New Industrialization: Characteristics, System Development and Implementation Pathway

New industrialization in China, different from its past economic development pattern or patterns in developed nations, is the country’s theoretical innovation based on the positive and negative experiences of industrialization at home and worldwide. New industrialization has various novel characteristics, including new sources of efficiency, new factors of production, new organizational forms, and new constraints. In addition, it has certain particularities arising from modernization with Chinese characteristics. This article summarizes the characteristics of new industrialization from the perspectives of people-centered approach, quality-first concept, independent innovation, green low-carbon economics, digital-real integration, and open circulation. There are four systems for promoting new industrialization: A self-sustained scientific and technological system, a high-end advanced manufacturing system, a green low-carbon circular system, and a division of labor system with domestic and international circulation. The Chinese new industrialization proposes the pathway and policy measures considering the new global situation and the requirements of new goals of strengthening organization and leadership, reducing factor cost, accelerating independent technological innovation, smoothing domestic and international circulation, and optimizing competition environment.

Nationalist Trends in the Transformation of New Zealand’s Maori Language Policy

Language is an important carrier of human culture and a specific method for communication between humans.It is one of the most important symbols of human identity and flags of dividing group identity.At present,in the modern national state,the government is paying more attention to language policy and being more and more prudent to it.In the process of making and implementing language policy,the government must take into account a range of factors such as the country’s national history,politics,culture,economy,and relations between different social groups.From the mid-nineteenth century,when New Zealand became a British colony,until the mid-twentieth century,the Maori people were inspired to defend their rights and respect for themselves by the rise of Maori nationalist ideology and Maori political radicalism in a struggle that lasted more than 100 years.Until 1994,there were more than 800 kohanga reo,early childhood institutions that established Maori language instruction independent of the school system,and the nationalism drives to revitalize the Maori national language was at its peak.The process of revolution on Maori language policies in New Zealand reflects a trend of nationalist thoughts from Maori becoming more deep.Exploring the process of change in New Zealand’s Maori language policy will help to develop the study of the social history of indigenous peoples during the colonial period and will contribute to the study of the development of colonized countries and regions in the post-colonial period.The change in New Zealand’s Maori language policy has provided an important example of the preservation and revitalization of the indigenous languages of the world’s former colonies,which is of great significance for the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity.

Greater China's IPO Embraces Another Breakthrough Driven by Significant“New Policies”

Greater China once again led the global market for initial public offerings(IPOs)with 372 IPOs raising US$60.3 billion,amid the global market experienced divergent performance across regions in a higher volatility environment and a greater range of financing options now available,according to EY’s Global IPO Market Study Report:2015 review and 2016 outlook.Despite a rollercoaster ride in 2015,the Mainland A-share market is expected to have a rewarding year ahead following

International Comparison and Enlightenment of the Industrial Policies for the New Energy Vehicles

For a long time, the new energy automobile market has been maintained locally and cannot fonn a mechanism of the market competition. Since this year, the State Council has repeatedly broken this abuse, and the abolition of the local catalogue of the new energy vehicles is the right remedy. In the implementation of the new energy vehicles, it is very important to advance the basic equipment. Compared with the purchase tax preferences, consumers need to improve the basic equipment such as the charging piles and improve the basic access environment. At present, the actual situation of the production and marketing of the new energy automobile industry in our country is that it develops fast but is not perfect, and its output and sales are large but its quality is not good. Behind the initial scale, it is the reality that the overall technical level is not high. We still haven't mastered many core technologies such as batteries, motors, and the electronic control and so on.

NEW POLICIES FOR PUDONG DEVELOPMENT

As a major area of China for reform andopening and economic developmentin the 90s and the next century,Pudongis in a period for beefing up its development.The next stage of its development will requirenational support and involvement.For thispurpose,the central government is offeringmore preferential policies on the basis ofcontinuing the former preferential policiesfor Pudong,thus accelerating its developmentduring the Ninth Five-Year Plan period.

NEW POLICIES PROMOTE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

The Chinese government issued a regulation on promoting the transformation of R&D results recently. The new policies, which were jointly formulated by seven governmental departments, are aimed at further encouraging China’s scientists to commercialize their R&D results, set up new hi-tech business and speed up the process of China’s hi-tech industrialization.

