North Atlantic Abrupt Climate Signals during the Last Glacial Period in Central Asia：Evidences from Aeolian Loess Sediments

Objective Climate fluctuations over suborbital or millennial timescale display significant instability during the last glacial period,which are often superimposed upon the orbital periodicity.They triggered some abrupt climate events,

Climate change during the last glacial period on the southeast margin of Badain Jaran Desert, Northwest China

Reconstruction of the desert paleoclimate is important to understand the mechanisms that triggered and/or enhanced climate change.Through optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating,grain size,magnetic susceptibility,X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)and geochemical indicators,we provide a welldated record of a sedimentary outcrop on the southeast margin of the Bardain Jaran Desert,Northwest China,during the last glacial period.Four Qz-OSL ages are obtained,41.0±3.4 ka,54.7±4.4 ka,59.5±5.0 ka and 66.8±5.8 ka,corresponding to the depths of 35 cm,70 cm,150 cm and 200 cm respectively.Indicators like grain size,clay content,magnetic susceptibility,XRD and geochemical index(e.g.Sr,Ba,Sr/Ca)jointly indicate abrupt climate changes at the depth of 35 cm(age,ca.41.0 ka)and200 cm(age,ca.67 ka).Namely,the 280 cm sedimentary outcrop perfectly records a warm wet climate stage,corresponding to the late Marine Isotope Stages(MIS)4 to the early MIS 3.Besides,there is a trend of grain size increase after around 40ka BP,which is most likely a signal of wind strength change.Our research supports that enhancing Siberian High pressure system during the late MIS 3played a key role in NW East Asia climate evolution.

Provenance of Sediments Filling a Paleo-Channel that Formed on the Western Yellow Sea Continental Shelf During the Last Glacial Period

Several buried paleo-channels are located on the continental shelf of the western Yellow Sea. Research on the paleochannels is significant for both theoretical studies and practical applications. In this paper, we analyse and discuss the mineralogy of sediments in a core(SYS-0803) recovered from a buried paleo-channel on the continental shelf of the western Yellow Sea. The aim is to determine the provenance of sediments that fill the paleo-channel. The heavy mineral assemblage of sediments in the core consists of schistose minerals, common hornblende, epidote, and ilmenite. The light mineral assemblage consists of plagioclase, quartz, lithic fragments, and K-feldspar. Analysis of the compositional maturity of the sand fraction revealed a quartz/feldspar ratio of < 1. A relatively high percentage of smectite is recorded throughout the entire paleo-channel fill, with the greatest percentage in the middle to lower parts. The detrital mineral assemblage and clay mineral content indicate that the paleo-channel sediments were sourced mainly from the Huanghe River during the last glacial period.

Vast laminated diatom mat deposits from the west low-latitude Pacific Ocean in the last glacial period

Diatoms are one of the predominant contributors to global carbon fixation by accounting for over 40% of total oceanic primary production and dominate export production. They play a significant role in marine biogeochemistry cycle. The diatom mat deposits are results of vast diatoms bloom. By analysis of diatom mats in 136°00′―140°00′E,15°00′―21°00′N, Eastern Philippines Sea, we identified the species of the diatoms as giant Ethmodiscus rex (Wallich) Hendey. AMS 14C dating shows that the sediments rich in diatom mats occurred during 16000―28600 a B.P., which means the bloom mainly occurred during the last glacial period, while there are no diatom mat deposits in other layers. Preliminary analysis indicates that Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) expanded northward and brought silicate-rich water into the area, namely, silicon leakage processes caused the bloom of diatoms. In addition, the increase of iron input is one of the main reasons for the diatom bloom.

Winter and summer monsoonal evolution in Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum

Geochemical and grain size analysis on the DQ （Dongqi） profile from Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, indi- cates that regional climate has experienced several cold-dry and warm-wet cycles since the last glacial maximum （LGM）. The cold and dry climate dominated the region before 15.82 cal. ka B.E due to stronger winter monsoon and weaker summer monsoon, but the climate was relatively cold and wetter prior to 21 cal. ka B.E. In 15.824.5 cal. ka B.E, summer monsoon strength in- creased and winter monsoon tended to be weaker, implying an obvious warm climate. Specifically, the relatively cold and dry condition appeared in 14.7-13.7 cal. ka B.E and 12.14.5 cal. ka B.R, respectively, while relatively warm and wet in 13.~12.1 cal. ka B.E. The winter and summer monsoonal strength presents frequent fluctuations in the Holocene and relatively warm and wet conditions emerged in 9.5~.0 cal. ka B.E due to stronger summer monsoon. From 7.0 to 5.1 cal. ka B.E, the cycle of cold-dry and warm-wet climate corresponds to frequent fluctuations of winter and summer monsoons. The climate becomes warm and wet in 5.1 2.7 cal. ka B.E, accompanying increased summer monsoon, but it tends to be cold and dry since 2.7 cal. ka B.R due to en- hanced winter monsoonal strength. In addition, the evolution of regional winter and summer monsoons is coincident with warm and cold records from the polar ice core. In other words, climatic change in the Gonghe Basin can be considered as a regional re- sponse to global climate change.

