Long March Launch Vehicles Promote Quick and Sound Development of Satellite Applications

INTRODUCTION Launch vehicles are a precondition and main carrier for space activities for human beings.Their development have directly promoted the technology of satellite applications,manned spaceflight,deep space exploration,and promoted the development of communication,navigation,environmental monitoring,resource exploitation,scientific research and so on.

Technology and Market Prospect Analysis of Low Cost Small-lift Launch Vehicles for Small Satellites

The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and rapid response capability, utilization of mature rocket and missile technology, the development of mobile launch technology adopting air-based platforms and use of innovative technology. Moreover, the external power and internal demand of the small-lift launch vehicle are analyzed and the market prospect is forecasted. Finally, proposals for the development of small-lift launch vehicles are put forward, including exploration of the potential of existing rocket and missile technology, development of multi-platform mobile launch technology and further application of innovative technology and ideas.

Robust Attitude Control for Reusable Launch Vehicles Based on Fractional Calculus and Pigeon-inspired Optimization

In this paper, a robust attitude control system based on fractional order sliding mode control and dynamic inversion approach is presented for the reusable launch vehicle RLV during the reentry phase. By introducing the fractional order sliding surface to replace the integer order one, we design robust outer loop controller to compensate the error introduced by inner loop controller designed by dynamic inversion approach. To take the uncertainties of aerodynamic parameters into account, stochastic robustness design approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation and Pigeon-inspired optimization is established to increase the robustness of the controller. Some simulation results are given out which indicate the reliability and effectiveness of the attitude control system. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of Satellite Launch Vehicle Using Latin Hypercube Design of Experiments

The design of new Satellite Launch Vehicle （SLV） is of interest, especially when a combination of Solid and Liquid Propulsion is included. Proposed is a conceptual design and optimization technique for multistage Low Earth Orbit （LEO） bound SLV comprising of solid and liquid stages with the use of Genetic Algorithm （GA） as global optimizer. Convergence of GA is improved by introducing initial population based on the Design of Experiments （DOE） Technique. Latin Hypercube Sampling （LHS）-DOE is used for its good space filling properties. LHS is a stratified random procedure that provides an efficient way of sampling variables from their multivariate distributions. In SLV design minimum Gross Lift offWeight （GLOW） concept is traditionally being sought. Since the development costs tend to vary as a function of GLOW, this minimum GLOW is considered as a minimum development cost concept. The design approach is meaningful to initial design sizing purpose for its computational efficiency gives a quick insight into the vehicle performance prior to detailed design.

China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology

OVERVIEW China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) was founded on November 16, 1957. It was the first research unit devoted to the development of launch

LM-2F: A Great Launch Vehicle for China's Manned Spaceflight

The LM-2F launch vehicle is China's first launch carrier developed for China's Manned Space Program,which is one of the most important parts of the Program.It is developed from the LM-2E launch vehicle,with addition of two new systems,an escape system and a fault detection system.

Innovation and Outlook of the New Generation of Cryogenic and Quick-Launch Launch Vehicle

This paper introduces a launch vehicle scheme for the new generation of cryogenic and quick-launch launch vehicle(LM-6). The main technical innovations of LM-6 launch vehicle include the capability of twenty satellites launched by one vehicle, high-pressure staged combustion cycle engine and oxygen tank self-pressurization, sandwich bulkhead tank with 200 K temperature difference, and 7-day quick-launch using the "three horizontals" test and launch mode with integral transportation and erection. The future development of the quick-launch launch vehicle is predicted based upon the need for vehicle mission coverage improvement, better response speed, and stronger market competiveness.

Low Cost and Reusability of Launch Vehicle

This paper analyzes the launch price of the launch vehicles, domestic and abroad, studies the status and trend of the low cost launch vehicles, and introduces two measures to reduce the cost by means of evolved and disruptive technologies, utilizing the concept of low cost manufacturing and operating modes as well. This paper also analyzes the launch strategies for small satellites such as piggyback, networking launch, and single launch with a small launch vehicle(SLV). Finally, the development trend of reusable launch vehicles is discussed as well as the development prospects for China's reusable launch vehicle.

