We applied <em>n</em>-variable conserving nonlinear differential equations (<em>n</em>-CNDEs) to the population data of the 10-year cycles of Canadian lynx (1821-2016) and the snowshoe hare (18...We applied <em>n</em>-variable conserving nonlinear differential equations (<em>n</em>-CNDEs) to the population data of the 10-year cycles of Canadian lynx (1821-2016) and the snowshoe hare (1845-1921). Modeling external effects as perturbations to population dynamics, recovering and restorations from disintegrations (or extinctions), stability and survival strategies are discussed in terms of the conservation law inherent to dynamical interactions among species. The 2-variable conserving nonlinear interaction (2CNIs) is extended to 3, 4, ... <em>n</em>-variable conserving nonlinear interactions (<em>n</em>-CNIs) of species by adjusting minimum unknown parameters. The population cycle of species is a manifestation of conservation laws existing in complicated ecosystems, which is suggested from the CNDE analysis as <em>a standard rhythm</em> of interactions. The ecosystem is a consequence of the long history of nonlinear interactions and evolutions among life-beings and the natural environment, and the population dynamics of an ecosystem are observed as approximate CNIs. Physical analyses of the conserving quantity in nonlinear interactions would help us understand why and how they have developed. The standard rhythm found in nonlinear interactions should be considered as a manifestation of the survival strategy and the survival of the fittest to the balance of biological systems. The CNDEs and nonlinear differential equations with time-dependent coefficients would help find useful physical information on the survival of the fittest and symbiosis in an ecosystem.展开更多
The United Kingdom’s Custody of Infants Act of 1839 is generally regarded as a signature instrument for women to gain guardianship of a child, and widely considered a product of the equal rights movement launched by ...The United Kingdom’s Custody of Infants Act of 1839 is generally regarded as a signature instrument for women to gain guardianship of a child, and widely considered a product of the equal rights movement launched by women in England. It has played an important role in promoting women’s equal rights and breaking patriarchal absolutism. However, there was much compromise in the legal basis for the legislation and the legal provisions, resulting in debates on the legislation that have greatly diluted the revolutionary significance of the Act. Starting with the Marxist argument on bourgeois family legislation, this paper analyzes the legislative and judicial practice of guardianship of minors before and after the promulgation of the Act in the United Kingdom. In view of its impact on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, this paper attempts to re-evaluate the historical status of this act.展开更多
Over the past forty years since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978,China has passed through three developmental stages:recovery,stability and flourishing growth.This development has revolved around the axis o...Over the past forty years since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978,China has passed through three developmental stages:recovery,stability and flourishing growth.This development has revolved around the axis of“politics-rule by law-rule of law-rule of law system-rule of law path-rule of law China.”By virtue of discussion of the core themes of jurisprudence and basic categories,jurisprudence has mounted ever higher.On the basis of summing up existing experience,the development and progress of Chinese jurisprudence in the new era should firmly uphold a disciplinary orientation,an indigenous orientation,a mass orientation and an orientation toward practice and modernization.We must seek new logical starting points,constantly pioneer and innovate,and contribute new wisdom and programs to the comprehensive governance of the country according to law.展开更多
This article reviews the historical development of Chinese civil law since reform and opening up of China and argues that the primary achievement of civil law legislation over the last four decades has been the format...This article reviews the historical development of Chinese civil law since reform and opening up of China and argues that the primary achievement of civil law legislation over the last four decades has been the formation of a comprehensive civil legal system.Today's civil law system in China not only satisfies the institutional requirements for building a market economy but also constructs a legal rights system and establishes fundamental civil law principles,such as individual autonomy,equal protection,good faith,and fairness.In the 40 years since reform and opening up,there have been significant innovations with regard to the specific systems,systemic structures,and fiindamental principles of Chinese civil law.This article summarizes the experiences of China's civil law legislation since reform and opening up and looks ahead to how the anticipated "civil law codification" suitable for the modem era will develop a modem legal code based on China's domestic circumstances.展开更多
文摘We applied <em>n</em>-variable conserving nonlinear differential equations (<em>n</em>-CNDEs) to the population data of the 10-year cycles of Canadian lynx (1821-2016) and the snowshoe hare (1845-1921). Modeling external effects as perturbations to population dynamics, recovering and restorations from disintegrations (or extinctions), stability and survival strategies are discussed in terms of the conservation law inherent to dynamical interactions among species. The 2-variable conserving nonlinear interaction (2CNIs) is extended to 3, 4, ... <em>n</em>-variable conserving nonlinear interactions (<em>n</em>-CNIs) of species by adjusting minimum unknown parameters. The population cycle of species is a manifestation of conservation laws existing in complicated ecosystems, which is suggested from the CNDE analysis as <em>a standard rhythm</em> of interactions. The ecosystem is a consequence of the long history of nonlinear interactions and evolutions among life-beings and the natural environment, and the population dynamics of an ecosystem are observed as approximate CNIs. Physical analyses of the conserving quantity in nonlinear interactions would help us understand why and how they have developed. The standard rhythm found in nonlinear interactions should be considered as a manifestation of the survival strategy and the survival of the fittest to the balance of biological systems. The CNDEs and nonlinear differential equations with time-dependent coefficients would help find useful physical information on the survival of the fittest and symbiosis in an ecosystem.
文摘The United Kingdom’s Custody of Infants Act of 1839 is generally regarded as a signature instrument for women to gain guardianship of a child, and widely considered a product of the equal rights movement launched by women in England. It has played an important role in promoting women’s equal rights and breaking patriarchal absolutism. However, there was much compromise in the legal basis for the legislation and the legal provisions, resulting in debates on the legislation that have greatly diluted the revolutionary significance of the Act. Starting with the Marxist argument on bourgeois family legislation, this paper analyzes the legislative and judicial practice of guardianship of minors before and after the promulgation of the Act in the United Kingdom. In view of its impact on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, this paper attempts to re-evaluate the historical status of this act.
文摘Over the past forty years since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978,China has passed through three developmental stages:recovery,stability and flourishing growth.This development has revolved around the axis of“politics-rule by law-rule of law-rule of law system-rule of law path-rule of law China.”By virtue of discussion of the core themes of jurisprudence and basic categories,jurisprudence has mounted ever higher.On the basis of summing up existing experience,the development and progress of Chinese jurisprudence in the new era should firmly uphold a disciplinary orientation,an indigenous orientation,a mass orientation and an orientation toward practice and modernization.We must seek new logical starting points,constantly pioneer and innovate,and contribute new wisdom and programs to the comprehensive governance of the country according to law.
文摘This article reviews the historical development of Chinese civil law since reform and opening up of China and argues that the primary achievement of civil law legislation over the last four decades has been the formation of a comprehensive civil legal system.Today's civil law system in China not only satisfies the institutional requirements for building a market economy but also constructs a legal rights system and establishes fundamental civil law principles,such as individual autonomy,equal protection,good faith,and fairness.In the 40 years since reform and opening up,there have been significant innovations with regard to the specific systems,systemic structures,and fiindamental principles of Chinese civil law.This article summarizes the experiences of China's civil law legislation since reform and opening up and looks ahead to how the anticipated "civil law codification" suitable for the modem era will develop a modem legal code based on China's domestic circumstances.