末次冰期东海嵊山岛黄土粒度端元分析及其环境意义

【目的】东海岛屿晚更新世风尘黄土堆积是我国黄土在东部长三角及外延海域重要的拓展,深化这一区域风尘黄土沉积的物源特征和后期演化问题研究,对于认识晚更新世区域古环境变化尤为重要。【方法】在OSL测年和磁化率测试基础上,基于东海岛屿典型风尘黄土剖面(嵊山岛黄土)的粒度分析,开展了粒度组成的端元分析,探讨了其蕴含的古环境信息。【结果与结论】嵊山岛黄土沉积可提取出3个粒度端元(EM1~EM3),进一步分析发现EM1可能代表通过高空西风气流传输的远源黏粒组分,EM2可能代表以浮尘形式远距离悬浮搬运并随风力减弱而沉降堆积的细粉砂组分,EM3可能代表冬季风驱动下的近地表短距离搬运堆积的粗粉砂组分。粒度端元分析结果表明,高空西风输送的黏粒端元组分和远距离悬浮运移的浮尘端元组分可能是沉积剖面主要粉尘来源;综合年代学结果、百分频率磁化率和颗粒中值粒径等参数分析,认为东海嵊山岛黄土沉积过程在MIS3阶段先后经历暖湿—冷干—暖湿的旋回波动;并且,所记录的MIS3阶段气候波动以及MIS2阶段末次冰盛期和冰消期的古环境变化同深海氧同位素和古海平面变化趋势相对应,说明东海陆架区域该时期环境演变与全球性气候波动相协同。

The Glacial(MIS 3-2)Outlet Glacier of the Marsyandi Nadi-icestream-network with its Ngadi Khola Tributary Glacier(Manaslu-and Lamjung Himalaya):The Reconstructed Lowering of the Marsyandi Nadi Ice Stream Tongue down in to the Southern Himalaya Foreland

For the reconstruction of past climate variations,investigations on the history of glaciers are necessary.In the Himalaya,investigations like these have a rather short tradition in comparison with other mountains on earth.At the same time,this area on the southern margin of Tibet is of special interest because of the question as to the monsoon-influence that is connected with the climate-development.Anyhow,the climate of High Asia is of global importance.Here for the further and regionally intensifying answer to this question,a glacial glacier reconstruction is submitted from the CentralHimalaya,more exactly from the Manaslu-massif.Going on down-valley from the glacial-historical investigations of 1977 in the upper Marsyandi Khola(Nadi) and the partly already published results of field campaigns in the middle Marsyandi Khola and the Damodar- and Manaslu Himal in the years 1995,2000,2004 and 2007,new geomorphological and geological field- and laboratory data are introduced here from the Ngadi(Nadi) Khola and the lower Marsyandi Nadi from the inflow of the Ngadi(Nadi) Khola down to the southern mountain foreland.There has existed a connected ice-stream-network drained down to the south by a 2,100-2,200 m thick and 120 km long Marsyandi Nadi main valley glacier.At a height of the valley bottom of c.1,000 m a.s.l.the Ngadi Khola glacier joined the still c.1,300 m thick Marsyandi parent glacier from the Himalchuli-massif(Nadi(Ngadi) Chuli) – the south spur of the Manaslu Himal.From here the united glacier tongue flowed down about a further 44 km to the south up to c.400 m a.s.l.(27°57'38 "N/84°24'56" E) into the Himalaya fore-chains and thus reached one of or the lowest past ice margin position of the Himalayas.The glacial(LGP(Last glacial period),LGM(Last glacial maximum) Würm,Stage 0,MIS 3-2) climatic snowline(ELA = equilibrium line altitude) has run at 3,900 to 4,000 m a.s.l.and thus c.1,500 altitude meters below the current ELA(Stage XII) at 5,400-5,500 m a.s.l.The reconstructed,maximum lowering of the climatic snowline(ΔELA = depression of the equilibrium line altitude) about 1,500 m corresponds at a gradient of 0.6°C per 100 altitude meters to a High Glacial decrease in temperature of 9°C(0.6 × 15 = 9).At that time the Tibetan inland ice has caused a stable cold high,so that no summer monsoon can have existed there.Accordingly,during the LGP the precipitation was reduced,so that the cooling must have come to more than only 9°C.

