Latent factor(LF) models are highly effective in extracting useful knowledge from High-Dimensional and Sparse(HiDS) matrices which are commonly seen in various industrial applications. An LF model usually adopts itera...Latent factor(LF) models are highly effective in extracting useful knowledge from High-Dimensional and Sparse(HiDS) matrices which are commonly seen in various industrial applications. An LF model usually adopts iterative optimizers,which may consume many iterations to achieve a local optima,resulting in considerable time cost. Hence, determining how to accelerate the training process for LF models has become a significant issue. To address this, this work proposes a randomized latent factor(RLF) model. It incorporates the principle of randomized learning techniques from neural networks into the LF analysis of HiDS matrices, thereby greatly alleviating computational burden. It also extends a standard learning process for randomized neural networks in context of LF analysis to make the resulting model represent an HiDS matrix correctly.Experimental results on three HiDS matrices from industrial applications demonstrate that compared with state-of-the-art LF models, RLF is able to achieve significantly higher computational efficiency and comparable prediction accuracy for missing data.I provides an important alternative approach to LF analysis of HiDS matrices, which is especially desired for industrial applications demanding highly efficient models.展开更多
High-dimensional and sparse(HiDS)matrices commonly arise in various industrial applications,e.g.,recommender systems(RSs),social networks,and wireless sensor networks.Since they contain rich information,how to accurat...High-dimensional and sparse(HiDS)matrices commonly arise in various industrial applications,e.g.,recommender systems(RSs),social networks,and wireless sensor networks.Since they contain rich information,how to accurately represent them is of great significance.A latent factor(LF)model is one of the most popular and successful ways to address this issue.Current LF models mostly adopt L2-norm-oriented Loss to represent an HiDS matrix,i.e.,they sum the errors between observed data and predicted ones with L2-norm.Yet L2-norm is sensitive to outlier data.Unfortunately,outlier data usually exist in such matrices.For example,an HiDS matrix from RSs commonly contains many outlier ratings due to some heedless/malicious users.To address this issue,this work proposes a smooth L1-norm-oriented latent factor(SL-LF)model.Its main idea is to adopt smooth L1-norm rather than L2-norm to form its Loss,making it have both strong robustness and high accuracy in predicting the missing data of an HiDS matrix.Experimental results on eight HiDS matrices generated by industrial applications verify that the proposed SL-LF model not only is robust to the outlier data but also has significantly higher prediction accuracy than state-of-the-art models when they are used to predict the missing data of HiDS matrices.展开更多
The majority of errors in healthcare are from systems factors that create the latent conditions for error to occur. The majority of occupational stressors causing burnout are also the result of systemic factors. Advan...The majority of errors in healthcare are from systems factors that create the latent conditions for error to occur. The majority of occupational stressors causing burnout are also the result of systemic factors. Advances in technology create new levels of stress and expectations on healthcare workers (HCW) with an endless infusion of requirements from multiple authoritative sources that are tracked and monitored. The quality of care and safety of patients is affected by the wellbeing of HCWs who now practice in an environment that has become more complex to navigate, often expending limited neural resource (brainpower) on classifying, organizing, constantly making decisions on how and when they can accomplish what is required(extraneous cognitive load) in addition to direct patient care. New information demonstrates profound biological impact on the brains of those who have burnout in areas that affect the quality and safety of the decisions they make-which affects risk to patients in healthcare. Healthcare administration curriculum currently does not include ways to address these stress-induced problems in healthcare delivery. The science of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) promotes system performance and worker wellbeing. Patient safety is one component of system performance. Since many requirements come without resource to accomplish them, it becomes incumbent upon health system leadership to organize the means for completion of these to minimize the needless loss of brain power diverted away from the delivery of patient care. Human Factor-Based Leadership (HFBL) is an interactive, problem solving seminar series designed for healthcare leaders. The purpose is to provide relevant human factor science to integrate into their leadership and management decisions to make HCWs occupational environment more manageable and sustainable-which makes safer conditions for clinician wellbeing and patient care. After learning the content, a cohort of healthcare leaders believed that adequately addressing HFE in healthcare delivery would significantly reduce clinician burnout and risk of latent errors from upstream leadership decisions. An overview of the content of the seminars is described. Leadership feedback on usability of these seminars is reported. Three HFBL seminars described are Human Factor Relevance in Leadership, Biopsychosocial Approach to Wellness and Burnout, Human Factor Based Leadership: Examples and Applications.