Laser induced breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air.Pulsed Nd∶YAG(1064 nm)in conjunction with a suitable detector(LIBS 2000+,Ocean ...Laser induced breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air.Pulsed Nd∶YAG(1064 nm)in conjunction with a suitable detector(LIBS 2000+,Ocean Optics,Inc)having the optical resolution of 0.06 nm was used to record the emission spectra from 220 to 720 nm.Elements like Al,Ba,Ca,Cr,Cu,P,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na,P,S,Sr,and Zn were found to present in the samples.The relative abundances of the observed elements were calculated through standard calibration curve method,integrated intensity ratio method,and weight percentage LIBS approach.LIBS findings were validated by comparing its results with the results obtained using a typical analytical technique of Inductively Coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES).Limit of detection(LOD)of the LIBS system was also estimated for heavy metals.The experience gain through this work implies that LIBS could be highly applicable for testing the quality and purity of food products.展开更多
Principal component analysis （PCA） combined with artificial neural networks was used to classify the spectra of 27 steel samples acquired using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Three methods of spectral data se...Principal component analysis （PCA） combined with artificial neural networks was used to classify the spectra of 27 steel samples acquired using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Three methods of spectral data selection, selecting all the peak lines of the spectra, selecting intensive spectral partitions and the whole spectra, were utilized to compare the infiuence of different inputs of PCA on the classification of steels. Three intensive partitions were selected based on experience and prior knowledge to compare the classification, as the partitions can obtain the best results compared to all peak lines and the whole spectra. We also used two test data sets, mean spectra after being averaged and raw spectra without any pretreatment, to verify the results of the classification. The results of this comprehensive comparison show that a back propagation network trained using the principal components of appropriate, carefully selecred spectral partitions can obtain the best results accuracy can be achieved using the intensive spectral A perfect result with 100% classification partitions ranging of 357-367 nm.展开更多
The influence of the energy of femtosecond laser pulses on the intensity of Fe I （371.99 nm） emission line and the continuous spectrum of the plasma generated on the surface of Fe^3＋ water solution by a Ti： sapphi...The influence of the energy of femtosecond laser pulses on the intensity of Fe I （371.99 nm） emission line and the continuous spectrum of the plasma generated on the surface of Fe^3＋ water solution by a Ti： sapphire laser radiation with pulse duration 〈45 fs and energies up to 7 mJ is determined. A calibration curve was obtained for Fe3＋ concentration range from 0.5 g/L to the limit of detection in water solution, and its saturation was detected for concentrations above 0.25 g/L, which is ascribed to self-absorption. The 3σ- limit of detection obtained for Fe in water solution is 2.6 mg/L in the case of 7 mJ laser pulse energy. It is found that an increase of laser pulse energy insignificantly affects on LOD in the time-resolved LIBS and leads to a slight improvement of the limit of detection.展开更多
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has become a powerful technology in geological applications. The correct identification of rocks and soils is critical to many geological projects. In this study, LIBS dat...Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has become a powerful technology in geological applications. The correct identification of rocks and soils is critical to many geological projects. In this study, LIBS database software with a user-friendly and intuitive interface is developed based on Windows, consisting of a database module and a sample identification module. The database module includes a basic database containing LIBS persistent lines for elements and a dedicated geological database containing LIBS emission lines for several rock and soil reference standards. The module allows easy use of the data. A sample identification module based on partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） or support vector machine （SVM） algorithms enables users to classify groups of unknown spectra. The developed system was used to classify rock and soil data sets in a dedicated database and the results demonstrate that the system is capable of fast and accurate classification of rocks and soils, and is thus useful for the detection of geological materials.展开更多