深沪湾末次冰期以来的地层结构及古环境演变

通过深沪湾高分辨率浅地层剖面声学地层和地质钻孔沉积地层的对比,并结合沉积物的粒度、微体古生物以及AMS14C测年的综合分析,揭示了研究区晚更新世末次冰期以来的地层层序,探讨了深沪湾的古环境演变。深沪湾高分辨率浅地层剖面自上而下划分的5个声学地层单元与钻孔岩芯划分的5个沉积地层单元具有较好的对应关系。8.2 ka BP左右,全新世海侵使得海水进入深沪湾海域,海平面低于现今海平面10~12 m,气候凉爽;7 ka BP左右海水到达现今海平面位置,并于6 ka BP左右到达最高,约比现今海平面高2~3 m,气候温暖湿润,这一时期,近岸大量裸子植物被海水淹没并被沉积物快速掩埋;5 850~5 642 a BP研究区温度降低,该降温活动持续到2 ka BP左右,气候凉爽干燥;2 ka BP以来温度逐渐上升,600 a BP左右有一个相对冷期,之后温度又逐渐上升至现今水平。

Heavy mineral stratigraphy of sediments from the southern outer shelf of the East China Sea since the last glaciation using fuzzy C-means cluster method

Correspondence analysis and fuzzy C-means cluster methods were used to divide the stratigraphy of heavy mineral assemblages,and the sediment sources and depositional dynamics of the environment reconstructed.The assemblages were taken from marine sediments from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene in Core Q43 situated on the outer shelf of the East China Sea.Based on the variable boundaries of the mineral assemblage at 63 and 228 cmbsf (cm below sea floor),the core might have previously been divided into three sediment strata marked with units I,II and III,which would be consistent with the divided sediment stratum of the core using minor element geochemistry.The downcore distribution of heavy minerals divided the sedimentary sequence into three major units,which were further subdivided into four subunits.The interval between 0 and 63 cmbsf of the core (unit I),which spans the Holocene and the uppermost late Pleistocene,is characterized by a hornblende-epidote-pyroxene assemblage,and contains relatively a smaller amount of schistic mineral and authigenic pyrite.In comparison,the interval between 63 and 228 cmbsf (unit II),is representative of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM),and features a hornblende-epidote-magnetite-ilmenite assemblage containing the highest concentrations of heavy minerals and opaque minerals.However,the interval between 228 and 309 cmbsf (unit III),which spans the subinterglacial period,is characterized by a hornblende-authigenic-pyrite-mica assemblage.Relative ratios of some heavy minerals can be used as tracers of clastic sediment sources.The lower part of the sediment core shows the highest magnetite/ilmenite ratio and relatively high hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios.The middle core shows the highest hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios,and the lowest magnetite/ilmenite ratio.The upper part exhibits a slightly higher magnetite/ilmenite ratio,and also the lowest hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios.The distribution of the mineral ratio is consistent with stratigraphic division in heavy mineral data using correspondence analysis and fuzzy C-means clustering.Variations in heavy mineral association and mineral ratio in core Q43 revealed changes in provenance and depositional environment of the southern outer shelf of the East China Sea since the late Pleistocene,well corresponding to interglacial and glacial cycles.

南昌市厚田剖面末次冰期沉积的色度特征及其古环境意义

色度是古环境重建的重要指标之一,常用于黄土高原黄土古气候重建,但其在亚热带湿润区第四纪沉积中的研究十分少见且意义不明。选取鄱阳湖南岸之厚田沙地的沉积剖面为研究对象,进行了色度测试,结合光释光测年结果,将色度参数与其他气候代用指标进行对比,探讨MIS4—MIS2期间的古气候变化特征。结果表明:各色度参数曲线在剖面垂直方向上产生了较大波动,呈现出干冷→暖湿→干冷的多个冷暖震荡。其中L^(*)值曲线的波峰段主要集中在沙丘砂层(HT6、HT4、HT1),指示MIS4阶段、MIS3b阶段和MIS2晚期阶段为干燥寒冷的气候环境,冬季风增强;a^(*)、b^(*)、C^(*)和h^(*)值曲线的波峰段主要集中在砂质古土壤层(HT5、HT3、HT2),指示MIS3c阶段、MIS3a阶段和MIS2早期阶段为温暖湿润的气候环境,夏季风增强,反映了该区域在末次冰期受冬季风和夏季风交替影响的气候演变格局。

