宽、稳定的中红外光源,很难实现中红外精密光谱测量.本文介绍了一种基于光学反馈频率锁定的窄线宽稳定中红外激光产生技术,分析了光学反馈实现激光到F-P腔锁定的可行性,利用一个高精细度中红外超稳F-P腔作为频率参考,基于光学反馈技术实现了量子级联激光器到该超稳腔的锁定.经过评估得到激光器线宽被压窄到1.1 Hz,压窄激光线宽的同时稳定了激光频率,将激光器的长期漂移控制在20 kHz/12 h.其中,为了获取长时间稳定的光学反馈,基于PDH技术获取了误差信号,用于对反馈相位的实时伺服控制.

高功率线偏振窄线宽光纤激光器TMI抑制

高功率线偏振窄线宽光纤激器在功率光谱合成、相干探测等方面具有广泛的应用前景。在高功率线偏振窄线宽光纤激光器中,模式不稳定(TMI)效应是限制其功率提升的主要因素之一。本文分析了TMI效应对高功率线偏振窄线宽光纤激光器输出功率的影响,提出了TMI效应的抑制方法。文章采用长波泵浦技术,输出功率100 mW的单频激光器作为种子源,相位调制器将种子源线宽展宽至25 GHz,经三级放大,最终实现了线宽25 GHz、功率2.2 kW、中心波长1064 nm、消光比98%的线偏振窄线宽激光输出,光束质量M_(x)^(2)=1.2、M_(y)^(2)=1.21。分析了泵浦波长对TMI效应的影响:由于光线芯径较小(20μm),增益光纤对泵浦光吸收系数较高(1.8 dB/m@976 nm),纤芯温度较高,加上泵浦光量子亏损引入的热,导致纤芯折射率发生变化,较低功率下发生TMI效应,当泵浦波长向长波偏移时,泵浦光的量子亏损降低,同时泵浦吸收系数也降低,无论在光纤全长、还是单位长度上的热分布均减小,增大了TMI阈值,提升了线偏振窄线宽光纤激光器的输出功率。

窄线宽外腔半导体激光器研究进展

窄线宽外腔半导体激光器具有结构简单、可调谐、噪声低等优势,广泛应用于量子精密测量、光通信、激光雷达等领域。根据外腔选频器件的不同,本文主要介绍光栅型激光器、干涉滤光型激光器、波导型激光器和法拉第激光器四类外腔半导体激光器,分析各类激光器的基本结构与选频机制、介绍各自的优缺点以及国内外研究进展。其中,前三类激光器采用非量子器件进行频率选择,而法拉第激光器利用共振法拉第旋光效应选频,输出波长直接对应原子跃迁谱线,对激光二极管的电流与温度变化具有良好的鲁棒性。随后介绍外腔半导体激光器的应用情况,尤其是在精密测量领域中的典型应用。最后总结并展望窄线宽外腔半导体激光器的未来发展方向。

基于多纵模振荡种子源的高功率窄线宽光纤激光器关键技术分析及研究现状

基于多纵模振荡种子源的窄线宽光纤激光器具有光路简单、结构紧凑、可靠性高、成本低等特点,在实际工程应用以及在空间受限的载荷平台上有着显著优势,是高功率光谱合成的理想子束模块。受自脉冲效应的影响,多纵模振荡种子源的时域特性较差,导致放大过程中会产生较强的光谱展宽与受激拉曼散射效应。这限制了其输出功率的进一步提升并降低了其光谱纯度。本文首先介绍了4种常见的窄线宽种子源,并重点分析了多纵模振荡种子源中自脉冲效应产生的机理及抑制方法,对优化多纵模振荡种子源和放大器的关键技术进行了详细介绍,归纳总结了近几年的技术突破与研究成果,对未来的发展方向进行了展望分析。本文研究对基于多纵模振荡种子源的窄线宽激光器的功率提升和光谱优化提供一定思路。

Power output correction model of narrow linewidth ring fiber laser filtered with whispering gallery mode resonator

A whispering gallery mode resonator(WGMR)filter can narrow laser linewidth while significantly changing the output power characteristics of fiber laser system.It is found that traditional laser output power model is invalid.We report a correction model of a narrow linewidth fiber laser filtered with a WGMR to analyze its power.We believe that the loss of the laser system and the threshold gain increase caused by the WGMR filter lead to the predominate amplified spontaneous emission during the original laser period.According to that,we assume the correction coefficient is an exponential decay related to the Er-doped fiber length in the large loss situation,and we verify it experimentally.As a result,the correction model is valid for WGMR-filtered fiber laser.

