CHARACTERISTICS OF DROPLET TRANSFER IN CO_2 LASER-MIG HYBRID WELDING WITH SHORTCIRCUITING MODE

LF6 aluminum alloy plates with 4.5 mm thickness are welded in this experiment. Welding is carried out by using the CO2 laser-MIG paraxial hybrid welding in fiat position. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer cycle time of conventional MIG arc is changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in the short-circuiting mode of laser-MIG hybrid welding. Because of the preheating action of CO2 laser to electrode and base material, the droplet transfer frequency of MIG arc is increased in the hybrid welding process. When laser power is increased to a certain degree, the droplet transfer frequency is decreased due to the effect of laser-induced keyhole. Furthermore, through analyzing the MIG welding current and arc voltage waveforms and the characteristics of droplet transfer in the hybrid welding process, the effect of laser energy and the action point between laser beam and arc on the frequency of droplet transfer and weld appearance is investigated in details.

Stability of fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding of high strength aluminum alloy

The effect of fiber laser on MIG arc was investigated with 8 mm 7075-T6 high strength aluminum alloy as base material.The arc shape,droplet transfer form and electrical signal in the process of MIG welding and laser-MIG hybrid welding were analyzed.The stability of the hybrid welding process was evaluated by standard deviation analysis.The results show that with the increase of laser power,a large number of laser-induced plasma enters the arc column area,providing more conductive channels,which makes the heat of MIG arc more concentrated and the short circuit transition disappear.Due to the continuous effect of laser,the keyhole becomes a continuous electron emission source,and a stable cathode spot will be formed near the keyhole,which enhances the stability of MIG arc at the base current state.By using the method of standard deviation analysis,the voltage standard deviation of single MIG welding arc and laser-MIG hybrid arc within 4 seconds was calculated.The standard deviation of single MIG arc voltage was 1.05,and the standard deviation of MIG arc voltage in laser-MIG hybrid welding was 0.71–0.86,so the hybrid welding process was more stable.

The numerical simulation of laser-MIG hybrid welding for Invar alloy

Composites are widely applied to the manufacturing of aircraft in aviation. Forming of large-scale composite component in aircraft requires the corresponding mold with precise size. The laser-MIG hybrid welding has a significant advantage in the manufacturing of Invar mold for aircraft composites. This paper mainly introduces the application of the laser-MIG hybrid welding,and the distribution of thermal field and flow field on the Invar alloy laser-MIG hybrid three-layer welding is analyzed and discussed specifically.

Mathematical analysis of the role of recoil pressure in weld pool dynamics during laser-MIG hybrid welding

A mathematical model was established to simulate the weld pool development and dynamic process in stationary iaser-MlG hybrid welding. Surface tension and buoyancy were considered to calculate liquid metal flow patter, moreover, typical phenomena of MIG welding, such as filler droplets impinging weld pool, electromagnetic force in the weld pool, and typical phenomena of laser beam welding, such as recoil pressure, Inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption, Fresnel absorption were all considered in the model. The laser beam and arc couple effect were introduced into this model by the plasma width during hybrid welding. The role of recoil pressure in the weld formation was discussed. Transient weld pool shape and complicated liquid metal velocity distribution from two kinds weld pool to an unified weld pool were calculated. The simulated weld bead geometry with consideration recoil pressure was in good agreement with experimental measurement.

Joint performance of CO2 laser-MIG hybrid welding 5083-H116 alloy

Laser-MIG hybrid welding process was dealt with 6 mm thick 5083Hl16 Al-Mg alloy plate in butt-joint configuration. Weld formation principle during hybrid welding was explained. The joint properties and microstructure characteristics of welded joints were analyzed by tensile tests, fractographs observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Higher heat input could obtain better mechanical properties, and tensile strength and elongation reached 97.2%, 81% of the base metal, respectively. Fracture position traasited from fusion line to weld center in the higher heat input, and fracture location were only in the center of welded joints for the heat input relatively small.