Vegetation pattern of Northeast China during the special periods since the Last Glacial Maximum

Since the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM), the global climate has experienced several stages, such as cold and warming events, which provide an ideal model for evaluating climate change in the future. Based on the pollen records in Northeast(NE) China, the vegetation pattern during special periods since the LGM was reconstructed in this work. During the LGM(approximately 18,000 cal yr BP), the steppes expanded rapidly in NE China, and a cold-dry meadow-steppe developed on the Songnen Plain. The Liaohe Plain and the Hulun Buir Plateau were occupied by a steppe-desert, with forest-steppe vegetation grown in the central and southern plains;there were cold-dry coniferous forests and mixed conifer-broadleaf forests in mountainous areas. In the early Holocene(10,000–9,000 cal yr BP), Changbai mountain(CBM) forests thrived in the eastern hilly area and the Sanjiang Plain, while the central region was dominated by steppes, and warm-temperate broadleaf forests developed northward. During the Holocene warm period(approximately 6,000 cal yr BP), CBM forests and cold-temperate coniferous forests developed in the north, while spruce-fir forests developed in the eastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains and the Sanjiang Plain. The distribution centre of deciduous broadleaf forests migrated to the south of the Changbai Mountains and the Liaodong Peninsula. The isolated woodlands increased on the Songnen Plain and the meadow-steppes expanded to the Liaohe Plain. Therefore, the increase in temperature leads to the increase of monsoon precipitation in NE China, which is beneficial to the development of warm-temperate forest vegetation. The increase of summer monsoons and precipitation caused by climate warming may be the main reason for the improved plant load.

末次冰期东亚季风气候的变迁:贵州都匀七星洞石笋的δ^(18)O记录

通过对贵州都匀七星洞4根石笋系统的31件TIMSU系及543件稳定同位素分析,揭示出其气候变化记录时限范围为1.1～8.5万a,相当于海洋同位素阶段的MIS2,MIS3,MIS4及MIS5a。根据δ18O的变化可以准确确定它们之间的界线,其年龄值为:MIS1/MIS211.3kaB.P.,MIS2/MIS328.7kaB.P.,MIS3/MIS459.6kaB.P.,MIS4/MIS5a78.5kaB.P.。研究表明,末次冰期相当于格陵兰冰芯记录、北大西洋沉积记录的YD、Heinrich事件等的气候跃变事件,几根石笋取得了非常一致的准确定位及定年。其中YD事件发生于12.76～11.52kaB.P.,Heinrich事件的H1～H6分别为15～17kaB.P.,24.6kaB.P.,30.5kaB.P.,39.3kaB.P.,46.8～47.8kaB.P.以及60.4kaB.P.。在MIS4阶段,石笋记录于66.4kaB.P.及73.8kaB.P.揭示了两次冷事件,也可于格陵兰冰芯记录中找到相对应的冷谷。通过与GISP2的对比研究,表明东亚季风气候的百年至千年尺度的气候演变,与北大西洋及格陵兰高纬度地区的气候变化具有非常协调的对应关系。它对研究季风气候的动力机制及其与全球变化的响应关系具有特别重要的意义。

中国干旱、半干旱区末次冰期以来气候变化规律

以临夏塬堡末次冰期中晚期黄土剖面为基础 ,选用我国干旱、半干旱区末次冰期以来同期异相或同期同相的气候记录与研究剖面进行对比分析后表明 :位于西风气流控制的新疆地区全新世气候总体表现为偏干偏冷 ,晚期较为温暖的特点 ,其气候波动的幅度和频率较低。而位于季风环流控制的其它地区 ,全新世气候变化反映了同样的变化规律 ,即早全新世的升温波动期、中全新世的温暖稳定期和晚全新世的变冷期 ,其气候波动的幅度和频率较快。而无论是西风气流控制的新疆地区 ,还是季风环流影响的其它我国干旱、半干旱区 ,末次冰期气候变化均表现为早晚期的干冷期和中期的温湿期 ,尽管其干冷和温湿的程度不尽相同。