A new multi-element analysis technique based on laser-excited atomic fluorescence was reviewed. However, the one-wavelength-one-transition constraint was overcome. Numerous elements were induced to fluoresce at a sing...A new multi-element analysis technique based on laser-excited atomic fluorescence was reviewed. However, the one-wavelength-one-transition constraint was overcome. Numerous elements were induced to fluoresce at a single excitation wavelength of 193 nm. This was possible provided that the analytes were imbedded in dense plumes, such as those produced by pulsed laser ablation. The underlying mechanism of the technique was explained and corroborated. Analytical applications to metals, plastics, ceramics and their composites were discribed. Detection limits in the ng/g range and mass limits of atto moles were demonstrated. Several real-world problems, including the analysis of paint coating for trace lead, the non-destructive analysis of potteries and ink, the chemical profiling of electrode plastic interfaces, and the analysis of ingestible lead colloids were discussed.展开更多
The chemiluminescence spectrum in the optical cavity of discharge-driven hydrogen fluoride （HF） chemical laser is measured. The result reveals that the spectra of the helium and fluorine （F） atoms are the major co...The chemiluminescence spectrum in the optical cavity of discharge-driven hydrogen fluoride （HF） chemical laser is measured. The result reveals that the spectra of the helium and fluorine （F） atoms are the major components. Moreover, the green chemiluminescence in the downstream of the optical axis is mostly composed of the 60P20 spectral line of the HF molecule. The analysis shows that, except for the cold pumping reaction, the recombination of the F atoms and the hot pumping reaction also occur in the optical cavity. Due to the hot pumping reaction and the opticM cavity temperature in a specific range, the 60P20 line becomes the strongest HF molecule in the downstream region of the optical axis. After the hot pumping reaction, the green chemiluminescence always appears in the downstream region of the optical axis when the optical cavity temperature varies in a ~reater ran~.展开更多
The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is an element analysis technique with the advantages of real time detection,simultaneous multi-element identification,and in-situ and stand-off capacities.To evaluate its...The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is an element analysis technique with the advantages of real time detection,simultaneous multi-element identification,and in-situ and stand-off capacities.To evaluate its potential of ocean applications,in this paper,the time resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for calcium concentration detection in water is investigated.With the optimum experimental parameters,the plasma emission lifetime is determined to be about 500 ns with 532 nm laser excitation,and 1000 ns with 1064 nm laser excitation.The lowest detection concentration of 50 ppm is achieved for calcium detection in CaCl2 water solution using the 532 nm LIBS.Even better detection sensitivity is achieved using the 1064 nm LIBS,and the resulted lowest detection concentration of calcium is 25 ppm.The results suggest that it is feasible to develop LIBS as an on-line sensor for metal element monitoring in the sea.展开更多
The radiationless relaxation process of excited molecules has developed as the basis for many laser photothermal spectroscopies. For example, laser photoacoustic spectrometry, laser thermal lens spectrometry, laser ph...The radiationless relaxation process of excited molecules has developed as the basis for many laser photothermal spectroscopies. For example, laser photoacoustic spectrometry, laser thermal lens spectrometry, laser photothermal deflection spectrometry, laser photothermal refraction spectrometry and laser photothermal interference spectrometry have been applied to analytical chemistry and evolved into a kind of high sensitivity and high space resolution absorption spectrometries.展开更多
为了更加全面的建立中国土壤类型系统,了解中国土壤地域差异,从而提高土地资源的利用率,以及根据土壤类型指导农业科学生产。该研究利用激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)技术结合化学计量学方法对土壤类型...为了更加全面的建立中国土壤类型系统,了解中国土壤地域差异,从而提高土地资源的利用率,以及根据土壤类型指导农业科学生产。该研究利用激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)技术结合化学计量学方法对土壤类型进行判别分析研究。从6种标准土壤样品出发,分析所采集6种土壤的LIBS光谱谱线特征,结合其主要成分物质(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,FeO,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O)的含量,针对每种主要物质选取了Si I 390.55 nm、Al I 394.40 nm、Fe I 422.74 nm、Mg I 518.36 nm、Na I 588.96 nm、Ca II 393.37 nm、K I 766.49 nm为特征分析谱线。结合所选的7条特征谱线下的300个标准土壤样品的光谱(200个为训练集,100个为预测集),对训练集光谱进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),6种土壤有明显的聚类。然后根据训练集光谱值和预先赋予土壤类型的虚拟等级值分别建立最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)和最小二乘支持向量机(least-squares support vector machine,LS-SVM)判别模型,分析预测结果二者总的判别准确率分别为98%和100%。用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)评价这2个模型的性能,结果表明LS-SVM判别模型性能优于PLS-DA模型。基于以上结果,选取不同于标准土壤的另7种不同类型土壤进行试验验证所选特征谱线和判别模型,建立7种不同类型土壤的LS-SVM预测模型,其预测准确率达100%,ROC曲线对其评价的性能很好。研究证明,LIBS技术结合化学计量学方法能够实现对土壤类型的判别分析,这为土壤质量的正确评价,土壤的整治、规划和合理利用提供理论基础。展开更多