Detection of butt weld of laser-MIG hybrid welding of thin-walled profile for high-speed train

Purpose–This study aims to solve the problem of weld quality inspection,for the aluminum alloy profile welding structure of high-speed train body has complex internal shape and thin plate thickness(2–4 mm),the conventional nondestructive testing method of weld quality is difficult to implement.Design/methodology/approach–In order to solve this problem,the ultrasonic creeping wave detection technology was proposed.The impact of the profile structure on the creeping wave detection was studied by designing profile structural test blocks and artificial simulation defect test blocks.The detection technology was used to test the actual welded test blocks,and compared with the results of X-ray test and destructive test(tensile test)to verify the accuracy of the ultrasonic creeping wave test results.Findings–It is indicated that that X-ray has better effect on the inspection of porosities and incomplete penetration defects.However,due to special detection method and protection,the detection speed is slow,which cannot meet the requirements of field inspection of the welding structure of aluminum alloy thin-walled profile for high-speed train body.It can be used as an auxiliary detection method for a small number of sampling inspection.The ultrasonic creeping wave can be used to detect the incomplete penetration welds with the equivalent of 0.25 mm or more,the results of creeping wave detection correspond well with the actual incomplete penetration defects.Originality/value–The results show that creeping wave detection results correspond well with the actual non-penetration defects and can be used for welding quality inspection of aluminum alloy thin-wall profile composite welding joints.It is recommended to use the echo amplitude of the 10 mm 30.2 mm 30.5 mm notch as the criterion for weld qualification.

焊接方法对铝合金焊接接头微弧氧化色差的影响

目的分析铝合金焊接接头微弧氧化过程中色差产生的原因。方法采用单激光和激光-MIG复合焊2种焊接方法焊接2A12铝合金,利用RGB值定性描述不同焊接试样的色差差异大小,采用金相、SEM和微区XRD观察2A12铝合金单激光和激光-MIG复合焊接头微弧氧化前后的组织、微观形貌和表面物相组成。结果经微弧氧化处理后,2A12铝合单激光焊焊件的焊缝和母材之间无明显色差,2A12铝合金激光-MIG复合焊焊件的焊缝和母材之间存在明显色差,结合金相组织、表面和截面的SEM形貌以及表面EDS和XRD测试分析结果可知,成分和表面熔融物颗粒的大小不同是铝合金焊接接头微弧氧化色差形成的主要原因,焊接接头的组织对铝合金焊接接头微弧氧化色差的产生没有影响。结论单激光焊接接头微弧氧化后的氧化色差较激光-MIG复合焊接头的小;铝合金(2A12)焊接接头产生氧化色差主要是因为焊接接头的成分和表面熔融物颗粒大小不同,而组织对色差无影响。

Ti6321合金激光-MIG复合焊接接头组织和力学性能分析

对6 mm厚的Ti6321钛合金板开展激光-MIG复合焊接试验,对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,焊缝区金相组织主要为粗大的β柱状晶和细小的针状α’相形成的网篮组织;热影响区金相组织分布不均匀,近焊缝区组织主要由针状马氏体α’相和等轴α相组成,而近母材区组织主要由等轴α相、针状马氏体α’相和少量残余β相组成。拉伸断裂发生在远离焊缝的母材处,抗拉强度均值为935 MPa。焊缝和热影响区的硬度明显高于母材,最高硬度值出现在熔合线附近。

12 mm厚TC4钛合金激光-MIG复合焊接头组织与性能研究

目的探究TC4激光-MIG复合焊接头显微组织与基本力学性能之间的联系,分析接头不同区域的断裂行为。方法利用激光-MIG复合焊制备TC4钛合金对接接头,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察接头焊缝区、热影响区及母材的显微组织,在室温下进行了显微硬度测试、拉伸性能测试与断裂韧性测试,并对试样断口进行了观察分析。结果接头的焊缝区组织为粗大的β相柱状晶,晶内纵横分布着αʹ针状马氏体和针状α相,靠近焊缝一侧的热影响区则由针状αʹ相、α集束与少量细小的块状α相构成。随着远离焊缝中心,母材侧热影响区组织转变为块状的α相、少量α集束及初生β相,并最终趋于与母材组织相似。热影响区的显微硬度值达到最大,这是因为该区域存在比焊缝区更为细小的针状αʹ相。接头的平均抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为1020.22 MPa和7.38%。接头在拉伸时主要在焊缝区发生断裂。焊缝区展现出比母材区和热影响区更优异的断裂韧性,平均值为87.14 MPa·m1/2,焊缝区内纵横交错的网篮组织与集束是其断裂韧性较高的主要原因。结论在TC4钛合金的激光-MIG复合焊过程中,针状α相和αʹ马氏体的存在会提高焊缝的显微硬度和断裂韧性,但相较于母材塑性没有提升,通过调控焊缝区显微组织结构,可以获得所需性能的接头。