Review and Prospect of LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle As Space Express for BDS

The LM-3A series launch vehicle was used for all launch missions for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)project,including BDS-1,BDS-2,and BDS-3.So it is known as Space Express for BDS.During the 26 years’development period for the BDS project,a series of key technological breakthroughs with the LM-3 A series of launch vehicles were made,improving the launch capability of different payloads into GTO,IGTO and MTO,from sending one satellites into transfer orbit to sending two satellites into transfer orbit,to sending two satellites into target orbit directly.A total of 59 satellites in 44 launches were launched using the LM-3 A series launch vehicle for the BDS project,achieving 100%success.

爆炸螺栓附加弯矩形成机理与结构优化设计

对爆炸螺栓受附加弯矩的机理进行了研究,推导得到爆炸螺栓附加弯矩公式。针对爆炸螺栓连接刚度开展匹配设计的理论分析,得到爆炸螺栓附加弯矩的最优解。依据理论研究得到爆炸螺栓附加弯矩的关系式,对原始设计进行了优化,通过有限元模型分析得到刚度匹配优化设计后的爆炸螺栓附加弯矩大幅降低。将原始设计和刚度匹配设计后的结构方案进行承载能力对比试验,通过应变片法和超声法测量获得了两种结构方案下爆炸螺栓所受的轴力与附加弯矩,两种测量方法所得结果一致。试验与有限元分析结果误差基本在7%以内,相互印证了方法的有效性,为爆炸螺栓连接结构刚度匹配优化设计提供了工程设计依据。

Hyper Heuristic Approach for Design and Optimization of Satellite Launch Vehicle

Satellite launch vehicle lies at the cross-road of multiple challenging technologies and its design and optimization present a typical example of multidisciplinary design and optimization（MDO） process.The complexity of problem demands highly effi-cient and effective algorithm that can optimize the design.Hyper heuristic approach（HHA） based on meta-heuristics is applied to the optimization of air launched satellite launch vehicle（ASLV）.A non-learning random function（NLRF） is proposed to con-trol low-level meta-heuristics（LLMHs） that increases certainty of global solution,an essential ingredient required in product conceptual design phase of aerospace systems.Comprehensive empirical study is performed to evaluate the performance advan-tages of proposed approach over popular non-gradient based optimization methods.Design of ASLV encompasses aerodynamics,propulsion,structure,stages layout,mass distribution,and trajectory modules connected by multidisciplinary feasible design approach.This approach formulates explicit system-level goals and then forwards the design optimization process entirely over to optimizer.This distinctive approach for launch vehicle system design relieves engineers from tedious,iterative task and en-ables them to improve their component level models.Mass is an impetus on vehicle performance and cost,and so it is considered as the core of vehicle design process.Therefore,gross launch mass is to be minimized in HHA.

基于亚太6D通信卫星的天基测控技术研究

如今商业航天快速发展,传统测控资源难以满足商业火箭高密度快速发射的测控需求,尤其是针对航区海基测控资源紧缺,基于天链卫星的天基测控资源不适应未来商业航天发射模式。通过调研中国民商用通信卫星测控资源,研究了基于亚太6D通信卫星的Ku频段天基测控技术,结合通信卫星性能指标完成链路计算,提出天基测控系统箭载测控设备与地面测控设备实现方案,完成天基测控系统架构及信息流设计,为商业航天火箭发射提供新的测控实施方案,有效缓解测控资源紧张难题,测控弧段可覆盖运载火箭典型SSO轨道测控需求。

重复使用运载器发展趋势及特点

自从上个世纪五六十年代人们提出重复使用运载器的概念 ,到现在的四五十年里 ,重复使用运载器的发展取得了很大的成就 ,同时也历经了不少挫折与失败。由于重复使用运载器具有极高的军事和民用价值 ,因此越来越受到世界各国的高度重视 ,当前又掀起了一股新的重复使用运载器研究热潮。本文综合分析了世界各国重复使用运载器的发展趋势、特点及从中得到的一些经验教训 ,值得我国发展重复使用运载器时借鉴和参考。