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) in the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) latent membrane protein 1(LMP1) in EBV transformed cells. METHODS: LMP1 expression was examined in EBV transforme...AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) in the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) latent membrane protein 1(LMP1) in EBV transformed cells. METHODS: LMP1 expression was examined in EBV transformed human B lymphocytes with modulation of NF-κB activity. RESULTS: EBV infection is associated with several human cancers. EBV LMP1 is required for efficient transformation of adult primary B cells in vitro, and is expressed in several pathogenic stages of EBVassociated cancers. Regulation of EBV LMP1 involves both viral and cellular factors. LMP1 activates NF-κB signaling pathway that is a part of the EBV transformation program. However, the relation between NF-κB and LMP1 expression is not well established yet. In this report, we found that blocking the NF-κB activity by Inhibitor of κB stimulated LMP1 expression, while the overexpression of NF-κB repressed LMP1 expression in EBV-transformed IB4 cells. In addition, LMP1 repressed its own promoter activities in reporter assays, and the repression was associated with the activation of NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB alone is sufficient to repress LMP1 promoter activities. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest LMP1 may repress its own expression through NF-κB in EBV transformed cells and shed a light on LMP1 regulation during EBV transformation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing solid organ transplantation,particularly those who live or have lived in tuberculosis(TB)endemic areas,are at a high risk of developing TB.The majority of post-transplantation TB cases a...BACKGROUND Patients undergoing solid organ transplantation,particularly those who live or have lived in tuberculosis(TB)endemic areas,are at a high risk of developing TB.The majority of post-transplantation TB cases are associated with reactivation of latent TB infection(LTBI).Brazil is in a single position with overlapping areas of high TB endemicity and high transplant activity.In liver transplant(LT),one should be aware of the potential hepatotoxicity associated with the treatment regimens for LTBI.AIM To evaluate the frequency of LTBI in LT patients and treatment-related issues.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of a cohort of cirrhotic patients aged≥18 years,who underwent LT at a high-complexity teaching hospital from January 2005 to December 2012.RESULTS Overall,429 patients underwent LT during the study period.Of these,213(49.7%)underwent the tuberculin skin test(TST)during the pre-transplant period,and 35(16.4%)of them had a positive result.The treatment for LTBI was initiated after LT in 12(34.3%)of the TST-positive patients;in 3(25.0%),treatment was maintained for at least 6 mo.CONCLUSION The prevalence of LTBI was lower than expected.Initiation and completion of LTBI treatment was limited by difficulties in the management of these special patients.展开更多
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in developing countries including Sudan. Screening for TB cases through Household contacts (HHCs) investigation is an appropriate strategy to interrupt transmission...Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in developing countries including Sudan. Screening for TB cases through Household contacts (HHCs) investigation is an appropriate strategy to interrupt transmission of TB. Objectives: To determine the prevalence tuberculosis infection and risk factors for tuberculosis infection among household contacts in Wadimadani locality, Central State, Sudan, between November 2015 and April 2016. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted. During study period, to confirm TB diagnosis, all suspect contacts were tested through sputum samples, tuberculin skin test or chest X-ray. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and environmental factors. Results: One hundred forty six patients of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study, 657 household contacts were identified and screened. Forty three new TB cases were detected from household contacts, yielding a prevalence of 6.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.05, 0.09) of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Two factors were significantly associated with LTBI among HHCs: duration of contact with a TB patient ≤ 4 months (P = 0.03) and the educational status (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Screening of HHCs of index case of TB will contribute in early detection and treatment of new cases, and considered as a forward step towards eliminating TB.展开更多
Network autoregression and factor model are effective methods for modeling network time series data.In this study,we propose a network autoregression model with a factor structure that incorporates a latent group stru...Network autoregression and factor model are effective methods for modeling network time series data.In this study,we propose a network autoregression model with a factor structure that incorporates a latent group structure to address nodal heterogeneity within the network.An iterative algorithm is employed to minimize a least-squares objective function,allowing for simultaneous estimation of both the parameters and the group structure.To determine the unknown number of groups and factors,a PIC criterion is introduced.Additionally,statistical inference of the estimated parameters is presented.To assess the validity of the proposed estimation and inference procedures,we conduct extensive numerical studies.We also demonstrate the utility of our model using a stock dataset obtained from the Chinese A-Share stock market.展开更多