激光-MIG复合角焊缝成形工艺研究

目前,复合焊接技术研究多关注于薄板拼接焊,角焊缝焊接仍采用单热源,焊缝成形效果差。针对8 mm厚的Q235低碳钢板角焊缝,研究了激光-MIG复合焊接时,各工艺参数对角焊缝成形尺寸及熔池状态的影响。结果表明:MIG弧焊熔池飞溅较大,焊缝熔深、熔宽均较小,加入激光热源后,激光对电弧有一定的稳定作用,熔深、熔宽均增大,余高减小。弧焊熔池尺寸随电流增大而增大,当激光熔池与弧焊熔池耦合较好时,有利于稳定熔池、减少飞溅;随热源间距增大,熔滴不再滴入激光作用区,耦合作用下降;随焊接速度提升,热源在单位长度焊缝作用时间变短,熔深、熔宽下降。当激光功率为1.5 kW,焊接电流为220 A,热源间距为2 mm,焊接速度为600 mm/min时,弧焊熔池与激光熔池耦合好,熔池最为稳定,焊缝成形最佳。

Study of the Laser-MIG Hybrid Welded Al-Mg Alloy

The technology of laser-MIG hybrid welding is hotspot in welding researched field at present.It can improve the velocity of the welding,reduce the distortion of the welding,optimize the structure of the welding joint and etc..The 5052 aluminum alloy of the 10mm thick was welded by the laser-MIG hybrid welding.The structure,the alloy elements profile and the mechanical property of the welded joint are researched by the optical microscope,SEM,sclerometer and etc..The results showed:The medium thick Al alloy was welded in high speed by the laser-MIG hybrid welding.The appearance of the welding joint is well.The weld joint and the weld interface are fine.The intenerate region in the welding joint is small.The tensile strength in welding joint has achieved 94.4% of that in base metal.

5083铝合金激光-MIG复合单面焊双面成形打底焊工艺优化

采用激光-熔化极惰性气体保护电弧(MIG)复合焊对5083铝合金板进行打底焊,以模拟铝合金罐体单面成形对接焊缝,研究了激光束摆动方式(不摆动、直线摆动、圆形摆动、方形摆动)、激光功率(2.5~4.0 kW)、组对间隙(0,1 mm)和错边(0,1 mm)对焊缝成形质量的影响,并分析了优化工艺下接头的力学性能。结果表明:在3.0 kW激光功率下,当激光束不摆动时,焊缝背面不连续并伴有凹坑,当激光束直线摆动时,焊缝内部存在大量气孔;在圆形激光束摆动模式下,当激光功率为2.5 kW时,焊缝背面未形成连续的全熔透焊缝,当激光功率为4.0 kW时,焊缝出现严重的下塌现象。3.0~3.5 kW激光功率以及圆形或方形激光束摆动模式能够实现单面焊背面自由成形,且焊缝成形良好,在不同组对间隙和错边条件下表现出较强的适应性;在激光功率为3.0 kW、激光束摆动模式为圆形摆动的优化工艺下,焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材的90%,正弯和背弯后接头中均未出现裂纹和其他开口缺陷,满足工程应用要求。

高速列车底板型材激光-熔化极惰性气体保护复合焊接试验

进行高速列车铝合金底板型材激光-熔化极惰性气体保护复合焊接试验,对焊接接头的硬度、形貌、力学性能、显微组织进行分析。结果表明,焊接接头内部熔合良好,无气孔缺陷,焊缝形状狭长,呈上宽下窄形貌。焊接接头平均抗拉强度为230 MPa,达到母材强度的73.5%,拉伸断裂于热影响区。焊缝和热影响区软化区是焊接接头的薄弱部位。受激光焊接作用,焊缝组织为等轴晶和柱状晶,组织分布均匀且细小。

激光功率对镀锌板复合焊接过程稳定性的影响

利用自主设计并搭建的低功率激光诱导MIG电弧的焊接平台对镀锌板进行施焊,并且使用高速摄像与电信号采集设备对诱导焊接在不同激光功率下的电信号及高速摄像信号进行同步采集,研究激光功率对镀锌板复合焊接过程稳定性的影响.研究发现,低功率激光的加入,对MIG电弧具有明显的吸引作用,增大了电弧空间,同时也使受锌蒸汽影响而飘忽不定的电弧边缘趋于稳定;低功率激光的加入,能够缩小电流、电压波动幅度,降低MIG电弧电压约2~3 V,提高了焊接过程的稳定性;随着激光功率的提高,镀锌板复合焊接过程中熔滴过渡更加稳定,规律性更高.