文摘Laser induced breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air.Pulsed Nd∶YAG(1064 nm)in conjunction with a suitable detector(LIBS 2000+,Ocean Optics,Inc)having the optical resolution of 0.06 nm was used to record the emission spectra from 220 to 720 nm.Elements like Al,Ba,Ca,Cr,Cu,P,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na,P,S,Sr,and Zn were found to present in the samples.The relative abundances of the observed elements were calculated through standard calibration curve method,integrated intensity ratio method,and weight percentage LIBS approach.LIBS findings were validated by comparing its results with the results obtained using a typical analytical technique of Inductively Coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES).Limit of detection(LOD)of the LIBS system was also estimated for heavy metals.The experience gain through this work implies that LIBS could be highly applicable for testing the quality and purity of food products.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA040608)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61473279,61004131)the Development of Scientific Research Equipment Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YZ201247)
文摘Principal component analysis （PCA） combined with artificial neural networks was used to classify the spectra of 27 steel samples acquired using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Three methods of spectral data selection, selecting all the peak lines of the spectra, selecting intensive spectral partitions and the whole spectra, were utilized to compare the infiuence of different inputs of PCA on the classification of steels. Three intensive partitions were selected based on experience and prior knowledge to compare the classification, as the partitions can obtain the best results compared to all peak lines and the whole spectra. We also used two test data sets, mean spectra after being averaged and raw spectra without any pretreatment, to verify the results of the classification. The results of this comprehensive comparison show that a back propagation network trained using the principal components of appropriate, carefully selecred spectral partitions can obtain the best results accuracy can be achieved using the intensive spectral A perfect result with 100% classification partitions ranging of 357-367 nm.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(agreement#14-50-00034)(measurements of limit of detection)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(NK 15-32-20878/15)obtained in the frame of "Organization of Scientific Research"in the Far Eastern Federal University supported by Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation
文摘The influence of the energy of femtosecond laser pulses on the intensity of Fe I （371.99 nm） emission line and the continuous spectrum of the plasma generated on the surface of Fe^3＋ water solution by a Ti： sapphire laser radiation with pulse duration 〈45 fs and energies up to 7 mJ is determined. A calibration curve was obtained for Fe3＋ concentration range from 0.5 g/L to the limit of detection in water solution, and its saturation was detected for concentrations above 0.25 g/L, which is ascribed to self-absorption. The 3σ- limit of detection obtained for Fe in water solution is 2.6 mg/L in the case of 7 mJ laser pulse energy. It is found that an increase of laser pulse energy insignificantly affects on LOD in the time-resolved LIBS and leads to a slight improvement of the limit of detection.
基金supported by National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Special Funds,China(No.2011YQ030113)
文摘Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） has become a powerful technology in geological applications. The correct identification of rocks and soils is critical to many geological projects. In this study, LIBS database software with a user-friendly and intuitive interface is developed based on Windows, consisting of a database module and a sample identification module. The database module includes a basic database containing LIBS persistent lines for elements and a dedicated geological database containing LIBS emission lines for several rock and soil reference standards. The module allows easy use of the data. A sample identification module based on partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） or support vector machine （SVM） algorithms enables users to classify groups of unknown spectra. The developed system was used to classify rock and soil data sets in a dedicated database and the results demonstrate that the system is capable of fast and accurate classification of rocks and soils, and is thus useful for the detection of geological materials.