Modeling the Diffusion of New Energy Vehicles in China Considering Subsidy Policies

The new energy vehicle(NEV)subsidy policy introduced in China in 2013 has significantly boosted the adoption and sales of NEVs,with sales increasing more than 40-fold.However,the mechanisms by which subsidy policies influence the diffusion of NEVs in China remain unclear,posing challenges for governments to design future strategies.Thus,the primary objective of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of subsidy policy on the diffusion of new energy vehicles and to forecast future development trends using the grey Bass model,a predictive model suited for new product adoption forecasting.Our findings suggest that while the sales of NEVs in China will continue to rise,the growth rate will slow.Key milestones include the first inflection points for new energy vehicles and battery electric vehicles,anticipated in 2025 and 2024 respectively,with peak sales expected in 2028 and 2027.These insights are crucial for manufacturers,enabling them to adjust their production strategies timely and enhance their resilience in the market.

Local Responses to Macro Development Policies and Their Effects on Rural System in China's Mountainous Regions:The Case of Shuanghe Village in Sichuan Province

China has promulgated a series of policies including the Western Development Program, the Grain for Green Project, agricultural support policies and building a new countryside strategy to eliminate east-west differences and urban-rural disparities since the late 1990s. This paper gives a holistic examination on local responses to the four typical macro socio-economic development policies and their effects on rural system based on a case study of a mountainous village in southern Sichuan Province. The results showed that the policies have not moved the case study village from its historically marginal status. To some extent, its socio-economic situation might have been worsened by accelerated out- migration of the youth, loss of agricultural land due to afforestation and industrial plants, increased fire hazard due to afforestation and reforestation, increased environmental pollution due to industrial enterprises attracted to the village and a steep decline in agricultural production due to loss of and inefficient use of cultivated land. Factors causing local villages' dilemmas include the nonuniformity of actors' objectives, finiteness of villagers' abilities, and the imperfect incentive and restraint mechanism for local government's activities under existing policy framework composed of uncoordinated one-size-fits- all policies. We suggest that China's rural policy in the new period should gradually shift from a sectoral to a place-based one, from top-down incentives to the development of bottom-up projects, and fully recognize the diversity of rural space, so as to lift localcapacities and make good use of the knowledge shared by different actors. Moreover, it is also necessary to integrate the various sectoral policies, and improve the interministerial and interdepartmental coordination of rural policies at regional and local levels.

Government subsidies, dual-credit policy, and enterprise performance: Empirical evidence from Chinese listed new energy vehicle companies

The development of the new energy vehicle industry has become a key force driving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.To better guide future strategies,this study investigates the dual impact of subsidy and dual-integral policies on the performance of new energy vehicle enterprises.This study first theorizes the influential mechanism according to the institutional-based approach and technical innovation theory,and then collects data from listed companies in the new energy vehicle industry from 2016 to 2020.The hypotheses are examined using a two-way fixed-effects model.The findings show that:(1)subsidy policies are can still improve enterprise performance,but not through green technology innovation;(2)the dual-credit policy can improve enterprise performance through green technology innovation;and(3)under current policy conditions,with subsidies declining annually,the interaction effects between the subsidy and dual-integral policies will also decrease.Thus,this study suggests that non-monetary industrial policy,represented by the dual credit policy is a more effective alternative to government subsidies.

Systematic Analysis and Innovation for Development Policies of Beijing Seed Industry at Transformation Stage

At transformation stage,seed Industry is not only a fundamental and strategic industry during the construction of World City,but also part of urban and modern agriculture in Beijing. Based on the analysis of the theory of industrial economics and system theory,the article constructs the seed industry policy analysis model,systematically analyzes the support points of national level and the city of Beijing seed industry policy,and studies policy input,mechanism,output and effects by way of systematic analysis,as well as proposes polices and suggestions on promotion of development for Beijing seed industry and on construction of new seed industry from talent incentive,platform construction,seed trading and enterprise cultivation.