不同热源作用下钢/铝异种金属对接接头的焊缝成形和性能分析

采用三种热源(激光-MIG复合、单MIG、单激光)实现2 mm厚的SUS304不锈钢板和6061铝合金板的对接连接,对比了不同热源下钢侧的湿润铺展情况、焊缝中心组织、钢/铝界面层化合物和接头的拉伸性能。结果表明,激光-MIG复合热源下焊缝的正背面铺展效果最好,而单激光热源下熔融金属很难铺展到钢侧。激光-MIG复合热源和单MIG热源下,焊缝中心组织为α-Al基体上分布着短棒状的Al-Si共晶体,钢/铝界面处有连续分布的锯齿状金属间化合物,界面层厚度分别约为3.6、3.3μm;单激光热源下焊缝中心组织为等轴晶上弥散分布着很多小块状的析出相,钢/铝界面层化合物呈针叶状并沿着铝焊缝生长,厚度约为5.7μm。复合热源下接头的抗拉强度最高,为226.5 MPa,达到铝合金母材的53.8%,断口有少量河流花样;单激光热源下的焊接接头的抗拉强度最低(67 MPa),断口大部分区域呈河流花样,属于典型的脆性断裂。

高强海工钢激光-MIG复合焊研究

高强海工钢具有强度高、质量轻等优点,在海洋工程、船舶制造等领域被广泛应用,然而高强海工钢焊接性较差、服役环境恶劣,传统的熔化焊方法很难实现高质量焊接。激光-MIG复合焊作为一种新型、高效、优质、节能的焊接方法,焊接高强海工钢具有独特优势。本文介绍了激光-MIG复合焊相较于其他焊接技术的优点,综述了激光-MIG复合焊过程中焊接参数对高强海工钢焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响,对高强海工钢激光-MIG复合焊的发展做了预测。

修复次数对6082铝合金焊接接头残余应力的影响

为了明确修复焊接对6082铝合金激光复合焊接接头中残余应力的影响,基于有限元法和仪器化压入试验,建立了激光复合焊接及MIG修复全过程的三维残余应力数值模型,研究了不同修复次数下接头中的残余应力及变形规律。结果表明:建立的数值模型能够准确预测修复接头中的残余应力;相比于原始激光-MIG焊缝,经过MIG修复后,焊缝上部熔宽增大;残余应力峰值、试板表面法向变形量都随着MIG修复次数增加而增加;经3次MIG修复后,残余应力峰值增幅为23%,法向变形量为5.4 mm。

低成本钛合金激光-电弧复合焊接仿真分析

以10 mm的TC4LCA钛合金板为母材,建立TC4LCA板材有限元焊接接头模型,应用Marc软件对热源进行校核,校核结果吻合度较好,并对温度场和应力场进行模拟计算,结果表明焊缝底部位置存在较大残余应力,是焊接缺陷敏感区域;焊后试件中间位置横截面横向残余应力呈现上表面与下表面两端受压、中间受拉的状态,板厚方向残余应力数值较小。

高速列车用铝合金型材激光-MIG复合焊工艺特性和接头性能

激光-MIG复合焊是实现高速列车铝合金车体优质、高效、低成本焊接制造的理想技术。针对高速列车铝合金车体用的3 mm厚6A01-T5铝合金型材,开展激光-MIG复合焊工艺试验,研究工艺参数对焊缝成形及气孔缺陷的影响规律,分析接头的组织特征、硬度分布、拉伸及疲劳性能。结果表明:在满足焊缝熔透条件下,较小的激光功率、较小的电弧电流或较低的焊接速度有益于减少气孔缺陷;接头组织从焊缝中心到母材依次是等轴晶区、柱状晶区、半熔化区、过时效区和母材区,相比电弧主要作用区,激光主要作用区的等轴晶尺寸更小且半熔化区宽度更窄。接头存在软化现象,焊缝区硬度最低,热影响区宽度约1.5 mm;接头的平均抗拉强度达197.5 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的80.6%,试样断裂于焊缝区,表现为明显的韧性断裂特征;接头的疲劳强度为93.5 MPa,裂纹萌生于焊缝表面的组织疏松处,裂纹扩展区断口呈现明显的韧性断裂和脆性断裂的混合断裂特征。

6A01-T5铝合金型材焊接接头疲劳性能研究

对6A01铝合金型材MIG焊和激光-MIG复合焊接头进行疲劳试验,对比研究两种焊接接头的疲劳性能。结果表明:激光-MIG复合焊接头余高试样、平滑试样的中值疲劳强度分别为93.38、108.57 MPa,均比MIG焊接头余高试样、平滑试样的高。激光-MIG复合焊接头有更窄的熔合区和更为细小的晶粒组织,从而降低了疲劳裂纹萌生与裂纹扩展速率,较MIG焊接头有更好的疲劳性能,MIG焊接头焊缝表面的应力集中处、亚表面气孔、疏松等缺陷是疲劳裂纹萌生的敏感部位,大大降低了疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。减少铝合金焊接接头表面应力集中和焊接缺陷是提高其疲劳性能的关键。