整星隔振器的隔振性能分析

根据某配重卫星对隔振性能要求,设计出了一种安装在适配器和星箭界面之间的整星隔振器。建立合理的整星隔振系统有限元模型,在星箭界面上分别施加特定的横向和轴向载荷谱,进行随机振动分析,以验证其隔振性能。对比施加隔振器前后的计算结果,说明所研制的整星隔振系统能够有效地隔离高频段卫星的横向和轴向振动,降低运载火箭发射时传递给卫星的环境载荷,提高卫星发射的可靠性。

一种整星隔振器的研制

在不改变卫星和运载火箭结构前提下,针对某型号的配重卫星模型的隔振要求和约束条件,研制出一种新型的整星隔振器,安装在适配器和星箭界面之间,阐述隔振器的设计路线,建立合理的有限元模型,进行隔振器的结构参数灵敏度分析和频率响应计算,最后对整星隔振系统的进行动态性能测试。有限元计算结果和试验数据表明,所研制的整星隔振器能够有效地隔离卫星在宽频带上横向和纵向振动,降低发射时运载火箭传递给卫星的环境载荷。

卫星星座组网过程的策略规划

卫星星座组网过程包括两方面研究内容:星座部署顺序和运载器选择。阐述了星座部署优化设计的思路,优化目的是使每次发射后星座性能得到最大限度的提升,比较了分别采用启发式进化优化算法和穷举法进行星座部署的区别,指出了对于常见的星座构型,用穷举法进行部署优化的效率较高。讨论了运载器优选的目标函数和约束条件,建立了优选的数学模型。运载器优选本质上是整数规划问题,本文介绍了求解整数规划问题的分支定界法。提出了我国部署中高度圆轨全球导航星座的算例,给出了该星座部署顺序设计和运载器优选的计算结果,结果表明本文提出的方法适用于卫星星座组网过程的策略规划。

包带式星箭连接结构轴向刚度研究

包带锁紧装置广泛用于卫星和运载火箭之间的连接。在发射过程中,它起到连接星箭和传递载荷的作用,合理地确定包带连接结构的强度和刚度对卫星的成功发射至关重要。给出包带连接结构轴向刚度与包带结构参数、预紧力以及轴向拉力之间的关系,提高包带连接结构刚度预测的精确性。首先对包带连接结构各组件的受力情况进行分析;根据各组件受力特点,应用弹性力学理论推导了一定轴向拉力范围内包带连接结构的变形及刚度的解析表达式;最后,针对某型包带锁紧装置与有限元仿真结果进行对比,验证了分析方法和解析表达式的正确性。

包带式星箭紧锁预紧力分析

根据星箭连接处受力情况及紧锁装置的特点，分析了星箭连接处发生松动的可能性，导出了星箭紧锁所需包带预紧力计算公式，提出了解决包带应力分布不均匀的方法。通过与两种型号的实验结果对比，证明了本文分析方法的正确性和计算公式的可信性。本文所得结论为包带式星箭紧锁结构设计提供了依据。

DAS-1星箭包带应力监视系统

卫星与火箭的锁紧与分离装置,是确保卫星发射成功的重要部件之一.为了提高星箭分离的可靠性,目前主要采用包带方式连接星箭对接框和包带分离技术,以提高星箭分离的可靠性.对包带的预紧力有严格要求.本文介绍了为实时监视包带预紧力而研制的系统的配置、软件和硬件设计特点以及在发射澳星过程中的应用.

星/箭耦合动态响应分析新方法研究

介绍了采用约束边界模态展开表达式进行星/箭耦合响应分析的方法,导出缩聚在星/箭连接界面处的全箭动力学方程。应用这种方法通过解析推导可以将整个星/箭耦合结构多自由度方程减缩为仅含星/箭连接界面处自由度的方程,形成星/箭耦合响应分析新方法,内部自由度的影响化为固定界面模态有效质量的贡献,它们的贡献累加于界面自由度之上,使动力学问题自由度数大大减缩。这种方法直接由界面动力学方程求得界面力、界面加速度,返回子结构后求得子结构响应,可以用来与采用模态叠加法求得的响应结果互为验证。同时,固定边界模态有效质量是该模态重要性的度量,大的有效质量将导致对界面大的反作用力,小的有效质量将导致对界面小的反作用力,这就发展了排列固定边界模态动力学重要性的方法,并帮助确定在界面动力学方程中哪些固定边界模态要保留、哪些固定边界模态可以忽略,把问题进一步简化。