Quick and accurate detecting the error of NC machine tool and performing the error compensation are important to improve the machining accuracy of NC machine tool. Currently, there are many methods for detecting the g...Quick and accurate detecting the error of NC machine tool and performing the error compensation are important to improve the machining accuracy of NC machine tool. Currently, there are many methods for detecting the geometric accuracy of NC machine tool. However, these methods have deficiencies in detection efficiency and accuracy as well as in versatility. In the paper, a method with laser tracker based on the multi-station and time-sharing measurement principle is proposed, and this method can rapidly and accurately detect the geometric accuracy of NC machine tool. The machine tool is controlled to move in the preset path in a 3D space or 2D plane, and a laser tracker is used to measure the same motion trajectory of the machine tool successively at different base stations. The original algorithm for multi-station and time-sharing measurement is improved. The space coordinates of the measuring point obtained by the laser tracker are taken as parameter values, and the initial position of each base point can be determined. The redundant equation concerning the base point calibration can be established by the distance information of the laser tracker, and the position of each base point is further determined by solving the equation with least squares method, then the space coordinates of each measuring point can be calibrated. The singular matrix does not occur in calculation with the improved algorithm, which overcomes the limitations of the original algorithm, that the motion trajectory of machine tool is in a 3D space and there exits height difference between the base stations. Adopting the improved algorithm can expand the application of multi-station and time-sharing measurement, and can meet the quick and accurate detecting requirements for different types of NC machine tool.展开更多
Measurement uncertainty plays an important role in laser tracking measurement analyses. In the present work, the guides to the expression of uncertainty in measurement(GUM) uncertainty framework(GUF) and its supplemen...Measurement uncertainty plays an important role in laser tracking measurement analyses. In the present work, the guides to the expression of uncertainty in measurement(GUM) uncertainty framework(GUF) and its supplement, the Monte Carlo method, were used to estimate the uncertainty of task-specific laser tracker measurements. First, the sources of error in laser tracker measurement were analyzed in detail, including instruments, measuring network fusion, measurement strategies, measurement process factors(such as the operator), measurement environment, and task-specific data processing. Second, the GUM and Monte Carlo methods and their application to laser tracker measurement were presented. Finally, a case study involving the uncertainty estimation of a cylindricity measurement process using the GUF and Monte Carlo methods was illustrated. The expanded uncertainty results(at 95% confidence levels) obtained with the Monte Carlo method are 0.069 mm(least-squares criterion) and 0.062 mm(minimum zone criterion), respectively, while with the GUM uncertainty framework, none but the result of least-squares criterion can be got, which is 0.071 mm. Thus, the GUM uncertainty framework slightly underestimates the overall uncertainty by 10%. The results demonstrate that the two methods have different characteristics in task-specific uncertainty evaluations of laser tracker measurements. The results indicate that the Monte Carlo method is a practical tool for applying the principle of propagation of distributions and does not depend on the assumptions and limitations required by the law of propagation of uncertainties(GUF). These features of the Monte Carlo method reduce the risk of an unreliable measurement of uncertainty estimation, particularly in cases of complicated measurement models, without the need to evaluate partial derivatives. In addition, the impact of sampling strategy and evaluation method on the uncertainty of the measurement results can also be taken into account with Monte Carlo method, which plays a guiding role in measurement planning.展开更多
In spite of the technological development of the last decades in the field of the geodetic instruments,some parameters,which affect their performance,are difficult to be eliminated.One of these parameters is the geode...In spite of the technological development of the last decades in the field of the geodetic instruments,some parameters,which affect their performance,are difficult to be eliminated.One of these parameters is the geodetic refraction.The refraction describes the alteration in the direction of the light curve as it propagates through the different layers of the lower part of the Earth’s atmosphere.The purpose of this research work is to investigate the uncertainty of the refraction coefficient of a new proposed methodology.This methodology is based on:(a)the exploitation of the full trigonometric height equation,(b)the ability of the Hydrostatic Levelling System(HLS)to provide height differences with±10μm accuracy.The experimental application has been set up in a section of the underground tunnel complex at the European Organization for Nuclear Research.In this indoor application,the determination of the refraction coefficient at a Laser Tracker station using the precise height differences provided by an HLS has been performed.In addition,this methodology has been tested by comparing its results with those that have been obtained from the Temperature Gradient(TG)method for the determination of the refraction coefficient.The results are very encouraging for the efficiency of the methodology.At the same time,some limitations on the implementation of the proposed methodology have been highlighted.展开更多