文摘A new multi-element analysis technique based on laser-excited atomic fluorescence was reviewed. However, the one-wavelength-one-transition constraint was overcome. Numerous elements were induced to fluoresce at a single excitation wavelength of 193 nm. This was possible provided that the analytes were imbedded in dense plumes, such as those produced by pulsed laser ablation. The underlying mechanism of the technique was explained and corroborated. Analytical applications to metals, plastics, ceramics and their composites were discribed. Detection limits in the ng/g range and mass limits of atto moles were demonstrated. Several real-world problems, including the analysis of paint coating for trace lead, the non-destructive analysis of potteries and ink, the chemical profiling of electrode plastic interfaces, and the analysis of ingestible lead colloids were discussed.
文摘The chemiluminescence spectrum in the optical cavity of discharge-driven hydrogen fluoride （HF） chemical laser is measured. The result reveals that the spectra of the helium and fluorine （F） atoms are the major components. Moreover, the green chemiluminescence in the downstream of the optical axis is mostly composed of the 60P20 spectral line of the HF molecule. The analysis shows that, except for the cold pumping reaction, the recombination of the F atoms and the hot pumping reaction also occur in the optical cavity. Due to the hot pumping reaction and the opticM cavity temperature in a specific range, the 60P20 line becomes the strongest HF molecule in the downstream region of the optical axis. After the hot pumping reaction, the green chemiluminescence always appears in the downstream region of the optical axis when the optical cavity temperature varies in a ~reater ran~.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA09Z243)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.Y2006A26)
文摘The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is an element analysis technique with the advantages of real time detection,simultaneous multi-element identification,and in-situ and stand-off capacities.To evaluate its potential of ocean applications,in this paper,the time resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for calcium concentration detection in water is investigated.With the optimum experimental parameters,the plasma emission lifetime is determined to be about 500 ns with 532 nm laser excitation,and 1000 ns with 1064 nm laser excitation.The lowest detection concentration of 50 ppm is achieved for calcium detection in CaCl2 water solution using the 532 nm LIBS.Even better detection sensitivity is achieved using the 1064 nm LIBS,and the resulted lowest detection concentration of calcium is 25 ppm.The results suggest that it is feasible to develop LIBS as an on-line sensor for metal element monitoring in the sea.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The radiationless relaxation process of excited molecules has developed as the basis for many laser photothermal spectroscopies. For example, laser photoacoustic spectrometry, laser thermal lens spectrometry, laser photothermal deflection spectrometry, laser photothermal refraction spectrometry and laser photothermal interference spectrometry have been applied to analytical chemistry and evolved into a kind of high sensitivity and high space resolution absorption spectrometries.
文摘为了更加全面的建立中国土壤类型系统,了解中国土壤地域差异,从而提高土地资源的利用率,以及根据土壤类型指导农业科学生产。该研究利用激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)技术结合化学计量学方法对土壤类型进行判别分析研究。从6种标准土壤样品出发,分析所采集6种土壤的LIBS光谱谱线特征,结合其主要成分物质(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,FeO,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O)的含量,针对每种主要物质选取了Si I 390.55 nm、Al I 394.40 nm、Fe I 422.74 nm、Mg I 518.36 nm、Na I 588.96 nm、Ca II 393.37 nm、K I 766.49 nm为特征分析谱线。结合所选的7条特征谱线下的300个标准土壤样品的光谱(200个为训练集,100个为预测集),对训练集光谱进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),6种土壤有明显的聚类。然后根据训练集光谱值和预先赋予土壤类型的虚拟等级值分别建立最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)和最小二乘支持向量机(least-squares support vector machine,LS-SVM)判别模型,分析预测结果二者总的判别准确率分别为98%和100%。用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)评价这2个模型的性能,结果表明LS-SVM判别模型性能优于PLS-DA模型。基于以上结果,选取不同于标准土壤的另7种不同类型土壤进行试验验证所选特征谱线和判别模型,建立7种不同类型土壤的LS-SVM预测模型,其预测准确率达100%,ROC曲线对其评价的性能很好。研究证明,LIBS技术结合化学计量学方法能够实现对土壤类型的判别分析,这为土壤质量的正确评价,土壤的整治、规划和合理利用提供理论基础。