Due to the development of E-Commerce, collaboration filtering (CF) recommendation algorithm becomes popular in recent years. It has some limitations such as cold start, data sparseness and low operation efficiency. In...Due to the development of E-Commerce, collaboration filtering (CF) recommendation algorithm becomes popular in recent years. It has some limitations such as cold start, data sparseness and low operation efficiency. In this paper, a CF recommendation algorithm is propose based on the latent factor model and improved spectral clustering (CFRALFMISC) to improve the forecasting precision. The latent factor model was firstly adopted to predict the missing score. Then, the cluster validity index was used to determine the number of clusters. Finally, the spectral clustering was improved by using the FCM algorithm to replace the K-means in the spectral clustering. The simulation results show that CFRALFMISC can effectively improve the recommendation precision compared with other algorithms.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (6177249391646114)+1 种基金Chongqing research program of technology innovation and application (cstc2017rgzn-zdyfX0020)in part by the Pioneer Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Latent factor(LF) models are highly effective in extracting useful knowledge from High-Dimensional and Sparse(HiDS) matrices which are commonly seen in various industrial applications. An LF model usually adopts iterative optimizers,which may consume many iterations to achieve a local optima,resulting in considerable time cost. Hence, determining how to accelerate the training process for LF models has become a significant issue. To address this, this work proposes a randomized latent factor(RLF) model. It incorporates the principle of randomized learning techniques from neural networks into the LF analysis of HiDS matrices, thereby greatly alleviating computational burden. It also extends a standard learning process for randomized neural networks in context of LF analysis to make the resulting model represent an HiDS matrix correctly.Experimental results on three HiDS matrices from industrial applications demonstrate that compared with state-of-the-art LF models, RLF is able to achieve significantly higher computational efficiency and comparable prediction accuracy for missing data.I provides an important alternative approach to LF analysis of HiDS matrices, which is especially desired for industrial applications demanding highly efficient models.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61702475,61772493,61902370,62002337)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0578,cstc2019jcyjjqX0013)+1 种基金in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program,in part by the Pioneer Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciencesby Technology Innovation and Application Development Project of Chongqing,China(cstc2019jscx-fxydX0027)。
文摘High-dimensional and sparse(HiDS)matrices commonly arise in various industrial applications,e.g.,recommender systems(RSs),social networks,and wireless sensor networks.Since they contain rich information,how to accurately represent them is of great significance.A latent factor(LF)model is one of the most popular and successful ways to address this issue.Current LF models mostly adopt L2-norm-oriented Loss to represent an HiDS matrix,i.e.,they sum the errors between observed data and predicted ones with L2-norm.Yet L2-norm is sensitive to outlier data.Unfortunately,outlier data usually exist in such matrices.For example,an HiDS matrix from RSs commonly contains many outlier ratings due to some heedless/malicious users.To address this issue,this work proposes a smooth L1-norm-oriented latent factor(SL-LF)model.Its main idea is to adopt smooth L1-norm rather than L2-norm to form its Loss,making it have both strong robustness and high accuracy in predicting the missing data of an HiDS matrix.Experimental results on eight HiDS matrices generated by industrial applications verify that the proposed SL-LF model not only is robust to the outlier data but also has significantly higher prediction accuracy than state-of-the-art models when they are used to predict the missing data of HiDS matrices.
文摘The majority of errors in healthcare are from systems factors that create the latent conditions for error to occur. The majority of occupational stressors causing burnout are also the result of systemic factors. Advances in technology create new levels of stress and expectations on healthcare workers (HCW) with an endless infusion of requirements from multiple authoritative sources that are tracked and monitored. The quality of care and safety of patients is affected by the wellbeing of HCWs who now practice in an environment that has become more complex to navigate, often expending limited neural resource (brainpower) on classifying, organizing, constantly making decisions on how and when they can accomplish what is required(extraneous cognitive load) in addition to direct patient care. New information demonstrates profound biological impact on the brains of those who have burnout in areas that affect the quality and safety of the decisions they make-which affects risk to patients in healthcare. Healthcare administration curriculum currently does not include ways to address these stress-induced problems in healthcare delivery. The science of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) promotes system performance and worker wellbeing. Patient safety is one component of system performance. Since many requirements come without resource to accomplish them, it becomes incumbent upon health system leadership to organize the means for completion of these to minimize the needless loss of brain power diverted away from the delivery of patient care. Human Factor-Based Leadership (HFBL) is an interactive, problem solving seminar series designed for healthcare leaders. The purpose is to provide relevant human factor science to integrate into their leadership and management decisions to make HCWs occupational environment more manageable and sustainable-which makes safer conditions for clinician wellbeing and patient care. After learning the content, a cohort of healthcare leaders believed that adequately addressing HFE in healthcare delivery would significantly reduce clinician burnout and risk of latent errors from upstream leadership decisions. An overview of the content of the seminars is described. Leadership feedback on usability of these seminars is reported. Three HFBL seminars described are Human Factor Relevance in Leadership, Biopsychosocial Approach to Wellness and Burnout, Human Factor Based Leadership: Examples and Applications.