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,Grant No. 2008AA042404)
文摘Quick and accurate detecting the error of NC machine tool and performing the error compensation are important to improve the machining accuracy of NC machine tool. Currently, there are many methods for detecting the geometric accuracy of NC machine tool. However, these methods have deficiencies in detection efficiency and accuracy as well as in versatility. In the paper, a method with laser tracker based on the multi-station and time-sharing measurement principle is proposed, and this method can rapidly and accurately detect the geometric accuracy of NC machine tool. The machine tool is controlled to move in the preset path in a 3D space or 2D plane, and a laser tracker is used to measure the same motion trajectory of the machine tool successively at different base stations. The original algorithm for multi-station and time-sharing measurement is improved. The space coordinates of the measuring point obtained by the laser tracker are taken as parameter values, and the initial position of each base point can be determined. The redundant equation concerning the base point calibration can be established by the distance information of the laser tracker, and the position of each base point is further determined by solving the equation with least squares method, then the space coordinates of each measuring point can be calibrated. The singular matrix does not occur in calculation with the improved algorithm, which overcomes the limitations of the original algorithm, that the motion trajectory of machine tool is in a 3D space and there exits height difference between the base stations. Adopting the improved algorithm can expand the application of multi-station and time-sharing measurement, and can meet the quick and accurate detecting requirements for different types of NC machine tool.
基金Project(51318010402)supported by General Armament Department Pre-Research Program of China
文摘Measurement uncertainty plays an important role in laser tracking measurement analyses. In the present work, the guides to the expression of uncertainty in measurement(GUM) uncertainty framework(GUF) and its supplement, the Monte Carlo method, were used to estimate the uncertainty of task-specific laser tracker measurements. First, the sources of error in laser tracker measurement were analyzed in detail, including instruments, measuring network fusion, measurement strategies, measurement process factors(such as the operator), measurement environment, and task-specific data processing. Second, the GUM and Monte Carlo methods and their application to laser tracker measurement were presented. Finally, a case study involving the uncertainty estimation of a cylindricity measurement process using the GUF and Monte Carlo methods was illustrated. The expanded uncertainty results(at 95% confidence levels) obtained with the Monte Carlo method are 0.069 mm(least-squares criterion) and 0.062 mm(minimum zone criterion), respectively, while with the GUM uncertainty framework, none but the result of least-squares criterion can be got, which is 0.071 mm. Thus, the GUM uncertainty framework slightly underestimates the overall uncertainty by 10%. The results demonstrate that the two methods have different characteristics in task-specific uncertainty evaluations of laser tracker measurements. The results indicate that the Monte Carlo method is a practical tool for applying the principle of propagation of distributions and does not depend on the assumptions and limitations required by the law of propagation of uncertainties(GUF). These features of the Monte Carlo method reduce the risk of an unreliable measurement of uncertainty estimation, particularly in cases of complicated measurement models, without the need to evaluate partial derivatives. In addition, the impact of sampling strategy and evaluation method on the uncertainty of the measurement results can also be taken into account with Monte Carlo method, which plays a guiding role in measurement planning.
文摘In spite of the technological development of the last decades in the field of the geodetic instruments,some parameters,which affect their performance,are difficult to be eliminated.One of these parameters is the geodetic refraction.The refraction describes the alteration in the direction of the light curve as it propagates through the different layers of the lower part of the Earth’s atmosphere.The purpose of this research work is to investigate the uncertainty of the refraction coefficient of a new proposed methodology.This methodology is based on:(a)the exploitation of the full trigonometric height equation,(b)the ability of the Hydrostatic Levelling System(HLS)to provide height differences with±10μm accuracy.The experimental application has been set up in a section of the underground tunnel complex at the European Organization for Nuclear Research.In this indoor application,the determination of the refraction coefficient at a Laser Tracker station using the precise height differences provided by an HLS has been performed.In addition,this methodology has been tested by comparing its results with those that have been obtained from the Temperature Gradient(TG)method for the determination of the refraction coefficient.The results are very encouraging for the efficiency of the methodology.At the same time,some limitations on the implementation of the proposed methodology have been highlighted.
