Objective: This study aimed to determine prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among medical students and tuberculosis exposure at the health facilities. Methods: A cross-section of study year 1(n=68) and year 5...Objective: This study aimed to determine prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among medical students and tuberculosis exposure at the health facilities. Methods: A cross-section of study year 1(n=68) and year 5(n=75) medical students in a local university were recruited for latent tuberculosis infection testing using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus and a questionnaire analyzed for multivariate risk. Results: The majority of the study were vaccinated with BCG. None of year 1 medical students were positive for latent tuberculosis infection, however, six(8.0%) year 5 students were tested positive for latent tuberculosis infection. A higher incidence of year 5 medical students claimed to be exposed to tuberculosis at health facility(65.3% vs. 4.4%) and a higher percentage reported contact with tuberculosis case over the preceding year compared to year 1 students(30.7% vs. 8.8%). Conclusion: We observed a higher incidence of latent tuberculosis infection and higher exposure to tuberculosis in health facilities among year 5 medical students. Baseline screening and monitoring for progression to tuberculosis infection may benefit tuberculosis management programs.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is based on secular ways: chest radiography and tuberculin skin test (TST). In front of a recent enthusiasm for LTBI, this paper reports a historical perspective of this concept. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bibliometric analysis and literature review from medi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cal databases, using the terms “latent tuberculosis infection (“LTBI”), “prim</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ary tuberculosis”, “tuberculin skin test”, “tuberculosis”, and from reference books on tuberculosis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the PubMED/MEDLINE search for LTBI, a total of 7787 articles were found between 1901 and 2020, 95% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">from 2000 to 2020. In the first part of the 20</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">LTBI term was used for sub-clinical tu</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">berculosis disease, the latency being also called “</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary tuberculosis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">” or <i>“</i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ab</span></i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ortive tuberculosis infection</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></i>. <span style="font-family:Verdana;">From 1960, randomized prospective therapeutic studies mentioned </span></span><span><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. By the end of the 20</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the epidemic of AIDS impeded tuberculosis decrease, making LTBI </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">search more efficient. In 2000, the <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">American Thoracic Society</span></i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Center</span></i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for Disease Controls and Prevention</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><i><span> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">proposed the systematic used of LTBI, rel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ayed through public health policies. A significant higher scientific produc</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion about LT</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">BI was noted, supported by IGRA tests comm</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ercialization. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the recent years, health public policies, combined with epidemiologic and economic factors, strengthened the use of LTBI terminology.</span></span>展开更多
文摘Objective: This study aimed to determine prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among medical students and tuberculosis exposure at the health facilities. Methods: A cross-section of study year 1(n=68) and year 5(n=75) medical students in a local university were recruited for latent tuberculosis infection testing using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus and a questionnaire analyzed for multivariate risk. Results: The majority of the study were vaccinated with BCG. None of year 1 medical students were positive for latent tuberculosis infection, however, six(8.0%) year 5 students were tested positive for latent tuberculosis infection. A higher incidence of year 5 medical students claimed to be exposed to tuberculosis at health facility(65.3% vs. 4.4%) and a higher percentage reported contact with tuberculosis case over the preceding year compared to year 1 students(30.7% vs. 8.8%). Conclusion: We observed a higher incidence of latent tuberculosis infection and higher exposure to tuberculosis in health facilities among year 5 medical students. Baseline screening and monitoring for progression to tuberculosis infection may benefit tuberculosis management programs.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is based on secular ways: chest radiography and tuberculin skin test (TST). In front of a recent enthusiasm for LTBI, this paper reports a historical perspective of this concept. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bibliometric analysis and literature review from medi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cal databases, using the terms “latent tuberculosis infection (“LTBI”), “prim</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ary tuberculosis”, “tuberculin skin test”, “tuberculosis”, and from reference books on tuberculosis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the PubMED/MEDLINE search for LTBI, a total of 7787 articles were found between 1901 and 2020, 95% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">from 2000 to 2020. In the first part of the 20</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">LTBI term was used for sub-clinical tu</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">berculosis disease, the latency being also called “</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary tuberculosis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">” or <i>“</i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ab</span></i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ortive tuberculosis infection</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></i>. <span style="font-family:Verdana;">From 1960, randomized prospective therapeutic studies mentioned </span></span><span><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. By the end of the 20</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the epidemic of AIDS impeded tuberculosis decrease, making LTBI </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">search more efficient. In 2000, the <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">American Thoracic Society</span></i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Center</span></i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for Disease Controls and Prevention</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><i><span> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">proposed the systematic used of LTBI, rel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ayed through public health policies. A significant higher scientific produc</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion about LT</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">BI was noted, supported by IGRA tests comm</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ercialization. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the recent years, health public policies, combined with epidemiologic and economic factors, strengthened the use of LTBI terminology.</span></span>