论“新质生产力”的国家方略政策取向

生产力是决定经济社会发展的基础性根本性因素,一切经济社会现象归根结底受生产力状况所决定与制约。“新质生产力”是对国家发展方略及政策取向的原则提示,是将国家发展的方略核心,定位于“聚焦生产力,发力新科技”的实践方向;“新质生产力”既要有科技创新的要素结构,也要有创新担当和允许试错的制度安排。一个国家的人才政策取向,能否适应更需创新激励与权责担当的就业结构和工作秩序,对经济发展形势具有关键性影响;一心谋发展,聚意高质量,是众望所归的人民意愿,也是国家选择发展模式的政策取向。人类社会随着科技创新,特别是数字化和AI技术的长足发展,重复类工作将被大量替代,新创类工作不断涌现,纠管类工作得以优化。未来由于生产力的质态变化,产业组织也将发生根本性的变革,从而对经济系统中组织资本和信任资本具有更高要求。

颠覆性技术政策—技术路线图框架构建与实证分析--以中国新能源汽车产业为例

在传统技术路线图的基础上,构建面向颠覆性技术及其新兴产业发展的政策—技术路线图框架,提出防御型、培育型、赋能型3类政策工具在用户需求、市场、产品、技术、参与者5个维度上的作用机制及其顺序逻辑。在此基础上,以中国新能源汽车产业为例,综合采用案例分析和荟萃分析方法,验证该框架的解释力。研究结果表明:政策—技术路线图框架从社会—技术系统转型视角阐释各阶段政策工具与颠覆性技术及其新兴产业发展间的互动演进规律,并提出早期阶段应以防御工具为主,侧重支撑知识空间形成;成长阶段应以培育工具为主,侧重建立良好利基功能;转型阶段应以赋能工具为主,通过适应性和转换性手段促使新旧范式平稳转换。

中国能源政策2023年回顾与2024年调整研判

2023年,在世界地缘政治动荡、能源价格中高位徘徊、应对气候变化以及绿色低碳转型等多种因素持续交错叠加背景下,中国能源政策坚持战略定力,进一步聚焦能源安全保障、促进多品种能源融合发展、能源与数字信息化技术耦合协同、推动天然气加快发展,以及进一步加快绿色低碳能源布局和规模发展。2024年,中国将继续深化能源体制改革,提升能源产业链供应链韧性和安全水平;提升天然气在能源结构中的地位,促进天然气全产业链发展;推动新型能源体系建设,促进电力市场与新能源发展;加快碳市场体系建设,遏制碳排放上升态势,最终为构建新型能源体系和促进能源产业现代化发展夯实政策基础。

加快形成新质生产力的人才驱动策略

人才是新质生产力形成的主体性、决定性因素。在生产要素体系中,作为从事高层次、高难度、复杂性、创新性劳动的人才对新质生产力的形成更具推动作用。人才发展体系基于“主体-空间-要素”三维逻辑,通过国家人才政策与市场人才机制指引新质生产力的发展方向,以全球人才市场的开放自由流动保障新质生产力的发展场域,借助资本-科技-教育多向度培育人才,赋能新质生产力的形成。但我国人才发展存在人才供给结构难以满足产业深度转型的发展需求,单向度的人才效能发挥难以促进技术革命性突破,人才制度的静态固化阻碍生产要素的创新性配置,人才流动“虹吸效应”阻碍生产格局的优化组合等阻碍新质生产力形成的困局。必须坚持“四个面向”的人才工作导向,指引新质生产力的发展方向;推进“人才本位”的体制机制改革,释放新质生产力的人才效能;深化“高精尖缺”战略人才引领发展,夯实新质生产力的核心力量;建构“引育用留”全过程人才管理体系,激发新质生产力的创新活力;优化“纵横贯通”的人才自由流动体系,构筑新质生产力的良性循环。全方位优化人才发展体系,通过人才引领加快驱动新质生产力的形成。

绿色金融试点政策对新能源企业技术创新的影响研究

绿色金融试点政策作为促进我国经济绿色低碳发展的重要途径,可以有效解决新能源行业技术创新资金瓶颈问题。选取2012—2021年A股上市新能源企业为研究对象,以2017年作为绿色金融试点政策实施的时间节点,构建双重差分模型实证研究了绿色金融试点政策对新能源企业技术创新的影响。结果表明:(1)绿色金融试点政策促进了新能源企业技术创新;(2)绿色金融试点政策可以缓解新能源企业融资约束,进而促进新能源企业技术创新;(3)在企业异质性分析方面,国有产权性质、社会责任意识较好、较高金融发展水平和较高绿色金融水平地区的新能源企业技术创新受绿色金融试点政策的促进效果更明显。研究结论可以为新能源企业制定技术创新策略和融资策略提供一定的决策支持。