日本海末次冰期千年尺度古环境变化的地球化学记录

日本海末次冰期交替出现的深色层与浅色层可能记录了格陵兰冰芯指示的Dansgarrd-Oeschger旋回冷暖变化。本文对取自日本海南部KCES1岩芯纹层沉积物进行了高分辨率XRF岩芯扫描地球化学测试,运用因子分析来判别沉积物不同组分和来源。结果显示深色纹层中指示陆源碎屑来源元素Al,K和Ti含量较高,而代表生源组分的元素Ca和Sr含量较低;浅色层相反。深浅色纹层元素含量变化指示的陆源碎屑输入波动记录了Dansgarrd-Oeschger旋回信号,与冷期相比,在温暖期钻孔沉积物中较多的陆源碎屑可能是由加强的东海沿岸流带入日本海。末次冰期格陵兰和北大西洋等高纬地区气候变化导致大气环流和/或洋流系统发生改变,从而对东亚季风降水的调控可能是造成KCES1岩芯中元素含量变化的主要原因。

川东北宋家洞高分辨率石笋δ^(13)C记录与D/O事件5-1

基于川东北宋家洞石笋SJ1的399个稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)数据建立了末次冰期中晚期(14~43 ka)高分辨率δ13C时间序列。SJ1的δ13C变化与已发表的该石笋稳定氧同位素组成(δ18O)变化趋势非常一致,清晰地记录了该地区植被对D/O事件5-10的敏感响应。东亚夏季风气候控制的地表植被(包括C3和C4植被比例C3/C4变化和植被密度变化)和土壤微生物活动变化可能是影响SJ1的δ13C变化的主要因素。在这些D/O事件发生时δ13C变轻,指示了C3/C4植被比例上升和植被密度增加。此外,受降水控制的岩溶地下水流速影响的水-岩相互作用,石笋表面滴水时间间隔、洞穴空气的CO2分压和洞穴通风效应等因素影响的CO2脱气作用和先期碳酸盐沉积也可能对SJ1的δ13C变化产生了影响。

末次冰期黄河解体事件初探

70年代末，水文地质部门在华北平原上打了大量第四系钻孔，1993年对其中近百个钻孔的沉积相和测年资料重新进行分析，发现在该区全新统之下、上更新统上部普遍发育了一层细砂层，埋深一般为对20－40m。厚度约为5－20m，平面分布连续而稳定。90年代在黄渤海进行过数千公里的浅地层剖面测量，在海底以下十几米至40m左右的深度也发现该细砂层，厚约为15－30m。剖面仪记录下该砂层发育有大倾角斜层理，其倾角达10－20°，将其定为风成沉积。本次冰期盛时，无论是华北平原还是黄渤海陆架，均未发育以粉砂为主的黄河沉积。因此，笔者认为本次冰期盛时的21-13kaB．P，黄河解体消亡，因而未能东流入海。这一结论，恰与当时黄河流域气候干旱、降水量小的古地理环境特点相吻合。

南黄海、东海陆架及冲绳海槽北部沉积物的^(10)Be和~9Be记录

文章讨论了南黄海泥质区、东海陆架及冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物和柱状岩芯中10Be及9Be含量的水平和垂直分布,并与重金属Pb的分布进行了比较。表层沉积物中的10Be,9Be和Pb三者表现出完全不同的分布特征。10Be的分布主要受黑潮及其支流黄海暖流所支配;9Be的分布受黄河陆源物质输入的影响,主要集中在南黄海泥质区;Pb则主要分布在长江口和琉球群岛附近,反映了人类活动的影响。冲绳海槽北部末次冰期和全新世时10Be的沉积通量变化在整体上反映了10Be大气生产率的变化,即地球磁场屏蔽效应的影响。03孔全新世时10Be的沉积通量(1·12×109atoms/cm2ka)基本上等于10Be的现代大气平均生产率,而在末次冰期时平均为4·06×109atoms/cm2ka,高于10Be的现代大气平均生产率3倍以上。在冲绳海槽由于黑潮的缘故,10Be对气候的变化响应要比极地冰芯的10Be变化响应灵敏的多,对气候变化信号起了放大的作用。冰期时冲绳海槽北部10Be的沉积通量远远高于太平洋大洋海区,充分反映了黑潮的传送带作用和边缘海的聚焦沉积作用,并表明末次冰期时在千年尺度上黑潮仍流经冲绳海槽,且强度并未减弱。10Be的通量在新仙女木时降到整个岩芯所跨时期的最低点,甚至低于10Be的现代大气平均生产率,因此推测在新仙女木事件时,黑潮的变动特别大,有可能改向或断流。