基金Supported by Grants from the NIH CA138213,RR15635Department of Defense W81XWH-12-1-0225(Luwen Zhang)Qianli Wang was partially supported by Undergraduate Creative Activities and Research Experiences and Beckman Scholars Program
文摘AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) in the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) latent membrane protein 1(LMP1) in EBV transformed cells. METHODS: LMP1 expression was examined in EBV transformed human B lymphocytes with modulation of NF-κB activity. RESULTS: EBV infection is associated with several human cancers. EBV LMP1 is required for efficient transformation of adult primary B cells in vitro, and is expressed in several pathogenic stages of EBVassociated cancers. Regulation of EBV LMP1 involves both viral and cellular factors. LMP1 activates NF-κB signaling pathway that is a part of the EBV transformation program. However, the relation between NF-κB and LMP1 expression is not well established yet. In this report, we found that blocking the NF-κB activity by Inhibitor of κB stimulated LMP1 expression, while the overexpression of NF-κB repressed LMP1 expression in EBV-transformed IB4 cells. In addition, LMP1 repressed its own promoter activities in reporter assays, and the repression was associated with the activation of NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB alone is sufficient to repress LMP1 promoter activities. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest LMP1 may repress its own expression through NF-κB in EBV transformed cells and shed a light on LMP1 regulation during EBV transformation.
基金The study was approved by the Federal University of Minas Gerais Research Ethics Committee(approval number:0614.0.203.000-11).
文摘BACKGROUND Patients undergoing solid organ transplantation,particularly those who live or have lived in tuberculosis(TB)endemic areas,are at a high risk of developing TB.The majority of post-transplantation TB cases are associated with reactivation of latent TB infection(LTBI).Brazil is in a single position with overlapping areas of high TB endemicity and high transplant activity.In liver transplant(LT),one should be aware of the potential hepatotoxicity associated with the treatment regimens for LTBI.AIM To evaluate the frequency of LTBI in LT patients and treatment-related issues.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of a cohort of cirrhotic patients aged≥18 years,who underwent LT at a high-complexity teaching hospital from January 2005 to December 2012.RESULTS Overall,429 patients underwent LT during the study period.Of these,213(49.7%)underwent the tuberculin skin test(TST)during the pre-transplant period,and 35(16.4%)of them had a positive result.The treatment for LTBI was initiated after LT in 12(34.3%)of the TST-positive patients;in 3(25.0%),treatment was maintained for at least 6 mo.CONCLUSION The prevalence of LTBI was lower than expected.Initiation and completion of LTBI treatment was limited by difficulties in the management of these special patients.
文摘Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in developing countries including Sudan. Screening for TB cases through Household contacts (HHCs) investigation is an appropriate strategy to interrupt transmission of TB. Objectives: To determine the prevalence tuberculosis infection and risk factors for tuberculosis infection among household contacts in Wadimadani locality, Central State, Sudan, between November 2015 and April 2016. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted. During study period, to confirm TB diagnosis, all suspect contacts were tested through sputum samples, tuberculin skin test or chest X-ray. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and environmental factors. Results: One hundred forty six patients of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study, 657 household contacts were identified and screened. Forty three new TB cases were detected from household contacts, yielding a prevalence of 6.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.05, 0.09) of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Two factors were significantly associated with LTBI among HHCs: duration of contact with a TB patient ≤ 4 months (P = 0.03) and the educational status (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Screening of HHCs of index case of TB will contribute in early detection and treatment of new cases, and considered as a forward step towards eliminating TB.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(72222009,71991472)。
文摘Network autoregression and factor model are effective methods for modeling network time series data.In this study,we propose a network autoregression model with a factor structure that incorporates a latent group structure to address nodal heterogeneity within the network.An iterative algorithm is employed to minimize a least-squares objective function,allowing for simultaneous estimation of both the parameters and the group structure.To determine the unknown number of groups and factors,a PIC criterion is introduced.Additionally,statistical inference of the estimated parameters is presented.To assess the validity of the proposed estimation and inference procedures,we conduct extensive numerical studies.We also demonstrate the utility of our model using a stock dataset obtained from the Chinese A-Share stock market.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61762031)Guangxi Key Research and Development Plan (Gui Science AB17195029, Gui Science AB18126006)+3 种基金Guangxi key Laboratory Fund of Embedded Technology and Intelligent System, 2017 Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (No. YCSW2017156)2018 Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (No. YCSW2018157)Subsidies for the Project of Promoting the Ability of Young and Middleaged Scientific Research in Universities and Colleges of Guangxi (KY2016YB184)2016 Guilin Science and Technology Project (Gui Science 2016010202).
文摘Due to the development of E-Commerce, collaboration filtering (CF) recommendation algorithm becomes popular in recent years. It has some limitations such as cold start, data sparseness and low operation efficiency. In this paper, a CF recommendation algorithm is propose based on the latent factor model and improved spectral clustering (CFRALFMISC) to improve the forecasting precision. The latent factor model was firstly adopted to predict the missing score. Then, the cluster validity index was used to determine the number of clusters. Finally, the spectral clustering was improved by using the FCM algorithm to replace the K-means in the spectral clustering. The simulation results show that CFRALFMISC can effectively improve the recommendation precision compared with other algorithms.