加快发展新质生产力的财政力量

加快发展新质生产力,是扎实推进高质量发展的要求,是推动中国式现代化的必由之路。加快发展新质生产力,需要准确把握新质生产力概念和新理念。加快发展新质生产力需要注意的主要问题包括:做到传统生产力和新质生产力的有机结合;处理好产学研关系;处理好市场与政府的关系;正确处理好短期和中长期的关系;立足各地不同的基础条件;全面深化改革开放。加快发展新质生产力,关键在科技创新。文章从企业科技创新、人才政策和教育发展三个方面分析了加快发展新质生产力的财政力量。

适应新发展格局的产业政策体系演变逻辑与主要趋向

构建新发展格局是中国迈入新发展阶段后重塑竞争优势的必然选择,产业政策是新发展格局下将中国塑造成为有竞争力经济体的重要工具,对内激励竞争和对外强化安全成为产业政策新目标。基于经济发展阶段视角厘清产业政策、科技创新政策、竞争政策之间的融合、协调、退出与重构等关系,统合探究各类政策在新发展格局构建中的基本逻辑。进一步提出在多元化政策目标下,中国要打出一套以竞争政策为基础、产业政策与竞争政策相互协调、选择性产业政策逐渐让位于功能性产业政策、科技政策由激励科技创新链条的后端向前端突破侧重、重大领域发挥新型举国体制优势的政策“组合拳”,并提出通过建立多层次政策协调机制、健全产业政策的全流程治理机制等举措完善新发展格局下的产业政策体系。

构建适应新质生产力发展的产业政策体系

在追赶阶段,推动传统生产力发展的产业政策具有以引进模仿为主和选择性两个典型特征。新质生产力原创性、颠覆性、不确定性的技术经济特征使产业政策的逻辑发生改变,自主创新的重要性提高,选择性产业政策的失败概率加大,需要发挥市场微观主体的探索作用。加快新质生产力的发展,要根据新质生产力的技术经济特征对科技创新、产业化、产业组织、法律与监管等方面的政策作出适应性调整。

产业政策如何支撑产业升级:基于深圳模式的解析

找到将地区比较优势转化为竞争优势的机制,是后发地区实现产业起步乃至赶超发展的前提。改革开放之初,深圳作为改革开放前沿阵地,利用先行先试的政策优势,将丰富的劳动力及土地要素与世界产业转移浪潮结合,找到了启动工业化进程的机制,并通过适时而变的产业政策,成功将地区比较优势转化为了竞争优势,推动地区工业化快速发展,并实现了产业结构的阶段跃迁。自1980年以来,深圳产业经历了四个阶段升级,目前部分细分行业已走到引领国际前沿的位置,塑造了多个特征鲜明的发展模式。从模式演化角度来看,主要有起步阶段外生驱动下的“内附-外嵌”模式、培育动态比较优势阶段借助外生动力衍生本地优势的补链模式、加入世贸组织后培育国际竞争优势阶段以内生动力驱动高新技术产业发展的集群模式、目前深化竞争优势阶段通过知识融合哺育国际前沿新业态的融合模式。相应地,产业政策也经历了“试错型”产业政策、要素保障型产业政策、创新保障型产业政策和前沿探索型产业政策等阶段。深圳产业发展模式的跃迁是产业迭代升级的体现,也是有为政府适时调整产业政策的结果,未来应进一步引领国家构建有助于新质生产力发展的国际一流产业生态。

新粮食安全观下粮食产业支持政策的演化特征与优化构想

新粮食安全观是以人民为中心的共同价值观,确保国家粮食产业安全是新粮食安全观的核心要义、理论意涵和实践方法。新粮食安全观导向下粮食产业具有典型的个性演化规律特征,决定着粮食产业支持政策演化逻辑的特殊性。当前我国粮食产业支持政策具有配置性、再生性、激励性、补偿性、进阶性等五维特征,符合新粮食安全观价值匹配要求,发挥着“牢牢端稳中国饭碗”保障的积极作用。但是,当今国际粮食产业安全的自然风险、社会风险和政治风险剧增,中国式现代化战略任务紧迫而又艰巨,粮食产业支持政策需要与时俱进并持续优化,即要遵循新粮食安全观下粮食产业演化规律,从粮食产业支持政策的静态性系统供给、动态性行为响应、适配性行为协调等方面加强优化设计,推动粮食产业高阶化演进,以适应中国式现代化粮食产业安全响应行为需要,确保中国人的饭碗任何时候都牢牢端在自己手中。