末次冰期最盛时期以来中国东部边缘海潮波系统演变过程的模拟研究

在系统地研究了中国东部边缘海区引潮力、入射潮波、科氏力、水下地形、海岸形态及摩擦作用等因素对区域潮波系统形成影响的基础上 ,确定了中国东部边缘海的海岸轮廓是区域潮波系统形成的主导因素 ,认为模拟末次冰期最盛时期以来中国东部边缘海区潮波系统的形成过程需要 3个重要的控制性条件 ,即入射潮波、海岸线变迁过程和海面变化曲线。利用中国东部边缘海潮波系统与海岸演变模拟支持系统 ,对末次冰期最盛时期以来 30个时期中国东部边缘海区潮波系统的形成与演变过程进行了模拟再现研究 ,系统地恢复了在不同的海面高程、不同的岸线形态条件下全日潮、半日潮潮汐分布特征。模拟结果显示 ,末次冰期最盛时期以来 ,12 40 0 a B.P.和 75 0 0 a B.P.两个时间界限分别代表了旋转潮波系统—无潮点开始出现、中国东部边缘海潮波系统现代格局基本奠定这两个特征事件的发生时间 ,将中国东部边缘海潮波系统的演变过程划分为 3个发展时期。

柳夼剖面末次冰期层段Rb/Sr的不稳定变化及其揭示的气候特征

位于山东半岛北部成山头附近的末次冰期地层,被称为"柳夼红层"。在野外调查的基础上,选择柳夼剖面进行工作,其末次冰期地层主要由沙丘砂与古土壤或湖积层叠覆堆积组成,地质时代为13.1―78.9 ka BP。根据铷、锶、Rb/Sr和矿物组成的分析结果,得出结论如下:1)不稳定矿物尤其是钾长石和斜长石等分解释放出铷、锶,释放量随着风化作用加强而增加。地球化学行为的差异使铷在风化过程中被吸附而锶淋失,导致铷的质量分数在沉积相中表现为沙丘砂<砂质古土壤<湖积层<粉砂质古土壤,锶则表现为沙丘砂>湖积层>砂质古土壤>粉砂质古土壤。2)铷、锶和Rb/Sr在层段上呈现出明显的峰谷变化,将末次冰期的气候波动特征呈现为LKS4、LKS2的寒冷期和LKS3的温暖期,LKS3又可划分为LKS3b的寒冷期和LKS3c、LKS3a的温暖期,体现了万年尺度的气候波动特征。这些暖阶段同步于中国季风区葫芦洞石笋记录的夏季风强盛期和65°N 7月份天文辐射总量的高峰,冷阶段对应于夏季风减弱期和天文辐射总量低谷,表明柳夼剖面末次冰期的气候变化是太阳辐射量和东亚夏季风格局共同影响下的结果。

末次冰期河流下切行为对气候变化的响应模式

末次冰期是距离人类最近的一次冰期,气候异常寒冷且存在高频高幅波动,河流系统如何响应冰期气候的变化值得关注与研究。基于河流系统对气候变化的敏感响应,传统的经典地貌理论认为河流下切在河流阶地形成过程中起着至关重要的作用,河流的下切行为发生在间冰期或者冰期向间冰期的过渡阶段,堆积行为发生于冰期,然而近年来最新的河流地貌研究成果表明,末次冰期河流下切较为普遍。首先对河流阶地形成的传统模式进行总结分析,认为单纯的构造驱动模式存在不合理性,气候也发挥着重要的调节作用;单一的气候变化无法驱动多级且高差较大阶地的形成,地壳抬升往往是必要因素;气候变化是引发河流堆积-下切行为转换形成河流阶地的关键因素。其次通过前人的研究案例总结出末次冰期河流下切行为响应气候变化的三种模式:(1)气候的高度不稳定性引发大规模的洪水事件驱动河流快速下切;(2)快速隆升区气候高频波动叠加构造抬升驱动河流下切;(3)沿海平原地区海平面大幅度下降驱动河流下切。这三种模式对于理解末次冰期河流系统对短尺度高频气候变化的响应以及对河流阶地成因的判断具有十分重要的指导意义。