Influences of semiconductor laser on fibre-optic distributed disturbance sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer

This paper investigates the influences of a semiconductor laser with narrow linewidth on a fibre-optic distributed disturbance sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It establishes an effective numerical model to describe the noises and linewidth of a semiconductor laser, taking into account their correlations. Simulation shows that frequency noise has great influences on location errors and their relationship is numerically investigated. Accordingly, there is need to determine the linewidth of the laser less than a threshold and obtain the least location errors. Furthermore, experiments are performed by a sensor prototype using three semiconductor lasers with different linewidths, respectively, with polarization maintaining optical fibres and couplers to eliminate the polarization induced noises and fading. The agreement of simulation with experimental results means that the proposed numerical model can make a comprehensive description of the noise behaviour of a semiconductor laser. The conclusion is useful for choosing a laser source for fibre-optic distributed disturbance sensor to achieve optimized location accuracy. What is more, the proposed numerical model can be widely used for analysing influences of semiconductor lasers on other sensing, communication and optical signal processing systems.

A New Kind of Self-Frequency-Stabilization 1.3μM Single Frequency Coherent Source with 10MW and a Spectrum Linewidth in the Order of Kilohertz

The design of 1.3μm He-Ne single frequency laser for optical fiber communication is in-troduced.The scheme for obtaining steady single-mode oscillation by raising gas pressureand the method of getting linear-polarization single frequency output by longitudinal Zeemaneffect are present.The relations of linewidth to some factors are discussed.

Gain Measurement and Anomalous Decrease of Peak Gain at Long Wavelength for InAs/GaAs Quantum-Dot Lasers

模式获得光谱被 Fourier 系列扩大方法 forInAs/GaAs 量点(QD ) 测量有在不同注射水流的 QD 的七栈的激光。有特殊山峰的 Gainspectra 在大约 1210 nm and1300 nm 的短、长的波长被观察。为有 1060 亩 m 的洞长度的 QD 激光，长波长的山峰获得首先慢慢地增加或甚至快速作为短波长度增加的山峰获得与注射水流减少，并且当注射水流进一步增加，最后在接近浸透的价值前快速增加。

基于DBR的窄线宽光纤激光器研究进展

分布式布拉格反射镜(DBR)线性腔结构因其腔长较短、结构简单,具有工作稳定、不易跳模、抗干扰能力强和易于实现全光纤化的优点。因此,DBR单频光纤激光器是目前实现单频激光输出的主要选择。本文首先回顾了DBR窄线宽光纤激光器自诞生以来发展的历程,介绍了在实际应用需求的牵引下催生出的新技术和新思路。然后,归纳了近年来DBR窄线宽光纤激光器的国内外研究进展。最后,讨论了当前面临的问题与挑战,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。

高功率窄线宽光纤激光的研究进展与发展趋势

高功率窄线宽光纤激光器具有光束质量好、结构紧凑等优点,在相干合成、光谱合成以及非线性频率变换等领域具有广泛的应用前景,基于窄线宽光纤激光相干合成、光谱合成的激光系统性能指标已经超越单束激光的最高性能,基于窄线宽光纤激光非线性频率变换的激光也实现了同类波段激光的最高性能。分析窄线宽光纤激光功率提升同时保持光束质量过程中产生的物理机制和面临的技术挑战,详细介绍学校课题组在高功率窄线宽光纤激光方面取得的代表性成果,特别是高光束质量的7 kW级非线偏振窄线宽激光和5 kW级线偏振窄线宽激光,不仅是同类激光的最高功率值,也逼近了同等条件下非窄线宽光纤激光的功率极限。根据近年来理论研究和技术攻关结果,结合国内外研究现状,对高功率窄线宽光纤激光未来几个发展趋势进行预判。

Coherent Parameter Measurement Based on Partial Coherent Envelope Demodulation

The key parameters of laser energy concentration and coherence can be characterized by laser linewidth, which determines the detection range, measurement resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of laser precision measurement technology. Up to now, the laser linewidth is mainly measured by the energy distribution width in the frequency domain, but the coherence of the laser has not been measured or characterized directly. In this work, we propose the concept of coherent linewidth based on the coherent envelope of delayed self-heterodyne detection to directly characterize the time-frequency coherence of lasers. In the proof-of-concept experiment, we obtain the coherence coefficient through the Fourier transform of the partial coherence envelope, and then measure the coherence linewidth of the laser. The measured coherent linewidth is smaller than the traditional integral linewidth and larger than the intrinsic Lorentzian linewidth, indicating that the coherent linewidth is less affected by low-frequency 1/f noise. The concept of coherent linewidth proposed in this article can serve as a candidate method for directly characterizing the coherence of narrow linewidth lasers. .